scholarly journals Utilization of ZeoliticWaste in Alkali-Activated Biomass Bottom Ash Blends

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 3053
Author(s):  
Danutė Vaičiukynienė ◽  
Dalia Nizevičienė ◽  
Agnė Mikelionienė ◽  
Algirdas Radzevičius
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Aluminum Compound ◽  
Aluminum Compounds ◽  
Activated Biomass ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Alkali Activated Binders ◽  
Oil Cracking ◽  
Alkali Activated

This study aims to investigate the effects of ammonium-bearing zeolitic waste (FCC) on alkali-activated biomass bottom ash (BBA). FCC was obtained from the oil-cracking process in petroleum plants. In this study, two types of production waste were used: biomass bottom ash and ammonium-bearing zeolitic waste. These binary alkali-activated FCC/BBA blends were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The compressive strength of the hardened samples was evaluated. The results show that the samples made from alkali-activated BBA biomass bottom ash had low (8.5 MPa) compressive strength, which could be explained with low reactive BBA and insufficient quantities of silicon and aluminum compounds. The reactivity of BBA was improved with incorporating zeolitic waste as an aluminosilicate material. This zeolitic waste was first used for ammonium sorption; then, it was incorporated in alkali-activated samples. Additional amounts of hydrated products formed, such as calcium silicate hydrate, calcium aluminum silicate hydrate and calcium sodium aluminum silicate hydrate. The silicon and aluminum compound, which varied in zeolitic waste, changed the mineral composition and microstructure of alkali-activated binder systems. NH4Cl, which was incorporated in the zeolitic waste, did not negatively affect the compressive strength of the alkali-activated BBA samples. This investigation proved that waste materials can be reused by producing alkali-activated binders.

scholarly journals Alkali-Activated Binders Using Bottom Ash from Waste-to-Energy Plants and Aluminium Recycling Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Maldonado-Alameda ◽  
Jofre Mañosa ◽  
Jessica Giro-Paloma ◽  
Joan Formosa ◽  
Josep Maria Chimenos
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Aluminium Recycling ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
Alkali Activated Binders ◽  
Energy Plants ◽  
Alkali Activated

Alkali-activated binders (AABs) stand out as a promising alternative to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to the possibility of using by-products and wastes in their manufacturing. This paper assessed the potential of weathered bottom ash (WBA) from waste-to-energy plants and PAVAL® (PV), a secondary aluminium recycling process by-product, as precursors of AABs. WBA and PV were mixed at weight ratios of 98/2, 95/5, and 90/10. A mixture of waterglass (WG) and NaOH at different concentrations (4 and 6 M) was used as the alkaline activator solution. The effects of increasing NaOH concentration and PV content were evaluated. Alkali-activated WBA/PV (AA-WBA/PV) binders were obtained. Selective chemical extractions and physicochemical characterization revealed the formation of C-S-H, C-A-S-H, and (N,C)-A-S-H gels. Increasing the NaOH concentration and PV content increased porosity and reduced compressive strength (25.63 to 12.07 MPa). The leaching potential of As and Sb from AA-WBA/PV exceeded the threshold for acceptance in landfills for non-hazardous waste.

scholarly journals Alkali Activated Paste and Concrete Based on of Biomass Bottom Ash with Phosphogypsum

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5190
Author(s):  
Danutė Vaičiukynienė ◽  
Dalia Nizevičienė ◽  
Aras Kantautas ◽  
Vytautas Bocullo ◽  
Andrius Kielė
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Alkali Activated

There is a growing interest in the development of new cementitious binders for building construction activities. In this study, biomass bottom ash (BBA) was used as aluminosilicate precursor and phosphogypsum (PG) was used as a calcium source. The mixtures of BBA and PG were activated with the sodium hydroxide solution or the mixture of sodium hydroxide solution and sodium silicate hydrate solution. Alkali activated binders were investigated using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test methods. The compressive strength of hardened paste and fine-grained concrete was also evaluated. After 28 days, the highest compressive strength reached 30.0 MPa—when the BBA was substituted with 15% PG and activated with NaOH solution—which is 14 MPa more than control sample. In addition, BBA fine-grained concrete samples based on BBA with 15% PG substitute activated with NaOH/Na2SiO3 solution showed higher compressive strength compered to when NaOH activator was used −15.4 MPa and 12.9 MPa respectfully. The NaOH/Na2SiO3 activator solution resulted reduced open porosity, so potentially the fine-grained concrete resistance to freeze and thaw increased.

Alkali-activated binders based on incinerator bottom ash combined with limestone-calcined clay or fly ash

2022 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 126306
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Zhen Liang ◽  
Hesong Jin ◽  
Gediminas Kastiukas ◽  
Luping Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Calcined Clay ◽  
Alkali Activated Binders ◽  
Alkali Activated

Alkali Activated Binders Based on Metakaolin

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Laura Sele ◽  
Diana Bajare ◽  
Girts Bumanis ◽  
Laura Dembovska
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sodium Silicate Solution ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Lead Silicate ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Alkali Activated Binders ◽  
Alkali Activated

<p>According to research conducted in last 25 years, alkali activated binders have been considered as one of the most progressive alternative binders, which can effectively replace Portland cement. Production of alkali activated binders differs from the Portland cement production and is associated with lower CO2 emissions. The use of recycled industrial by-products and wastes is also possible, what corresponds to the future guidelines and principles of sustainable binder production in the world.<br />The aim of this study was to create innovative alkali activated binders by using secondary raw materials, which will be different from the ones described in the scientific literature – alkali activated binders with porous structure. Raw materials used for the binders were metakaolin containing waste, waste from aluminium scrap recycling factory and recycled lead-silicate glass; solid contents were activated with modified sodium silicate solution with an addition of sodium hydroxide.<br />The physical properties of alkali activated binders, such as density, water absorption, open and total porosity, were determined and flexural and compressive strength of hardened alkali-activated binders were tested at the age of 28 days. Durability was examined by sulphate resistance test, which was performed according to SIA 262/1, appendix D: applicability and relevance for use in practice. 40x40x160 mm prismatic specimens were used for expansion measurement and determination of compressive strength. <br />The open porosity of obtained materials was up to 45%, density from 380 to 1720 kg/m3, compressive strength up to 29,8 MPa, water absorption 6 – 114 wt.%. After analysing the results from the sulphate test it was concluded that glass additive reduced the alkali activated binder resistance to sulphate attack.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of Water Content on Mechanical Strength and Microstructure of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash/GGBFS Mortars Cured at Cold and Polar Regions

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Wei ◽  
Feng Ming ◽  
Dongqing Li ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Yuhang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Negative Temperature ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Strength ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Alkali Activated Binders ◽  
Alkali Activated

Negative temperature curing is a very harmful factor for geopolymer mortar or concrete, which will decrease the strength and durability. The water in the geopolymer mixture may be frozen into ice, and the water content is a crucial factor. The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of water content on the properties of alkali-activated binders mortar cured at −5 °C. Fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) were used as binders. Three groups of experiments with different water content were carried out. The prepared samples were investigated through uniaxial compression strength test, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the determination of their compressive strength, microstructural features, phase, and composition. The results indicated that, the compressive strength of samples basically maintained 25.78 MPa–27.10 MPa at an age of 28 days; for 90 days, the values reached 33.4 MPa–34.04 MPa. The results showed that lower water content is beneficial to improving the early strength of mortar at −5 °C curing condition, while it has little impact on long-term strength. These results may provide references for the design and construction of geopolymer concrete in cold regions.

Alkali Activated Binders Based on Biomass Bottom Ash and Silica By-Product Blends

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vaičiukynienė ◽  
D. Nizevičienė ◽  
A. Kantautas ◽  
A. Kielė ◽  
V. Bocullo
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Alkali Activated Binders ◽  
Alkali Activated

Prediction models for compressive strength of concrete with Alkali-activated binders

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-539
Author(s):  
Arkamitra Kar ◽  
Indrajit Ray ◽  
Avinash Unnikrishnan ◽  
Udaya B. Halabe
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Alkali Activated Binders ◽  
Alkali Activated

scholarly journals Development of Alkaline-Activated Self-Leveling Hybrid Mortar Ash-Based Composites

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Tambara Júnior ◽  
Malik Cheriaf ◽  
Janaíde Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Alkali Activated ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study investigated the reactivity properties of self-leveling hybrid alkali-activated cements, such as ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and its residual precursors, coal bottom ash (BA), and rice husk ash (RHA). Due to the relatively low reactivity of BA, binary mixes were produced with OPC using contents of 2.5–30% in the treated BA samples. Furthermore, ternary mixes were prepared in proportions of 25%, 50%, and 75% with RHA as a replacement material for the OPC (mix with 90%:10% BA:OPC). For all of the mixes the spreading behaviors were fixed to obtain a self-levelling mortar, and dimensional changes, such as curling and shrinkage, were performed. Mortars with 30% OPC reached a compressive strength of 33.5 MPa and flexural strength of 7.53 MPa. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used to indicate the formation of N-A-S-H and a (N,C)-A-S-H gel, similar to the gel with trace of calcium. The best performance was achieved when the binary mix produced 10% OPC. A hybrid mortar of OPS-BA presented 10 times lower susceptibility to curling than an OPC mortar. The results showed that both ashes reduced the shrinkage and curling phenomena.

scholarly journals Spent FCC Catalyst for Preparing Alkali-Activated Binders: An Opportunity for a High-Degree Valorization

2014 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro M. Tashima ◽  
Lourdes Soriano ◽  
Jorge L. Akasaki ◽  
Vinicius N. Castaldelli ◽  
J.M. Monzó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Spent Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Alkali Activated Binders ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Pozzolanic Properties ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Alkali Activated ◽  
Microstructural Studies

Spent FCC catalyst is a waste from the petrochemical industry which has excellent pozzolanic properties, containing more than 90% silica and alumina. Its similarity to metakaolin creates interesting prospects for its use in the production of alkali-activated binders. In this study, the alkali activation of this residue, spent FCC catalyst, through mixtures with alkali hydroxide and silicate solutions (both sodium and potassium) has been carried out. The alkali cation had an important role in the nature of AA-FCC pastes: some differences in the mass loss in the thermogravimetric tests and in the X-ray mineral characterization were found. No significant differences in compressive strength were observed for mortars cured for 3 days in several conditions: room temperature and 65oC. Prepared AA-FCC mortars had a compressive strength of about 65-70 MPa. Microstructural studies showed that an amorphous, dense and compact microstructure was obtained, independent of the activating solution and curing condition.

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