scholarly journals A Novel Tool for Visualization of Water Molecular Structure and Its Changes, Expressed on the Scale of Temperature Influence

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltan Kovacs ◽  
Bernhard Pollner ◽  
George Bazar ◽  
Jelena Muncan ◽  
Roumiana Tsenkova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Equivalent Effect ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Spectral Patterns ◽  
First Time

Aquaphotomics utilizes water-light interaction for in-depth exploration of water, its structure and role in aqueous and biologic systems. The aquagram, a major analytical tool of aquaphotomics, allows comparison of water molecular structures of different samples by comparing their respective absorbance spectral patterns. Temperature is the strongest perturbation of water changing almost all water species. To better interpret and understand spectral patterns, the objective of this work was to develop a novel, temperature-scaled aquagram that provides standardized information about changes in water molecular structure caused by solutes, with its effects translated to those which would have been caused by respective temperature changes. NIR spectra of Milli-Q water in the temperature range of 20–70 °C and aqueous solutions of potassium chloride in concentration range of 1 to 1000 mM were recorded to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed novel tool. The obtained results presented the influence of salt on the water molecular structure expressed as the equivalent effect of temperature in degrees of Celsius. The temperature-based aquagrams showed the well-known structure breaking and structure making effects of salts on water spectral pattern, for the first time presented in the terms of temperature influence on pure water. This new method enables comparison of spectral patterns providing a universal tool for evaluation of various bio-aqueous systems which can provide better insight into the system’s functionality.

Temperature influence on homogeneous instabilities in stationary shear flow of nematic liquid crystal with weak surface anchoring

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
I.Sh. Nasibullayev ◽  
O.V. Urina
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Shear Flow ◽  
Nematic Liquid Crystal ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
External Fields ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
Surface Anchoring ◽  
Weak Surface ◽  
Surface Coupling

Plane stationary shear flow of the nematic liquid crystal with weak surface anchoring is investigated. The effect of temperature, external fields, and the nature of the surface coupling on the formation of orientation instabilities is investigated.

Consideration of the temperature factor of atmospheric air when determining standard consumption of fuel and energy resources for train traction

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
K. M. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Specific Consumption ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Coefficient ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Specific Flow ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Physical Laws

Abstract. Influence of air temperature on the consumption of fuel and energy resources (FER) on train traction is due to a number of physical laws. The extent of this effect is specified in the Rules for Traction Settlement (RTS). At the same time, when rationing FER consumption for train traction, a specialized methodical base is used, which involves a different approach to accounting for the effect of temperature on FER consumption for train traction. At the same time in different documents of this base, the effects of low temperature on the absolute and specific consumption of fuel and energy resources on train traction are taken into account in a different way, which is due to the lack of consensus among specialists on the way this factor is taken into account. Specialists of JSC “VNIIZhT” carried out an analysis of a significant amount of driver’s routes data, results of which showed that the dependence of the specific flow rate on temperature, on the basis of which the corresponding influence coefficient is determined, needs to be periodically updated. In addition, when technically standardizing the consumption of fuel and energy resources (for the locomotive crew work site), the temperature effect coefficients need to be calculated for a specific work area and direction of motion on it, while using the average network coefficient values will lead to errors. When calculating additional flow of fuel and energy from the effect of temperature for electric multiple units (EMU), the equations of regression dependencies should be used, obtained by statistical processing of data on temperature changes and specific consumption of fuel and energy resources for EMU and determined for each series of EMU when working on a particular suburban area.

scholarly journals Deciphering the effects of kosmotrope and chaotrope salts during aqueous two phase extraction (ATPE) of polyphenolic compounds and glycoalkaloids from the leaves of a nutraceutical plant, Solanum retroflexum, with the aid of UPLC-QTOF-MS

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tebogo Mokgehle ◽  
Ntakadzeni Madala ◽  
Wilson Gitari ◽  
Nikita Tavengwa
Keyword(s):  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Solanum Retroflexum ◽  
Chaotropic Salts ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase Extraction

AbstractSolanum plants (Solanaceae) are renowned source of nutraceuticals and have widely been explored for their phytochemical constituents. This work investigated the effects of kosmotropic and chaotropic salts on the number of phytochemicals extracted from the leaves of a nutraceutical plant, Solanum retroflexum, and analyzed on the ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to a quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF-MS) detector. Here, a total of 20 different compounds were putatively characterized. The majority of the identified compounds were polyphenols and glycoalkaloids. Another compound, caffeoyl malate was identified for the first time in this plant. Glycoalkaloids such as solanelagnin, solamargine, solasonine, β-solanine (I) and β-solanine (II) were found to be extracted by almost all the salts used herein. Kosmotrope salts, overall, were more efficient in extracting polar compounds with 4 more polyphenolic compounds extracted compared to the chaotropes. Chaotropes were generally more selective for the extraction of less polar compounds (glycoalkaloids) with 3 more extracted than the kosmotropes. The chaotrope and the kosmotrope that extracted the most metabolites were NaCl and Na2SO4, respectively, with 12 metabolites extracted for each salt. This work demonstrated that a comprehensive metabolome of S. retroflexum, more than what was previously reported on the same plant, can be achieved by application of kosmotropes and chaotropes as extractants with the aid of the Aqueous Two Phase Extraction approach. The best-performing salts, Na2SO4 or NaCl, could potentially be applied on a commercial scale, to meet the ever-growing demand of the studied metabolites. The Aqueous Two Phase Extraction technique was found to be efficient in simultaneous extraction of multiple metabolites which can be applied in metabolomics.

scholarly journals Comparison on the Nutrient Plunder Capacity of Orychophragmus violaceus and Brassica napus L. Based on Electrophysiological Information

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Yue Su ◽  
Yanyou Wu ◽  
Haitao Li ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Orychophragmus Violaceus ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Capacitive Reactance ◽  
Time Determination ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time

The nutrient metabolism, growth and development of plants are strongly affected by its nutrient plunder, and plants have different adaptive mechanisms to low-nutrient environments. The electrophysiological activities involve almost all life processes of plants. In this study, the active transport flow of nutrient (NAF) and nutrient plunder capacity (NPC) of plants were defined based on leaf intrinsic impedance (IZ), capacitive reactance (IXc), inductive reactance (IXL) and capacitance (IC) to evaluate the nutrient plunder capacity of plants for the first time. The results indicate that Orychophragmus violaceus had higher (p < 0.01) NPC and IC and lower (p < 0.01) IR, IXc, IXL and IZ as compared to Brassica napus L., which supports a superior ion affinity and that it could be better adapted to low-nutrient environments. UAF and NPC of plants exhibited good correlations with crude protein, crude ash and water content, and precisely revealed the plunder capacity and adaptive strategies of plants to nutrients. The present work highlights that O. violaceus had superior NPC and ion affinity compared with B. napus, and provided a novel, rapid, reliable method based on the plant’s electrophysiological information for real-time determination of the nutrient plunder capacity of plants.

Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Disulfane

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1338-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Hahn ◽  
Petra Schmidt ◽  
Klaus Reinartz ◽  
Jörg Behrend ◽  
Gisbert Winnewisser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Dihedral Angle ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Microwave Spectroscopy ◽  
Stabilizing Agent ◽  
Rotary Evaporator ◽  
First Time

The synthesis and structure of disulfane are presented. Pure disulfane, H2S2, has been obtained by the cracking distillation of raw sulfane mixtures in a rotary evaporator, thus substituting the classical cracking column for the rotating flask of the evaporator. Pure, gaseous dideuterodisulfane could be generated by the solvolysis of bis(methyldiphenylsilyl)disulfane, (MePh2Si)2S2, with D2O in the presence of trichloroacetic acid as stabilizing agent. Partially deuterated disulfane has been prepared by H,D exchange between pure H2S2 and DCl. For the first time the molecular structure of HSSH has been determined based solely on microwave spectroscopy with the following parameters: r(SS) = 2.0564 A, r(SH) = 1.3421 A, dihedral angle γ = 90.34°, and &lt;(SSH) = 97.88°.

Flow Behaviors of High Acyl Gellan Aqueous Solutions as Affected by Temperature, and Calcium and Gellan Concentrations

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Huang ◽  
Pawan Singh Takhar ◽  
Juming Tang ◽  
Barry G Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Rheological Behaviors ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Rheological behaviors of high acyl (HA) gellan are not well understood partially because of its relatively late commercialization compared to low acyl gellan. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature (5-30 °C), calcium (0, 1 and 10 mM) and gellan concentrations (0.0044-0.1000% w/v) on the flow behaviors of high acyl gellan aqueous solutions using rheological tests. Gellan solutions with 0 or 1 mM added Ca++ exhibited shear thinning behavior at gellan concentrations above 0.0125%. The influence of temperature on apparent viscosity (shear rate, 100 s-1) of gellan solutions can be described with an Arrhenius relationship. The apparent viscosity of gellan solution at low concentrations was more sensitive to temperature changes. The addition of Ca++ led to a decrease in flow resistance for a dilute gellan solution (<0.0125%), but an increased resistance for a relatively concentrated gellan solution (>0.0125%).

Defining the molecular structure of teixobactin analogues and understanding their role in antibacterial activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 2016-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anish Parmar ◽  
Stephen H. Prior ◽  
Abhishek Iyer ◽  
Charlotte S. Vincent ◽  
Dorien Van Lysebetten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Key Residues ◽  
First Time

In this work, we have for the first time defined the molecular structure of seven teixobactin analogues through the variation of the d/l configuration of its key residues.

A New Sahidic Fragment of the Gospel of Luke from the Michigan Collection

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
Brice C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Gospel Of Luke ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time

AbstractThis article publishes for the first time the extant remains of a Sahidic Coptic manuscript containing portions of Luke 17-19. Almost all of the special Lukan pericope concerning Jesus and Zacchaeus is preserved (19:1-10), as well as most of the parable of the Dishonest Judge (18:1-8). The edition includes a transcription, translation, palaeographical analysis, critical apparatus, as well as images of the fragment.

Metaphoric chains

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-298
Author(s):  
Sakineh Navidi-Baghi ◽  
Ali Izanloo ◽  
Alireza Qaeminia ◽  
Alireza Azad
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Form

Abstract The molecular structure of a complex metaphor comprises two or more atomic metaphorical parts, known as primary metaphors. In the same way, several molecular structures of metaphors may combine and form a mixture, known as mixed metaphors. In this study, different types of metaphoric integrations are reviewed and illustrated in figures to facilitate understanding the phenomena. Above all, we introduce double-ground metaphoric chain, a new form of metaphoric integration that has not been identified in the previous literature. Also, a distinction is made between single-ground and double-ground metaphoric chains. In the former, which has already been introduced, two basic metaphors are chained with the same form and have the same ground, while the latter includes two chained metaphors, one main metaphor plus a supportive one, with different grounds. In this analysis, we benefited from Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) to analyse double-ground metaphoric chains. This study suggests that each metaphoric integration leads to a multifaceted conceptualization, in which each facet is related to one of the constituent micro-metaphors.

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