Bionic effects of nano hydroxyapatite dentifrice on demineralised surface of enamel post orthodontic debonding: in-vivo split mouth study

Abstract Background Orthodontic debonding procedure produces inevitable enamel surface alterations, sequelae to which are enamel demineralization, sensitivity and retention of pigments. Several agents have been employed to counterbalance the same. The purpose of this study was (1) To evaluate the hypothesis that no significant difference exists in the remineralising potential of nano hydroxyapatite (NanoHAP) dentifrice and fluoridated dentifrice after orthodontic debonding, (2) To estimate the enamel topographic parameters following use of nano HAP dentifrice, post orthodontic debonding. Methods Sixty upper first bi-cuspids (30 subjects) planned for therapeutic extraction for the orthodontic treatment were bonded with a light cured adhesive. Envelope method of randomisation was followed in this prospective in-vivo study. In each subject, one of the first premolar brackets was debonded using a debonding plier and polished following standard protocols. Envelope method of randomisation was used to determine the side of the premolar to be debonded first. Patient was advised to use fluoridated (Group I) dentifrice for the first 15 days, then the first premolar was covered with a heavy-bodied putty cap, extracted and subjected to atomic force microscopy (AFM). Contralateral first premolar was then debonded and polished using similar protocol, and patient was advised to use nano hydroxyapatite dentifrice (Group II) for next 15 days. The premolar was then extracted and analyzed for surface roughness using AFM. The remineralizing potential of dentifrices was assessed by evaluating surface roughness parameters of the two groups and were compared using a two-sample t test. Results A significant difference was found amongst Group I (Fluoridated dentifrice) and Group II (NanoHAP dentifrice) (p > 0.001***) for enamel surface roughness variables which reflect remineralising potential of dentifrices. Group II showed significantly lesser value of surface roughness characteristics. Conclusions NanoHAP dentifrice was shown, after 15 days, to be superior to fluoridated dentifrice in remineralising enamel post orthodontic debonding.

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Comparison of the Enamel Surface Roughness from Different Polishing Methods: Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1709945 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (02) ◽

pp. 299-305

Author(s):

Kiatanan Sugsompian ◽

Ratchawan Tansalarak ◽

Thosapol Piyapattamin

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Atomic Force Microscopy ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Similar Data ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract Objective This study aimed to compare the enamel surface roughness created by four polishing methods after debonding, by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Materials and Methods Four experimental polishing groups (Sof-Lex disc, SD; sandblaster, SB; tungsten carbide bur, TB; and white stone bur, WB) and one control group were selected from 100 premolars (n = 20/group). The experimental teeth were bonded with a bracket, thermocycled, and debonded. Residual adhesive was removed by either of the respective methods. Pre and postdebonding root mean square (Rq) values were obtained from AFM evaluations. All specimens were examined and evaluated with SEM using a modified enamel surface index (modified ESI). Statistical Analysis Differences among the polishing methods were compared with analysis of variance and Fisher’s least significant difference test at p < 0.05. Results Both microscopic evaluations indicated that the surface with the greatest roughness herein belonged to the SD group, followed by that for SB, TB, and WB groups. AFM measurements indicated a maximum postdebonding Rq herein for the WB group and a significantly greater surface roughness for the TB and WB groups than for the SD and SB groups. Among the experimental groups, SEM followed by modified ESI evaluations revealed similar data to those obtained with AFM. Significant differences were seen among all paired groups, except for that between the SB and TB groups. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, all four polishing methods were concluded to be clinically acceptable for removing residual orthodontic adhesives.

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Differences in surface roughness of enamel after whey-extract application and CPP-ACP in post extracoronal-tooth bleaching

Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia ◽

10.22146/majkedgiind.26859 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Afiatul Mukarromah ◽

Irfan Dwiandhono ◽

Dian Noviyanti Agus Imam

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Tooth Bleaching ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii ◽

Bleaching Treatment

Demineralization is a process of partial or full tooth mineral loss which caused by acidic environment, for example the side effect of extracoronal bleaching treatment. Demineralization increases enamel surface roughness which leads plaque accumulation. Whey extract and calcium phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phophate (CPP-ACP) contain calcium and phosphate that can stop the demineralization through remineralization process. This study aimed to determine the differences of enamel surface roughness after whey extract and CPP-ACP application post- extracoronal bleaching. Experimental laboratory with pre- and post-test control group design was performed on 24 first maxillary premolars which devided into 3 groups. On group I, specimens were immersed in artificial saliva. Specimens in group II were immersed in whey extract meanwhile specimens were immersed in CPP-ACP on group III. Whey extract and CPP-ACP immersions were conducted 10 minutes every 12 hours for 15 days. The enamel surface roughness test was performed twice, after extracoronal bleaching treatment and after 15 days remineralization agent application. This study result indicated significant differences between group I and group II and between group I and group III (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between group II and group III (p>0.05). This study showed whey extract decreased more enamel surface roughness than CPP-ACP but the difference was not significant statistically. So, whey extract and CPP-ACP showed similar remineralization potential.

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Surface Roughness of Commercial Composites after Different Polishing Protocols: An Analysis with Atomic Force Microscopy

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210601004010191 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 191-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Luca Giacomelli ◽

Giacomo Derchi ◽

Andrea Frustaci ◽

Orlando Bruno ◽

Ugo Covani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Bacterial Colonization ◽

Average Height ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Composite Surface ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Significant Difference

Background and Aims: Polishing may increase the surface roughness of composites, with a possible effect on bacterial growth and material properties. This preliminary in vitro study evaluates the effect of three different polishing systems (PoGo polishers, Enhance, Venus Supra) on six direct resin composites (Gradia Direct, Venus, Venus Diamond, Enamel Plus HFO, Tetric Evoceram, Filtek Supreme XT). Materials and Methods: For each composite, 12 square specimens were prepared: 9 specimens were polished, three for each different method, while three specimens were used as controls. Surface roughness was determined with AFM by measuring Root Mean Square (RMS) of average height. Results: PoGo polisher determined a significantly rougher surface, versus controls, in 5 out of 6 composites evaluated. Some significant differences from unpolished controls were observed also for Enhance polishing. Polishing with Venus Supra did not result in any significant difference in surface roughness versus controls. No differences were observed between different polishing systems. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that Venus Supra polishing system could determine a smoother composite surface if compared to the other polishing systems tested. On this basis, we are conducting an in vivo study to evaluate bacterial colonization on some combinations of composites and polishing protocols.

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Assessing the Functional Properties of TiZr Nanotubular Structures for Biomedical Applications, through Nano-Scratch Tests and Adhesion Force Maps

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26040900 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 900

Author(s):

Maria Vardaki ◽

Aida Pantazi ◽

Ioana Demetrescu ◽

Marius Enachescu

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Functional Properties ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Adhesion Force ◽

Roughness Parameters ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

The Mean ◽

Scratch Tests

In this work we present the results of a functional properties assessment via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-based surface morphology, surface roughness, nano-scratch tests and adhesion force maps of TiZr-based nanotubular structures. The nanostructures have been electrochemically prepared in a glycerin + 15 vol.% H2O + 0.2 M NH4F electrolyte. The AFM topography images confirmed the successful preparation of the nanotubular coatings. The Root Mean Square (RMS) and average (Ra) roughness parameters increased after anodizing, while the mean adhesion force value decreased. The prepared nanocoatings exhibited a smaller mean scratch hardness value compared to the un-coated TiZr. However, the mean hardness (H) values of the coatings highlight their potential in having reliable mechanical resistances, which along with the significant increase of the surface roughness parameters, which could help in improving the osseointegration, and also with the important decrease of the mean adhesion force, which could lead to a reduction in bacterial adhesion, are providing the nanostructures with a great potential to be used as a better alternative for Ti implants in dentistry.

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Surface of Alumina Films after Prolonged Breakdowns in Galvanostatic Anodization

International Journal of Electrochemistry ◽

10.4061/2011/126726 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christian Girginov ◽

Stephan Kozhukharov

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Atomic Force Microscopy ◽

Electrode Surface ◽

Roughness Parameters ◽

Anodic Films ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Alumina Films ◽

Anodization Time ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Current Densities

Breakdown phenomena are investigated at continuous isothermal (20∘C) and galvanostatic (0.2–5 mA cm−2) anodizing of aluminum in ammonium salicylate in dimethylformamide (1 M AS/DMF) electrolyte. From the kinetic -curves, the breakdown voltage () values are estimated, as well as the frequency and amplitude of oscillations of formation voltage () at different current densities. The surface of the aluminum specimens was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Data on topography and surface roughness parameters of the electrode after electric breakdowns are obtained as a function of anodization time. The electrode surface of anodic films, formed with different current densities until the same charge density has passed (2.5 C cm−2), was assessed. Results are discussed on the basis of perceptions of avalanche mechanism of the breakdown phenomena, due to the injection of electrons and their multiplication in the volume of the film.

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Protein Adsorption to Titanium and Zirconia Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Method

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/1521593 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

You Kusakawa ◽

Eiji Yoshida ◽

Tohru Hayakawa

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Protein Adsorption ◽

Quartz Crystal Microbalance ◽

Quartz Crystal ◽

Adsorption Rate ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

A Cell ◽

Addition Amount

Protein adsorption onto titanium (Ti) or zirconia (ZrO2) was evaluated using a 27 MHz quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). As proteins, fibronectin (Fn), a cell adhesive protein, and albumin (Alb), a cell adhesion-inhibiting protein, were evaluated. The Ti and ZrO2 sensors for QCM were characterized by atomic force microscopy and electron probe microanalysis observation, measurement of contact angle against water, and surface roughness. The amounts of Fn and Alb adsorbed onto the Ti and ZrO2 sensors and apparent reaction rate were obtained using QCM measurements. Ti sensor showed greater adsorption of Fn and Alb than the ZrO2 sensor. In addition, amount of Fn adsorbed onto the Ti or ZrO2 sensors was higher than that of Alb. The surface roughness and hydrophilicity of Ti or ZrO2 may influence the adsorption of Fn or Alb. With regard to the adsorption rate, Alb adsorbed more rapidly than Fn onto Ti. Comparing Ti and ZrO2, Alb adsorption rate to Ti was faster than that to ZrO2. Fn adsorption will be effective for cell activities, but Alb adsorption will not. QCM method could simulate in vivo Fn and Alb adsorption to Ti or ZrO2.

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Surface Roughness

Tribology on the Small Scale ◽

10.1093/oso/9780199609802.003.0002 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 28-53

Author(s):

C. Mathew Mate ◽

Robert W. Carpick

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Atomic Force Microscopy ◽

Contact Friction ◽

Radius Of Curvature ◽

Roughness Parameters ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Fractal Surfaces ◽

Atomic Force ◽

The Mean ◽

Physical Phenomena

When two surfaces are brought into contact, they first touch where the summits of the surface asperities make contact. Consequently, surface roughness or topography strongly influences those physical phenomena associated with contact: friction, adhesion, and wear. This chapter discusses techniques for measuring the roughness of surfaces and the parameters frequently used to characterize this roughness. As atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical interferometry are currently the predominant tools for characterizing roughness, these techniques are discussed at some length. Examples are given for determining not only the standard roughness parameters (the standard deviation of surface heights, the mean radius of curvature of asperity summits, waviness, and the average and rms of surface heights), but also for determining the surface roughness power spectrum, which has gained importance in recent tribology theories. The topography of self-affine fractal surfaces is also discussed along with the tribological importance of these surfaces.

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MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF CAD/CAM FABRICATED DENTURES & ITS CORRELATION WITH SURFACE PROPERTIES: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/13767 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 486-497

Author(s):

Mohamed A. Abuheikal ◽

◽

Sherihan M. Eissa ◽

Hisham S. El Gabry ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Surface Properties ◽

Complete Dentures ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Cad Cam ◽

3D Printed ◽

Group Ii

Background: Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) techniques have lately become a popular treatment option for complete dentures fabrication. The two principal CAD-CAM techniques milling and 3D printing used in complete dentures construction have been approved and documented in showing clinically good results. Surface characteristics of dentures fabricated by these new techniques have a great effect on microbiological adherence to denture fitting surfaces. Aim: As other clinical trials and/or in-vitro studies evaluating the microbiological effect and its correlation with the surface roughness of the two advanced manufacturing techniques and comparing it with the conventional technique are lacking. Thus, this study aimed to further assess the microbiological and surface properties of different widely used denture base materials. Methodology: Thirty-six completely edentulous patients were selected and divided randomly into three groups Group I patients received conventional complete denture, Group II patients received CAD/CAM milled complete dentures and Group III patients received 3D printed complete dentures. All denture`s surface roughness were evaluated, also all patients were recalled after 3, 9 & 12 months respectively to evaluate the microbiological adherence. Results: Microbiological count significantly increased (P < 0.05) after 12 months in all groups, after 12 months there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between three groups as group II (Milled) was significantly the lowest, then the group I (conventional), while group III (3D printed) was significantly the highest. Regarding surface roughness of group II (milled) was significantly the lowest, while group III (3D printed) was significantly the highest. Finally, there was a strong positive significant correlation between microbiological adherence and surface roughness in all groups as (r > 0.5). Conclusion: Group II (Milled) appeared to be the best regarding microbiological adherence and surface roughness followed by the group I (conventional) and finally group III (3D printed). Furthermore, it was evident that surface roughness has a great effect on microbiological adherence regardless of the fabrication technique utilized.

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In vivo killing of Staphylococcus aureus by toluidine blue-mediated photosensitization in an animal model wounds

ConScientiae Saúde ◽

10.5585/conssaude.v7i4.1415 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 423-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paulo de Tarso Camillo De Carvalho ◽

Filipe Abdalla dos Reis ◽

Ana Carulina Guimarães Belchior ◽

Baldomero Antônio Kato da Silva ◽

Daniel Martins Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Animal Model ◽

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Toluidine Blue ◽

Therapy Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

The aims of this study were to determine whether S. aureus could be killed by toluidine blue-mediated photosensitization in vivo in an animal model. Twelve Wistar rats divided into three groups (n = 12): Group I: Control Group, the wounds were made and submitted to the application of the laser without the drug photosensitizing; Group II: The implementation of wounds received the toluidine blue, without application of laser; Group III: it was used toluidine blue, and application of laser-Indio phosphide Gallium-Aluminum (InGaAIP)  660nm power and density of 20 Joules/cm2. Statistical analysis of CFU by analysis of variance Kruskal-Wallis test shows significant intraoperative difference, photodynamic therapy group (p 0, 05), the Dunns post hoc test shows significant difference between Group I when compared to Group II treated with LLLT (p 0001). The results of this study show that photodynamic therapy with toluidine blue has reduced the number of Staphylococcus aureus in vivo.

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Effect of Hydrofluoric Acid Surface Treatments on Surface Roughness and Three-Point Flexural Strength of Suprinity Ceramic

Frontiers in Dentistry ◽

10.18502/fid.v17i22.4316 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nazanin Keshmiri ◽

Homayoon Alaghehmand ◽

Faraneh Mokhtarpour

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Hydrofluoric Acid ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Etching Time ◽

Control Group ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentration and etching time on the surface roughness (SR) and three-point flexural strength of Suprinity and to analyze the surface elements before and after etching. Materials and Methods: To measure the SR, 70 specimens of Suprinity (2×4×5mm3) were assigned to seven groups (n=10). Six groups were etched for 20, 60, and 120 seconds with 5% and 10% HF and 7th group was the control group. Specimens were evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). One specimen from each group was used to analyze the surface elements using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For measuring the three-point flexural strength, 60 specimens were divided into six groups (n=10) and etched as previously described. The flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine. T-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses (P<0.05). Results: The 10% concentration of HF caused higher SR compared to the 5% HF. The effect of HF concentration on the flexural strength was significantly different in the 20- and 60-second etching groups. Different etching times had no significantly different effect on the SR. With 5% HF, the flexural strength was significantly higher for 20-second etching time than for the etching times of 60 and 120 seconds. With 10% HF, there was a significant difference in flexural strength between etching times of 20 and 120 seconds. The atomic percentage (at%) of silica was enhanced by increasing the etching time. Conclusions: The best surface etching protocol comprises 10% HF used for 20 seconds.

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