scholarly journals A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-based Dye Displacement Assay for the Rapid Visual Detection of Amphetamine in Urine

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5222
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Lowdon ◽  
Kasper Eersels ◽  
Rocio Arreguin-Campos ◽  
Manlio Caldara ◽  
Benjamin Heidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Selective Method ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Synthetic Receptor ◽  
Displacement Assay ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Visual Confirmation

The rapid sensing of drug compounds has traditionally relied on antibodies, enzymes and electrochemical reactions. These technologies can frequently produce false positives/negatives and require specific conditions to operate. Akin to antibodies, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are a more robust synthetic alternative with the ability to bind a target molecule with an affinity comparable to that of its natural counterparts. With this in mind, the research presented in this article introduces a facile MIP-based dye displacement assay for the detection of (±) amphetamine in urine. The selective nature of MIPs coupled with a displaceable dye enables the resulting low-cost assay to rapidly produce a clear visual confirmation of a target’s presence, offering huge commercial potential. The following manuscript characterizes the proposed assay, drawing attention to various facets of the sensor design and optimization. To this end, synthesis of a MIP tailored towards amphetamine is described, scrutinizing the composition and selectivity (ibuprofen, naproxen, 2-methoxphenidine, quetiapine) of the reported synthetic receptor. Dye selection for the development of the displacement assay follows, proceeded by optimization of the displacement process by investigating the time taken and the amount of MIP powder required for optimum displacement. An optimized dose–response curve is then presented, introducing (±) amphetamine hydrochloride (0.01–1 mg mL−1) to the engineered sensor and determining the limit of detection (LoD). The research culminates in the assay being used for the analysis of spiked urine samples (amphetamine, ibuprofen, naproxen, 2-methoxphenidine, quetiapine, bupropion, pheniramine, bromopheniramine) and evaluating its potential as a low-cost, rapid and selective method of analysis.

scholarly journals Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Combined with Electrochemical Sensors for Food Contaminants Analysis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4607
Author(s):  
Dounia Elfadil ◽  
Abderrahman Lamaoui ◽  
Flavio Della Pelle ◽  
Aziz Amine ◽  
Dario Compagnone
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Imprinted Polymers

Detection of relevant contaminants using screening approaches is a key issue to ensure food safety and respect for the regulatory limits established. Electrochemical sensors present several advantages such as rapidity; ease of use; possibility of on-site analysis and low cost. The lack of selectivity for electrochemical sensors working in complex samples as food may be overcome by coupling them with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). MIPs are synthetic materials that mimic biological receptors and are produced by the polymerization of functional monomers in presence of a target analyte. This paper critically reviews and discusses the recent progress in MIP-based electrochemical sensors for food safety. A brief introduction on MIPs and electrochemical sensors is given; followed by a discussion of the recent achievements for various MIPs-based electrochemical sensors for food contaminants analysis. Both electropolymerization and chemical synthesis of MIP-based electrochemical sensing are discussed as well as the relevant applications of MIPs used in sample preparation and then coupled to electrochemical analysis. Future perspectives and challenges have been eventually given.

scholarly journals Colorimetric Sensing of Amoxicillin Facilitated by Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2221
Author(s):  
Joseph W Lowdon ◽  
Hanne Diliën ◽  
Bart van Grinsven ◽  
Kasper Eersels ◽  
Thomas J. Cleij
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Colorimetric Detection ◽  
Bulk Polymerization ◽  
Colorimetric Sensing ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Synthetic Receptor ◽  
Displacement Assay ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Task Sets

The scope of the presented research orientates itself towards the development of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP)-based dye displacement assay for the colorimetric detection of the antibiotic amoxicillin in aqueous medium. With this in mind, the initial development of an MIP capable of such a task sets focus on monolithic bulk polymerization to assess monomer/crosslinker combinations that have potential towards the binding of amoxicillin. The best performing composition (based on specificity and binding capacity) is utilized in the synthesis of MIP particles by emulsion polymerization, yielding particles that prove to be more homogenous in size and morphology compared to that of the crushed monolithic MIP, which is an essential trait when it comes to the accuracy of the resulting assay. The specificity and selectivity of the emulsion MIP proceeds to be highlighted, demonstrating a higher affinity towards amoxicillin compared to other compounds of the aminopenicillin class (ampicillin and cloxacillin). Conversion of the polymeric receptor is then undertaken, identifying a suitable dye for the displacement assay by means of binding experiments with malachite green, crystal violet, and mordant orange. Once identified, the optimal dye is then loaded onto the synthetic receptor, and the displaceability of the dye deduced by means of a dose response experiment. Alongside the sensitivity, the selectivity of the assay is scrutinized against cloxacillin and ampicillin. Yielding a dye displacement assay that can be used (semi-)quantitatively in a rapid manner.

scholarly journals Molecularly imprinted polymers in biological applications

BioTechniques ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 406-419
Author(s):  
Zahra El-Schich ◽  
Yuecheng Zhang ◽  
Marek Feith ◽  
Sarah Beyer ◽  
Louise Sternbæk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Recognition Elements ◽  
Synthesis Procedure

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are currently widely used and further developed for biological applications. The MIP synthesis procedure is a key process, and a wide variety of protocols exist. The templates that are used for imprinting vary from the smallest glycosylated glycan structures or even amino acids to whole proteins or bacteria. The low cost, quick preparation, stability and reproducibility have been highlighted as advantages of MIPs. The biological applications utilizing MIPs discussed here include enzyme-linked assays, sensors, in vivo applications, drug delivery, cancer diagnostics and more. Indeed, there are numerous examples of how MIPs can be used as recognition elements similar to natural antibodies.

A High-Throughput Screening of N-Carbobenzoxy-L-Tryptophan Imprinted Polymers and their Application for Monolithic Chiral Stationary Phase

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 1525-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Qi ◽  
Li Guo ◽  
Hai Feng Sang
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Chiral Stationary Phase ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Chiral Selectivity

Molecular imprinting is a technique to prepare polymers with predetermined selectivity, specific recognition and predesigned affinity to a desired molecule. The stability and low cost of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) render them attractive for a broad range of applications. Currently, MIP technique has been widely used in chiral separation. In this study, a series of molecularly imprinted polymers for N-Carbobenzoxy-L-tryptophan (N-Cbz-L-Trp) synthesized in different conditions were prepared in a small scale to simulate the monolithic chiral stationary phases (CSPs) primarily. By coupling in situ processing and batch rebinding evaluation, the type of functional monomers, which likely to affect the chiral selectivity of MIPs, was investigated. It was found that a MIP comprising a mixture of functional monomer 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) and porogen 1-dodecanol/toluene exhibited the highest binding capacity and chiral selectivity for N-Carbobenzoxy-L-tryptophan. Thereafter, the monolithic MIP synthesized in screened optimum condition is used as chiral stationary phase in HPLC, which shows favourable separating capacity.

scholarly journals Fluorescent Nanosensor based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Coated on Graphene Quantum Dots for Fast Detection of Antibiotics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongchang Zhou ◽  
Arnab Halder ◽  
Yi Sun
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Imprinted Polymers

In this work, we firstly explored a mild, clean, and highly efficient approach for the synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). GQDs with carboxyl groups or amino groups, were prepared from one-pot environmentally friendly method assisted by hydrogen peroxide, respectively. It was proved that carboxyl groups played an important role in the fluorescence quenching. Based on these findings, we developed a novel fluorescent nanosensor by combining molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with carboxyl functionalized GQDs for the determination of tetracycline (TC) in aqueous samples. The nanocomposite was prepared using a sol-gel process. GQDs-MIPs showed strong fluorescent emission at 410 nm when excited at 360 nm, which was subsequently quenched in the presence of TC. Under optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity of GQDs-MIPs decreased in response to the increase of TC concentration with good linearity rage of 1.0-104 µg L-1. The limit of detection was determined to be 1 µg L-1. The fluorescence intensity of GQDs-MIPs was more strongly quenched by TC compared to the corresponding non-imprinted polymers, GQDs-NIPs. With the high sensitivity, the material was also successfully worked for the detection of TC in real spiked milk samples.

Materials Strategies for Advanced Nano Technology

2007 ◽  
Vol 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Soft Lithography ◽  
Functional Polymers ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Synthetic Receptor ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Molecular Imprinting Technique

AbstractWe demonstrate functional microfabrications generated using photocurable functional polymers. We synthesized photocurable silicon elastomers, which can be useful for high fidelity, nano-scale soft lithography. ‘Elastic photopatterns’ generated by using the designed photocuarble silicon elastomers was presented. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) are produced by “molecular imprinting technique”, which is a general protocol for the preparation of “synthetic receptor sites”. We then used the MIP's system for functional pattern fabrications to improve the sensitivity of molecular recognitions. Those functional microfabrications are beneficial to develop actual devices with high performances.

scholarly journals CdTe0.5S0.5/ZnS Quantum Dots Embedded in a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Selective Optosensing of Dopamine

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiana Khadem-Abbassi ◽  
Hervé Rinnert ◽  
Lavinia Balan ◽  
Zahra Doumandji ◽  
Olivier Joubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Cross Linker

This work describes the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-modified core/shell CdTe0.5S0.5/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The QDs@MIP particles were used for the selective and sensitive detection of dopamine (DA). Acrylamide, which is able to form hydrogen bonds with DA, and ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linker were used for the preparation of the MIP. Highly cross-linked polymer particles with sizes up to 1 µm containing the dots were obtained after the polymerization. After the removal of the DA template, MIP-modified QDs (QDs@MIP) exhibit a high photoluminescence (PL) with an intensity similar to that of QDs embedded in the nonimprinted polymer (NIP). A linear PL decrease was observed upon addition of DA to QDs@MIP and the PL response was in the linear ranges from 2.63 µM to 26.30 µM with a limit of detection of 6.6 nM. The PL intensity of QDs@MIP was quenched selectively by DA. The QDs@MIP particles developed in this work are easily prepared and of low cost and are therefore of high interest for the sensitive and selective detection of DA in biological samples.

scholarly journals Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Surface Imprinted Polymers Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Infectious Diseases

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiyun Cui ◽  
Zhiru Zhou ◽  
H. Susan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Artificial Receptors ◽  
Stability And Accuracy

Owing to their merits of simple, fast, sensitive, and low cost, electrochemical biosensors have been widely used for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. As a critical element, the receptor determines the selectivity, stability, and accuracy of the electrochemical biosensors. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and surface imprinted polymers (SIPs) have great potential to be robust artificial receptors. Therefore, extensive studies have been reported to develop MIPs/SIPs for the detection of infectious diseases with high selectivity and reliability. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of recognition events between imprinted polymers with different biomarkers, such as signaling molecules, microbial toxins, viruses, and bacterial and fungal cells. Then, various preparation methods of MIPs/SIPs for electrochemical biosensors are summarized. Especially, the methods of electropolymerization and micro-contact imprinting are emphasized. Furthermore, applications of MIPs/SIPs based electrochemical biosensors for infectious disease detection are highlighted. At last, challenges and perspectives are discussed.

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Chemiluminescence Sensor Detect Phentolamine in Urine Sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1841-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Huang ◽  
Yan Xiong ◽  
Zhong Bin Ye ◽  
Zhu Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Template Molecule ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
On Line ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Flow Injection Chemiluminescence ◽  
Excellent Stability

Using methacrylic acid (MAA) as monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linker and phentolamine as template molecule, we synthesized phentolamine–molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP). Using phentolamine–MIP as molecule recognizates, based on the oxidation reaction between KMnO4 and phenolamine in acidic, we set up a flow-injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) sensor for phentolamine determination. The sensor was fabricated by packing the MIP particles into a V-shape flow cell. Phentolamine could be selectively on-line adsorbed by the MIPs and then sensed by the oxidation reaction between KMnO4 and phenolamine in acidic.The CL intensity was linear to phentolamine concentration in the range from 2.0 ×10−8 to 6.0 ×10−6 g mL−1 and the limit of detection (L.O.D.) was 6.0 ×10−9 g mL−1 (3σ) with the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) less than 5% (n=11). The sensor showed high selectivity, improved sensitivity and excellent stability and reversibility compared with the CL method without using MIPs. The lifetime of the sensor was investigated and MIPs could be reused for more than 200 times. Using the method to determine phentolamine in human urine, the recoveries of phentolamine is 100.0% to 104.0%, the result is pretty good.

Molecularly imprinted polymers on multi-walled carbon nanotubes as an efficient absorbent for preconcentration of morphine and its chemiluminometric determination

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (96) ◽  
pp. 93445-93452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Lotfi ◽  
Sepideh Karimi ◽  
Javad Hassanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Selective Method ◽  
Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

A simple and selective method was described for the determination of morphine based on its preconcentration by molecularly imprinted polymers on multi-walled carbon nanotubes prior to its chemiluminometric recognition.

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