scholarly journals Identification of the Volatile Components of Galium verum L. and Cruciata leavipes Opiz from the Western Italian Alps

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Tava ◽  
Elisa Biazzi ◽  
Domenico Ronga ◽  
Pinarosa Avato
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Western Alps ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Fresh Plant Material ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Total Oil

The chemical composition of the volatile fraction from Galium verum L. (leaves and flowers) and Cruciata laevipes Opiz (whole plant), Rubiaceae, was investigated. Samples from these two plant species were collected at full bloom in Val di Susa (Western Alps, Turin, Italy), distilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. A total of more than 70 compounds were identified, making up 92%–98% of the total oil. Chemical investigation of their essential oils indicated a quite different composition between G. verum and C. laevipes, both in terms of the major constituents and the dominant chemical classes of the specialized metabolites. The most abundant compounds identified in the essential oils from G. verum were 2-methylbenzaldheyde (26.27%, corresponding to 11.59 μg/g of fresh plant material) in the leaves and germacrene D (27.70%; 61.63 μg/g) in the flowers. C. laevipes essential oils were instead characterized by two sesquiterpenes, namely β-caryophyllene (19.90%; 15.68 μg/g) and trans-muurola-4(15),5-diene (7.60%; 5.99 μg/g); two phenylpropanoids, benzyl alcohol (8.30%; 6.71 μg/g), and phenylacetaldehyde (7.74%; 6.26 μg/g); and the green-leaf alcohol cis-3-hexen-1-ol (9.69%; 7.84 μg/g). The ecological significance of the presence of such compounds is discussed.

scholarly journals Composition of the Essential Oils and Antibacterial Activities of Hymenocrater yazdianus, Stachys obtusicrena and Nepeta asterotricha Three Labiatae Herbs Growing Wild in Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Masoudi ◽  
Abdolhossein Rustaiyan ◽  
Razieh Mohebat ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Mosslemin
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Stem Leaf

Water-distilled essential oils from leaves of Hymenocrater yazdianus Rech.f., flowers of Stachys obtusicrena Boiss., and stems and flowers of Nepeta asterotricha Rech.f, which are endemic to Iran, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Fifty-five components of the leaf oil of H. yazdianus were characterized, representing 95.1% of the total components detected. The major constituents were identified as 1,8-cineole (17.6%), β-caryophyllene (13.9%), α-pinene (10.6%) and caryophyllene oxide (10.4%). Germacrene-D (37.5%) and α-bisabolol (23.5%) were the main components among the twenty constituents characterized in the flower oil of S. obtusicrena, representing 90.8% of the total components detected. Thirty-five compounds representing 93.0% of the stem oil of N. asterotrica were identified among which terpinen-4-ol (22.8%) and γ-terpinene (14.1%) were the major ones. The flower oil of the species was characterized by higher amounts of terpinen-4-ol (24.8%), 4aα, 7aβ-nepetalactone (18.2%) and 1,8-cineole (11.6%) among the thirty-three components comprising 98.5% of the total oil detected. The antibacterial activity of the stem, leaf and flower oils of Hymenocrater yazdianus, Stachys obtusicrena and Nepeta asterotricha against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were determined using the MIC method. The growth inhibitory zone (mm) was also measured.

scholarly journals (R)-(–)-Linalyl Acetate and (S)-(–)-Germacrene D from the Leaves of Mexican Bursera linanoe

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Noge ◽  
Nobuhiro Shimizu ◽  
Judith X. Becerra
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Decomposition Product ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Common Method ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Linalyl Acetate ◽  
Germacrene D

The leaf volatile components of Mexican Bursera linanoe were identified as ( R)-(–)-linalyl acetate (57.6%; 95.5% ee) and ( S)-(–)-germacrene D (39.3%; 100% ee) by solvent extraction and GC–MS and chiral GC analyses. Linalool was previously reported as the major component from the leaves of B. linanoe. However, we believe that this is a decomposition product of linalyl acetate during steam distillation, a common method for extraction of essential oils. The chemically unique blend in the leaves of B. linanoe may act as a chemical barrier against its potential herbivores, Blepharida beetles that have a tendency for attacking chemically similar plants as hosts.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Centaurea Sicana and C. Giardinae Growing Wild in Sicily

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Formisano ◽  
Daniela Rigano ◽  
Felice Senatore ◽  
Maurizio Bruno ◽  
Sergio Rosselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Total Oil

The essential oils of Centaurea sicana (S) and C. giardinae (G) were studied by GC and GC-MS. Thirty constituents for S, representing 81.5% of the total oil, and 24 compounds for G (94.2% of the total) were identified. The oils were rich in sesquiterpenoids (47.9% for S and 54.7% for G) and hydrocarbons (25.9% for S and 31.7% for G). Germacrene D (13.3%), ( E)-β-farnesene (8.3%), nonacosane (7.3%), heptacosane (6.5%) and phytol (6%) were recognized as the main constituents for S, while caryophyllene oxide (17.7%), nonacosane (14.5%), germacrene D (11.5%), caryophyllene (11.2%) and heptacosane (10.3%) were the main compounds for G.

scholarly journals Potential Interaction between the Volatile and Non-volatile Fractions on the In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Three South African Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) Species

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Y. Lalli ◽  
Alvaro M. Viljoen ◽  
Sandy F. Van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Interaction

Previous studies have reported promising antimicrobial efficacy for the essential oils and solvent extracts of several indigenous Pelargonium species. This study aimed to determine if any pharmacological interaction (e.g. synergism or antagonism) exists between the volatile and non-volatile components when the different fractions were investigated. The antimicrobial activity of the following fractions were tested; the essential oil prepared by hydrodistillation (EO), non-volatile fraction (NV), prepared by extraction of plant material remaining in the distilling apparatus (having no or negligible volatile constituents) and solvent extracts prepared from fresh (FC) and dried (DC) plant material containing both volatile and non-volatile constituents. Pelargonium quercifolium oil was dominated by p-cymene (42.1%) and viridiflorol (16.9%), while P. graveolens and P. tomentosum oil had high levels of isomenthone (84.0 and 58.8%, respectively). Menthone was noted as a major constituent in the P. tomentosum EO sample. It was evident from the results that the presence of volatile constituents in the three species; P. graveolens, P. quercifolium and P. tomentosum is generally not a prerequisite for antimicrobial activity. The most significant variations of antimicrobial activity were noted for P. tomentosum where poorer activity was noted for the FC and EO fractions against Bacillus cereus and Candida albicans. Studies on Staphylococcus aureus, however, showed the converse, where best activity was noted for the FC fraction (3.0 mg/mL). For P. quercifolium, the DC fraction indicated a notable increase in anti-staphylococcal activity (2.0 mg/mL) when compared with the FC (8.0 mg/mL) and EO (16.0 mg/mL) fractions. For P. tomentosum, the FC fraction indicated much lower antimicrobial activity (against both B. cereus and C. albicans) when compared with all other fractions, suggesting that the essential oils may impact negatively on the antimicrobial activity when tested against these two pathogens.

Comparative Study of Volatile Components of Essential Oil from Conyza canadensis between Hydrodistillation and Steam Distillation

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1644-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Ming Liu ◽  
Hai Ying Wang ◽  
Shan Shan Liu ◽  
Nai Xiang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Biomimetic Synthesis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
The Common

The volatile components of essential oils of fresh aerial parts from horseweed (Conyza canadensis) collected in October with hydrodistillation and steam distillation, respectively, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that limonene, β-pinene, trans-α-bergamotene, cis-β-ocimene, β-myrcene, germacrene D, 1,3,8-p-menthatriene, caryophyllene, (E)-β-farnesene, (Z)-β-farnesene, α-curcumene, caryophyllene oxide were the common volatile components in the essential oils between hydrodistillation and steam distillation. High limonene content (68.87%) was in the essential oil with hydrodistillation. Limonene or other terpenoids has the potential to develop as the biomimetic synthesis template for environmentally-friendly herbicide.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils From Leaves and Flowers of Passiflora sexocellata and Passiflora trifasciata

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110076
Author(s):  
Francesco Saverio Robustelli della Cuna ◽  
Annalisa Giovannini ◽  
Luca Braglia ◽  
Cristina Sottani ◽  
Elena Grignani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
First Time

The chemical composition of the essential oils of Passiflora sexocellata and Passiflora trifasciata (Passifloraceae, subgenus Decaloba) were studied for the first time. Essential oils were obtained by steam distillation of fresh leaves and flowers. The chemical composition was assessed by using GC/FID and GC/MS. For P. sexocellata leaves, the optimized analytical procedure allowed the identification of 33 compounds (75% of the total oil composition) and 29 (74% of the total oil composition) in flowers. Regarding P. trifasciata, 35 compounds (76% of the total oil composition) were detected in leaves and 32 (71% of the total oil composition) in flowers. Terpenes and mono unsaturated hydrocarbons were quantified as major constituents of the volatile fraction in flowers (17.0 to 52.6%) and (13.7 to 20.0%). Organic acids were detected in both leaves and flowers with a percentage ranging from 3.3% to 32.0%. Aldehydes were also detected in leaves (12.6 to 41.4%) and in flowers (1.4 to 5.1%). The GC/MS analyzes allowed alcohols to be detected in leaves (20.6 to 42.9%) and in flowers (8.2 to 18.1%). These compounds represent the most important feature of the large Passiflora family. Moreover, a critical role in the coevolved mechanisms of pollinators' interaction has been investigated.

Composition of the essential oils of three Malaysian Xylopia species (Annonaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 479-484
Author(s):  
Natasa Mohd Shakri ◽  
Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh ◽  
Shamsul Khamis ◽  
Nor Azah Mohamad Ali ◽  
Muhammad Helmi Nadri
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Oil Components ◽  
The Rich

AbstractThe rich and diversified Malaysian flora represents an excellent resource of new chemical structures with biological activities. The genus Xylopia L. includes aromatic plants that have both nutritional and medicinal uses. This study aims to contribute with information about the volatile components of three Xylopia species essential oils: Xylopia frutescens, Xylopia ferruginea, and Xylopia magna. In this study, essential oils were extracted from the leaves by a hydrodistillation process. The identification of the essential oil components was performed by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography–coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major components of the essential oils from X. frutescens were bicyclogermacrene (22.8%), germacrene D (14.2%), elemol (12.8%), and guaiol (12.8%), whereas components of the essential oils from X. magna were germacrene D (35.9%), bicyclogermacrene (22.8%), and spathulenol (11.1%). The X. ferruginea oil was dominated by bicyclogermacrene (23.6%), elemol (13.7%), guaiol (13.4%), and germacrene D (12.3%).

scholarly journals Compositional Comparison of Essential Oils Extracted from Flowers and Aerial Parts of Elsholtzia winitiana var. dongvanensis Phuong Harvested in Ha Giang Province, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 2438-2442
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Ngoc Mai ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hong Van ◽  
Chu Quang Truyen ◽  
Tran Dinh Thang ◽  
Tran Quoc Toan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Transformation ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Aromatic Ketone ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Important Chemical ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Total Oil

Elsholtzia winitiana var. dongvanensis Phuong is a plant contains an essential oil characterized by an important chemical transformation. Essential oils were isolated from Elsholtzia winitiana var. dongvanensis Phuong flowers and aerial parts by hydrodistillation and analyzed for chemical constituents by GC-MS. Twenty-two components accounting for 99.99% of the total oil of flowers and twenty-three components accounting for 98.72 % of the total oil of aerial parts were identified. The composition of the essential oil contains aldehyde, aromatic ketone, monoterpenoid and secquiterpenoid. Major components found in two essential oil samples were andehyde, terpenoid, ketone benzaldehyde, germacrene D, E-caryphyllene and caryophyllene oxide. Moreover, essential oil sample isolated from flowers and aerial parts of E. winitiana var. dongvannensis was dominated by the high content of rosefuran (75.67%) and rosefuran epoxide (71.33%), respectively.

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Athamanta turbith ssp. haynaldii Volatiles

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300
Author(s):  
Goran M. Petrović ◽  
Jelena G. Stamenković ◽  
Violeta D. Mitić ◽  
Gordana S. Stojanović ◽  
Bojan K. Zlatković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Headspace Volatiles ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Two Populations

The fresh aerial parts of essential oils and headspace volatiles of two populations of Athamanta turbith ssp. haynaldii were analyzed in detail by GC and GC/MS analyses. In headspace samples, 32 compounds were identified, representing 98.4% and 98.8% of the total volatiles and were dominated by hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes, representing over 60% of both. Germacrene D was the major component, followed by terpinolene and myristicin. The essential oils of A. turbith consisted mainly of phenylpropene compounds with myristicin being the major compound. Fifty two compounds were identified in the oil isolated from Perućac and 57 from Kremna, accounting for 99.0% and 99.6% of total detectable components, with myristicin (52.3% and 50.8%, respectively) being the major component. In both samples, myristicin, germacrene D and δ-cadinene make up over 78% of the total oil composition. Antioxidant activity was measured using four different assays: DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC and TRP method. It was found that the essential oil showed low antioxidant capacities compared with standard antioxidant compounds.

scholarly journals VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF ONCOBA SPINOSA LEAF AND MORUS MESOZYGIA LEAF AND STEM BARK

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (23) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
S. A. Aboaba ◽  
O. Adeeko
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Total Oil

The essential oils of Oncoba spinosa leaf and Morus mesozygia leaf and stem bark were extracted using hydrodistillation and analyzed by means of Gas chromatography (GC) and GC coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The yields of the essential oils were; 0.50 %, 0.165 %, and 0.456 % respectively for Oncoba spinosa leaf, Morus mesozygia leaf, and stem oil. A total of twenty-eight, thirty-four and twenty compounds representing 92.0%, 92.0%, and 96.9% of the total oil contents were identified, respectively from the leaf of O. spinosa, leaf, and stem oil of M. mesozygia. Leaf oil of O. spinosa contained linalool (22.1 %), ȕ – caryophyllene (18.7 %), caryophyllene oxide (10.6 %) and pentadecanal (5.6 %) as the main constituents. M. mesozygia leaf oil was dominated with ȕ – elemene (11.7 %), (E) –ȕ- ionone (12.4 %), Į- selinene (5.1 %), germacrene A (6.0 %), į – cadinene (4.7 %) and spathulenol (7.4 %) while M. mesozygia stem oil had 2 –dodecanone (77%) and hexahydrofarnesylacetone (13 %) as its main constituents.

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