scholarly journals An Insight into Saponins from Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd): A Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadija El Hazzam ◽  
Jawhar Hafsa ◽  
Mansour Sobeh ◽  
Manal Mhada ◽  
Moha Taourirte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Mechanical Abrasion ◽  
Important Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into

Saponins are an important group found in Chenopodium quinoa. They represent an obstacle for the use of quinoa as food for humans and animal feeds because of their bitter taste and toxic effects, which necessitates their elimination. Several saponins elimination methods have been examined to leach the saponins from the quinoa seeds; the wet technique remains the most used at both laboratory and industrial levels. Dry methods (heat treatment, extrusion, roasting, or mechanical abrasion) and genetic methods have also been evaluated. The extraction of quinoa saponins can be carried out by several methods; conventional technologies such as maceration and Soxhlet are the most utilized methods. However, recent research has focused on technologies to improve the efficiency of extraction. At least 40 saponin structures from quinoa have been isolated in the past 30 years, the derived molecular entities essentially being phytolaccagenic, oleanolic and serjanic acids, hederagenin, 3β,23,30 trihydroxy olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3β-hydroxy-27-oxo-olean-12en-28-oic acid, and 3β,23,30 trihydroxy olean-12-en-28-oic acid. These metabolites exhibit a wide range of biological activities, such as molluscicidal, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, hemolytic, and cytotoxic properties.

A Brief Review on the Development of Novel Potentially Active Azetidin-2-ones Against Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia S. da Silveira Pinto ◽  
Thatyana R. Alves Vasconcelos ◽  
Claudia Regina B. Gomes ◽  
Marcus Vinícius N. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Azetidin-2-ones (β-lactams) and its derivatives are an important group of heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant. Efforts have been made over the years to develop novel congeners with superior biological activities and minimal potential for undesirable side effects. The present review aimed to highlight some recent discoveries (2013-2019) on the development of novel azetidin-2-one-based compounds as potential anticancer agents.

scholarly journals Modern Synthetic Methods for the Stereoselective Construction of 1,3-Dienes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Raquel G. Soengas ◽  
Humberto Rodríguez-Solla
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Bond Forming ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range

The 1,3-butadiene motif is widely found in many natural products and drug candidates with relevant biological activities. Moreover, dienes are important targets for synthetic chemists, due to their ability to give access to a wide range of functional group transformations, including a broad range of C-C bond-forming processes. Therefore, the stereoselective preparation of dienes have attracted much attention over the past decades, and the search for new synthetic protocols continues unabated. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the diverse methodologies that have emerged in the last decade, with a focus on the synthetic processes that meet the requirements of efficiency and sustainability of modern organic chemistry.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis and Biological Activities of Newly Discovered Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 4901
Author(s):  
Seydou Ka ◽  
Manoj Koirala ◽  
Natacha Mérindol ◽  
Isabel Desgagné-Penix
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties

Alkaloids are an important group of specialized nitrogen metabolites with a wide range of biochemical and pharmacological effects. Since the first publication on lycorine in 1877, more than 650 alkaloids have been extracted from Amaryllidaceae bulbous plants and clustered together as the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (AAs) family. AAs are specifically remarkable for their diverse pharmaceutical properties, as exemplified by the success of galantamine used to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. This review addresses the isolation, biological, and structure activity of AAs discovered from January 2015 to August 2020, supporting their therapeutic interest.

Quinoline: an attractive scaffold in drug design

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas F. E. Moor ◽  
Thatyana R. A. Vasconcelos ◽  
Raisa da R. Reis ◽  
Ligia S. S. Pinto ◽  
Thamires M. da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Wide Range

: Quinoline and its derivatives comprise an important group of heterocyclic compounds that exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antiparasitic, anti-Alzheimer and anticholesterol. In fact, the quinoline nucleus is found in the structure of many drugs and in rational design in medicinal chemistry for the discovery of novel bioactive molecules. Persistent efforts have been made over the years to develop novel congeners with superior biological activities and minimal potential for undesirable side effects. This review highlights some discoveries on the development of quinoline-based compounds in recent years (2013-2019) focusing on their biological activities, including anticancer, antitubercular, antimalarial, anti-ZIKV, anti-DENV, anti-Leishmania and anti-Alzheimer’s disease.

New insight into the preparation of flame-retardant thermoplastic polyether ester utilizing β-cyclodextrin as a charring agent

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luchong Zhang ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Jia Hui Li ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Laser Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Laser Raman ◽  
The Past ◽  
Charring Agent ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Remarkable Progress

The past decade has witnessed remarkable progress of the development and amelioration of thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer (TPEE), showing its promising wide-range utility. Herein we unraveled an unprecedented research to utilize β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with perfect charring ability in TPEE in substitution of toxic halogen flame retardants. The TPEE/phosphorous–nitrogen flame retardants (P-N FR) (aluminum diethylphosphinate and melamine polyphosphate)/β-CD system was created and the flame retardance effects were determined using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the vertical burning test (UL94), while the charring effects of β-CD were measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, the mechanical properties and the morphology were tested by the universal testing machine and SEM. Results indicate that with 10 wt% of β-CD added to the TPEE/25 wt% P-N FR systems, the UL94 can reach to V-0 grade and the tensile strength of this blend was kept above 10 MPa, which can be applied in practice. To our delight, β-CD promoted the formation of stable and compact carbonaceous char, preventing the melt dripping and enhancing the properties and the charring mechanism was better studied by real-time Fourier transform infrared spectra. Being easy to construct, sustainable, and economic, the TPEE composite modified by β-CD and P-N FR is a reliable and widely applicable novel fire retardation material.

scholarly journals Antigen-Specific Treatment Modalities in MS: The Past, the Present, and the Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Derdelinckx ◽  
Patrick Cras ◽  
Zwi N. Berneman ◽  
Nathalie Cools
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Insight Into

Antigen-specific therapy for multiple sclerosis may lead to a more effective therapy by induction of tolerance to a wide range of myelin-derived antigens without hampering the normal surveillance and effector function of the immune system. Numerous attempts to restore tolerance toward myelin-derived antigens have been made over the past decades, both in animal models of multiple sclerosis and in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis patients. In this review, we will give an overview of the current approaches for antigen-specific therapy that are in clinical development for multiple sclerosis as well provide an insight into the challenges for future antigen-specific treatment strategies for multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals A Review on Synthesis and Biological Activity of Thiazole and its Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Namitha TH ◽  
Saranya S Nair ◽  
Dr.Arun Kumar ◽  
Dr.Vinod B ◽  
Dr.Daisy P A
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Heteroaromatic Ring ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Thiazole, a five-membered heteroaromatic ring, is an important framework of a large number of synthetic compounds. Its diverse pharmacological activity is mirrored in many clinically approved thiazole-containing molecules with, wide range of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anthelmintic, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. The current review provides an overview of the biological activities of thiazole during the past years.

scholarly journals Quinoa Secondary Metabolites and Their Biological Activities or Functions

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin ◽  
Han ◽  
Li ◽  
Wang ◽  
Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
South America ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) was known as the “golden grain” by the native Andean people in South America, and has been a source of valuable food over thousands of years. It can produce a variety of secondary metabolites with broad spectra of bioactivities. At least 193 secondary metabolites from quinoa have been identified in the past 40 years. They mainly include phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and nitrogen-containing compounds. These metabolites exhibit many physiological functions, such as insecticidal, molluscicidal and antimicrobial activities, as well as various kinds of biological activities such as antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on our knowledge of the structures, biological activities and functions of quinoa secondary metabolites. Biosynthesis, development and utilization of the secondary metabolites especially from quinoa bran were prospected.

scholarly journals Does any convex quadrilateral have circumscribed ellipses?

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1463-1476
Author(s):  
Jia Hui Li ◽  
Zhuo Qun Wang ◽  
Yi Xi Shen ◽  
Zhong Yuan Dai
Keyword(s):  
Projective Transformation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Conic Sections ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Construction Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Convex Quadrilateral ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The past decades have witnessed several well-known beautiful conclusions on four con-cyclic points. With highly promising research value, we profoundly studied circumscribed ellipses of convex quadrilaterals in this paper. Using tools of parallel projective transformation and analytic geometry, we derived several theorems including the proof of the existence of circumscribed ellipses of convex quadrilaterals, the properties of its minimal coverage area, and locus center, respectively. This simple approach lays a solid foundation for its application to three-dimensional situations, which is namely the circumscribed quadric surface of a solid figure and its wide-range utility in construction engineering. Meanwhile, we have a new insight into innate connection of conic sections as well as a taste of beauty and harmony of geometry.

Post-1990 Documentary

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Film Industry ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Global Understanding ◽  
Exhibition Strategies ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

This book presents in-depth case studies focusing on the major aspects of post-1990 documentary practices and styles. The book questions the meanings of ‘independence’ for documentaries made in the post-1990 context, a period of unrivalled disruption and creativity in the field. Written from a wide range of academic perspectives, the book sheds new light on historical, theoretical, and empirical issues pertaining to the independent documentary, in order to better comprehend the radical transformations of the form over the past twenty years. The book focuses on works and practitioners existing at the margins of the traditional media, the mainstream film industry, and the prevailing economic and socio-political systems. In doing so, it addresses an important gap in the global understanding of documentary practices and styles. The book provides critical and detailed insight into contemporary independent documentary makers and their varied works, practices and uses and offers a variety of perspectives and interpretations of under studied contemporary subject matters and styles, as well as production, distribution, and exhibition strategies.

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