scholarly journals Insight into the Modification of Phosphatidylcholine with n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids-Rich Ethyl Esters by Immobilized MAS1 Lipase

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiumei Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Qin ◽  
Xiuting Li ◽  
Zexin Zhao ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Phospholipase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Loading ◽  
Free System ◽  
Solvent Free System ◽  
Insight Into

This study reported the modification of phosphatidylcholine (PC) with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-rich ethyl esters (EE) by immobilized MAS1 lipase-catalyzed transesterification in the solvent-free system. Effects of n-3 PUFA-rich EE/PC mass ratio, enzyme loading, reaction temperature, and water dosage on the incorporation of n-3 PUFA into PC were investigated, respectively. The results indicate that the maximum incorporation of n-3 PUFA into PC reached 33.5% (24 h) under the following conditions: n-3 PUFA-rich EE/PC mass ratio of 6:1, enzyme loading of 20%, reaction temperature of 55 °C, and water dosage of 1.0%. After 72 h of reaction, the incorporation of n-3 PUFA into PC was 43.55% and the composition of the reaction mixture was analyzed by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results show that the reaction product consisted of 32.68% PC, 28.76% 1-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-lysophosphatidylcholine (sn-1 LPC), 4.90% 2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-lysophosphatidylcholine (sn-2 LPC), and 33.60% sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (GPC). This study offers insight into the phospholipase activity of immobilized MAS1 lipase and suggests the extended applications of immobilized MAS1 lipase in the modification of phospholipids for industrial purpose.

scholarly journals Sustainable Synthesis of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters from Monkfish Liver Oil

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Johanna Aguilera-Oviedo ◽  
Edinson Yara-Varón ◽  
Mercè Torres ◽  
Ramon Canela-Garayoa ◽  
Mercè Balcells
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Novozym 435 ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Free System

The search for economic and sustainable sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) within the framework of the circular economy is encouraged by their proven beneficial effects on health. The extraction of monkfish liver oil (MLO) for the synthesis of omega-3 ethyl esters was performed to evaluate two blending systems and four green solvents in this work. Moreover, the potential solubility of the MLO in green solvents was studied using the predictive simulation software COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Realistic Solvents (COSMO-RS). The production of ethyl esters was performed by one or two-step reactions. Novozym 435, two resting cells (Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus oryzae) obtained in our laboratory and a mix of them were used as biocatalysts in a solvent-free system. The yields for Novozym 435, R. oryzae and A. flavus in the one-step esterification were 63, 61 and 46%, respectively. The hydrolysis step in the two-step reaction led to 83, 88 and 93% of free fatty acids (FFA) for Novozym 435, R. oryzae and A. flavus, respectively. However, Novozym 435 showed the highest yield in the esterification step (85%), followed by R. oryzae (65%) and A. flavus (41%). Moreover, selectivity of polyunsaturated fatty acids of R. oryzae lipase was evidenced as it slightly esterified docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in all the esterification reactions tested.

scholarly journals Developing a High-Temperature Solvent-Free System for Efficient Biocatalysis of Octyl Ferulate

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Ming Huang ◽  
Ping-Yu Wu ◽  
Jiann-Hwa Chen ◽  
Chia-Hung Kuo ◽  
Chwen-Jen Shieh
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Free System ◽  
Solvent Free System ◽  
Fitting Ability ◽  
Acid Esters ◽  
Molar Conversion

Ferulic acid esters have been suggested as a group of natural chemicals that have the function of sunscreen. The study aimed to utilize an environmentally-friendly enzymatic method through the esterification of ferulic acid with octanol, producing octyl ferulate. The Box-Behnken experimental design for response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to determine the synthesis effects of variables, including enzyme amount (1000–2000 propyl laurate units (PLU)), reaction temperature (70–90 °C), and stir speed (50–150 rpm) on the molar conversion of octyl ferulate. According to the joint test, both the enzyme amount and reaction temperature had great impacts on the molar conversion. An RSM-developed second-order polynomial equation further showed a data-fitting ability. Using ridge max analysis, the optimal parameters of the biocatalyzed reaction were: 72 h reaction time, 92.2 °C reaction temperature, 1831 PLU enzyme amount, and 92.4 rpm stir speed, respectively. Finally, the molar conversion of octyl ferulate under optimum conditions was verified to be 93.2 ± 1.5%. In conclusion, it has been suggested that a high yield of octyl ferulate should be synthesized under elevated temperature conditions with a commercial immobilized lipase. Our findings could broaden the utilization of the lipase and provide a biocatalytic approach, instead of the chemical method, for ferulic acid ester synthesis.

A Study of the Hypocholesterolemic Activity of the Ethyl Esters of the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of Cod Liver Oil in the Chicken

1963 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel G. Kahn ◽  
John Vandeputte ◽  
Shirley Wind ◽  
Harold Yacowitz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Cod Liver Oil

Chemo-enzymatic epoxidation of Sapindus mukurossi fatty acids catalyzed with Candida sp. 99–125 lipase in a solvent-free system

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Wan ◽  
Hao Cao ◽  
Raf Dewil ◽  
Li Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Free System ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Solvent Free System

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids against Experimental Lung Injury Induced by Acute Ethanol Inhalation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-538
Author(s):  
Dalia Medhat ◽  
Zakaria El-Khayat ◽  
Mona El-Banna ◽  
Yasmin Abdel-Latif ◽  
Safaa Morsy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acute Ethanol

Ethanol-induced diseases include oxidative mechanisms by which prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress results in genesis and accumulation of cytotoxic total fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs, non-oxidative metabolites of ethanol). FAEEs participate in the pathogenesis of alcoholic lung disease. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) offer a possible protective effect against damage induced by ethanol inhalation. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of flaxseed and fish oils administration against toxicity induced by ethanol inhalation. Forty healthy female albino rats were divided into four groups (control, ethanol, flaxseed and fish oils). Lung superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Plasma advanced oxidation end product (AOPP) and phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase (PI3K) were determined. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids were extracted and fractionated by HPLC. Ethanol inhalation results in significant increase in lung MDA, plasma AOPP and erythrocyte membrane arachidonic acid (AA), linolenic acid (LA), and oleic acid (OA) along with a significant decrease in erythrocyte membrane alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), lung SOD, and plasma PI3K while pretreatment with flaxseed and fish oils daily (1.2 ml/kg) significantly attenuated these parameters. Supplementation of marine PUFAs reduced the oxidative stress induced by ethanol inhalation in experimental animals.

scholarly journals Identification of Phenotypic Lipidomic Signatures in Response to Long Chain n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation in Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Picklo ◽  
Bastien Vallée Marcotte ◽  
Michael Bukowski ◽  
Juan de Toro‐Martín ◽  
Bret M. Rust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Unique Identifier ◽  
Positive Responder ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Long Chain

Background Supplementation with long chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is used to reduce total circulating triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations. However, in about 30% of people, supplementation with long chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids does not result in decreased plasma TAG. Lipidomic analysis may provide insight into this inter‐individual variability. Methods Lipidomic analyses using targeted, mass spectrometry were performed on plasma samples obtained from a clinical study in which participants were supplemented with 3 g/day of long chain n‐3 in the form of fish oil capsules over a 6‐week period. TAG species and cholesteryl esters (CE) were quantified for 130 participants pre‐ and post‐supplementation. Participants were segregated into 3 potential responder phenotypes: (1) positive responder (R pos ; TAG decrease), (2) non‐responder (R non ; lacking TAG change), and (3) negative responder (R neg ; TAG increase) representing 67%, 18%, and 15% of the study participants, respectively. Separation of the 3 phenotypes was attributed to differential responses in TAG with 50 to 54 carbons with 1 to 4 desaturations. Elevated TAG with higher carbon number and desaturation were common to all phenotypes following supplementation. Using the TAG responder phenotype for grouping, decreases in total CE and specific CE occurred in the R pos phenotype versus the R neg phenotype with intermediate responses in the R non phenotype. CE 20:5, containing eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3), was elevated in all phenotypes. A classifier combining lipidomic and genomic features was built to discriminate triacylglycerol response phenotypes and reached a high predictive performance with a balanced accuracy of 75%. Conclusions These data identify lipidomic signatures, TAG and CE, associated with long chain n‐3 response p henotypes and identify a novel phenotype based upon CE changes. Registration URL: https://www.ClinicalTrials.gov ; Unique Identifier: NCT01343342.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document