scholarly journals Tunable Viscoelastic Properties of Sodium Polyacrylate Solution via CO2-Responsive Switchable Water

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3840
Author(s):  
Dianguo Wu ◽  
Yiwen Shi ◽  
Kun Lv ◽  
Bing Wei ◽  
Youyi Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Viscoelastic Fluids ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Sodium Polyacrylate ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Molecular Conformations ◽  
Viscous Solution ◽  
Recent Attention ◽  
Potential Use

Upon stimulus by CO2, CO2-switchable viscoelastic fluids experience a deliberate transition between non-viscous and highly viscous solution states. Despite attracting considerable recent attention, most such fluids have not been applied at a large- scale due to their high costs and/or complex synthesis processes. Here, we report the development of CO2-switchable viscoelastic fluids using commercially available sodium polyacrylate (NaPAA) and N,N-dimethyl ethanol amine (DMEA)-based switchable water. Upon bubbling CO2, into the solutions under study, DMEA molecules are protonated to generate quaternary ammonium salts, resulting in pronounced decreases in solutions viscosity and elasticity due to the influence of increased ionic strength on NaPAA molecular conformations. Upon removal of CO2 via introduction of N2, quaternary salts are deprotonated to tertiary amines, allowing recovery of fluid viscosity and elasticity to near the initial state. This work provides a simple approach to fabricating CO2-switchable viscoelastic fluids, widening the potential use of CO2 in stimuli-responsive applications.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Low-Cost Commercial Actigraph and Its Potential Use in Detecting Cultural Variations in Physical Activity and Sleep

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3774
Author(s):  
Pavlos Topalidis ◽  
Cristina Florea ◽  
Esther-Sevil Eigl ◽  
Anton Kurapov ◽  
Carlos Alberto Beltran Leon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Scale Step ◽  
Potential Use

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a low-cost commercial smartwatch, the Xiaomi Mi Band (MB), in extracting physical activity and sleep-related measures and show its potential use in addressing questions that require large-scale real-time data and/or intercultural data including low-income countries. We evaluated physical activity and sleep-related measures and discussed the potential application of such devices for large-scale step and sleep data acquisition. To that end, we conducted two separate studies. In Study 1, we evaluated the performance of MB by comparing it to the GT3X (ActiGraph, wGT3X-BT), a scientific actigraph used in research, as well as subjective sleep reports. In Study 2, we distributed the MB across four countries (Austria, Germany, Cuba, and Ukraine) and investigated physical activity and sleep among these countries. The results of Study 1 indicated that MB step counts correlated highly with the scientific GT3X device, but did display biases. In addition, the MB-derived wake-up and total-sleep-times showed high agreement with subjective reports, but partly deviated from GT3X predictions. Study 2 revealed similar MB step counts across countries, but significant later wake-up and bedtimes for Ukraine than the other countries. We hope that our studies will stimulate future large-scale sensor-based physical activity and sleep research studies, including various cultures.

A Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel Array Fabrication Scheme for Large-Scale and Wearable Microfluidic Valving

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1115-1117
Author(s):  
Jiawei Tan ◽  
Haisong Lin ◽  
Shuyu Lin ◽  
Wenzhuo Yu ◽  
Jialun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Array Fabrication

scholarly journals A new pest management research facility Scions largescale precision track sprayer

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
S.F. Gous ◽  
T.M. Withers ◽  
A.J. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Application Research ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Research Facility ◽  
Liquid Pressure ◽  
Plant Canopies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Use

A new large scale precision track sprayer has been developed and evaluated for spray deposition and pesticide application research under controlled conditions The spray room is fitted with a 4 m wide electrically driven boom suspended 4 m above ground running on a 12 m long Ibeam It is fitted with 9 independently controlled shut off valves and nozzles Sprays can be applied to live plant canopies up to 3 m tall within a 2 m times; 3 m sample area The number location and type of nozzle on the boom can be altered as can spray liquid pressure and boom speed in order to simulate a wide range of spray application scenarios Calibration of the largescale precision track sprayer has been undertaken for a range of droplet spectra from extremely coarse to very fine This paper documents the calibration results and discusses the potential use of this facility for pesticide application research

scholarly journals Scale-up of the jetcutter technology

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 636-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Pruesse ◽  
Ulrich Jahnz ◽  
Peter Wittlich ◽  
Klaus-Dieter Vorlop
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Viscous Fluids ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
Hydrogel Beads ◽  
Improved Stability

The JetCutter is a new, simple and efficient technology for the high throughput encapsulation of various materials inside spherical beads. Monodisperse beads in the particle size range from approximately 0.2 mm up to several millimeters can be prepared at high throughput rates with the JetCutter. The generation of beads is not limited by the fluid viscosity. Thus, also highly viscous fluids even with high loadings of solids, can be processed, which leads to an improved stability of the resulting beads. The JetCutter technology is available in different scales and corresponding throughputs ranging from lab-scale devices (liters per day) up to large scale installations for industrial production purposes (tons per day). The application of the JetCutter for industrial purposes has been well established by geniaLab?, which currently produces more than 40 tons/year of small hydrogel beads.

Naval Research Laboratory Multiscale Targeting Guidance for T-PARC and TCS-08

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 526-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn A. Reynolds ◽  
James D. Doyle ◽  
Richard M. Hodur ◽  
Hao Jin
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adjoint System ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Naval Research Laboratory ◽  
Naval Research ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Initial State ◽  
The North

Abstract As part of The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC) and the Office of Naval Research’s (ONR’s) Tropical Cyclone Structure-08 (TCS-08) experiments, a variety of real-time products were produced at the Naval Research Laboratory during the field campaign that took place from August through early October 2008. In support of the targeted observing objective, large-scale targeting guidance was produced twice daily using singular vectors (SVs) from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). These SVs were optimized for fixed regions centered over Guam, Taiwan, Japan, and two regions over the North Pacific east of Japan. During high-interest periods, flow-dependent SVs were also produced. In addition, global ensemble forecasts were produced and were useful for examining the potential downstream impacts of extratropical transitions. For mesoscale models, TC forecasts were produced using a new version of the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) developed specifically for tropical cyclone prediction (COAMPS-TC). In addition to the COAMPS-TC forecasts, mesoscale targeted observing products were produced using the COAMPS forecast and adjoint system twice daily, centered on storms of interest, at a 40-km horizontal resolution. These products were produced with 24-, 36-, and 48-h lead times. The nonhydrostatic adjoint system used during T-PARC/TCS-08 contains an exact adjoint to the explicit microphysics. An adaptive response function region was used to target favorable areas for tropical cyclone formation and development. Results indicate that forecasts of tropical cyclones in the western Pacific are very sensitive to the initial state.

The Use of Microbial Coatings, Nutrients and Chemical Defense Systems in Oyster Restoration

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Manning ◽  
Weldon Lane ◽  
Richard Darren Williams ◽  
Matt Cowan ◽  
Marcus Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Defense ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Oyster Spat ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Improve Water Quality ◽  
Oyster Restoration ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractMany oyster species are keystone species that help mitigate shoreline erosion, provide habitats for juvenile fishes, and improve water quality. A number of human-driven factors have led to a decline in their populations worldwide. This article focuses on the chemistry of a novel substrate (nutrient-enriched concrete, or NEC) used to induce settlement and colonization of wild diploid oyster spat and is divided into four sections: (1) composition of the bulk material used for oyster restoration, (2) nutrients added to stimulate growth of bacterial and or algal biofilms, (3) nutrients included for the recently settled oyster spat, and (4) the potential use of natural chemical defense systems to control predators and competing marine life. The goal is to develop a material that can be manufactured and used on a large scale.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera: A short review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
I.A. Raubilu ◽  
U. Isah ◽  
M.A. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Moringa oleifera Lam. (Family Moringaceae) is well – known for its various medicinal properties. It grows wild in the tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, Africa and the Middle East. In Nigeria, Moringa oleifera trees are planted at a large scale especially in the northern part of the country. It has been widely used in the treatment of certain diseases as a traditional medicinal herb. Antimicrobial activity is the most studied property of Moringa oleifera. Many studies have shown that nearly all types of Moringa oleifera tissues exhibit antimicrobial activity including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anti parasitic property. This review describes progress on research conducted to understand the antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera and discusses the potential use of Moringa oleifera in the control of pathogenic microbes. Key words: Antimicrobial activity; Moringa oleifera; pathogenic microbes, control.  

scholarly journals Dynamics of Subsiding Shells in Actively Growing Clouds with Vertical Updrafts

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1353-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Nair ◽  
Thijs Heus ◽  
Maarten van Reeuwijk
Keyword(s):  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Cumulus Clouds ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Shallow Cumulus ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Self Similar

Abstract The dynamics of a subsiding shell at the edges of actively growing shallow cumulus clouds with updrafts is analyzed using direct numerical simulation. The actively growing clouds have a fixed in-cloud buoyancy and velocity. Turbulent mixing and evaporative cooling at the cloud edges generate a subsiding shell that grows with time. A self-similar regime is observed for first- and second-order moments when normalized with respective maximum values. Internal scales derived from integral properties of the flow problem are identified. A self-similarity analysis using these scales reveals that contrary to classical self-similar flows, the turbulent kinetic energy budget terms and velocity moments scale according to the buoyancy and not with the mean velocity. The shell thickness is observed to increase linearly with time. The buoyancy scale remains time invariant and is set by the initial cloud–environment thermodynamics. The shell accelerates ballistically with a magnitude set by the saturation value of the buoyancy of the cloud–environment mixture. In this regime, the shell is buoyancy driven and independent of the in-cloud velocity. Relations are obtained for predicting the shell thickness and minimum velocities by linking the internal scales with external flow parameters. The values thus calculated are consistent with the thickness and velocities observed in typical shallow cumulus clouds. The entrainment coefficient is a function of the initial state of the cloud and the environment, and is shown to be on the same order of magnitude as fractional entrainment rates calculated for large-scale models.

scholarly journals Large Scale Anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Microwave Background Radiation ◽  
Cosmological Data ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

It is now generally accepted that the microwave background radiation, discovered in 1965 (Penzias and Wilson, 1965; Dicke et al., 1965), is cosmological in origin. Measurements of the spectrum of the radiation, discussed earlier in this volume by Blair, are consistent with the idea that the radiation is in fact a relic of a hot, dense, initial state of the Universe – the Big Bang. If the radiation is cosmological, measurements of both its spectrum and its angular distribution are capable of providing important – and remarkably precise – cosmological data.

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