scholarly journals Quantification of Major Bioactive Constituents, Antioxidant Activity, and Enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Whole Coffee Cherries (Coffea arabica) and Their Extracts

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4306
Author(s):  
Boris Nemzer ◽  
Diganta Kalita ◽  
Nebiyu Abshiru
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Chlorogenic Acids ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acids ◽  
Dicaffeoylquinic Acid ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Control Of Diabetes

Coffee cherry is a rich source of chlorogenic acids (CGAs) and caffeine. In this study we examined the potential antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory effects of whole coffee cherries (WCC) and their two extracts on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, which are targets for the control of diabetes and Alzheimer’s diseases. Whole coffee cherry extract 40% (WCCE1) is rich in chlorogenic acid compounds, consisting of a minimum of 40% major isomers, namely 3-caffeoylquinic acids, 4-caffeoylquinic acids, 5-caffeoylquinic acids, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4-feruloylquinc acid, and 5-feruloylquinc acid. Whole coffee cherry extract 70% (WCCE2) is rich in caffeine, with a minimum of 70%. WCCE1 inhibited the activities of digestive enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and WCCE2 inhibited acetylcholinesterase activities with their IC50 values of 1.74, 2.42, and 0.09 mg/mL, respectively. Multiple antioxidant assays—including DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, ORAC, HORAC, NORAC, and SORAC—demonstrated that WCCE1 has strong antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Habitat Affects the Chemical Profile, Allelopathy, and Antioxidant Properties of Essential Oils and Phenolic Enriched Extracts of the Invasive Plant Heliotropium Curassavicum

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad ◽  
Abdelsamed I. Elshamy ◽  
Saud L. Al-Rowaily ◽  
Yasser A. El-Amier
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Chenopodium Murale ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Ic50 Values

The variation in habitat has a direct effect on the plants and as a consequence, changes their content of the bioactive constituents and biological activities. The present study aimed to explore the variation in the essential oils (EOs) and phenolics of Heliotropium curassavicum collected from the coastal and inland habitats. Additionally, we determined their antioxidant and allelopathic activity against the weed, Chenopodium murale. Fifty-six compounds were identified as overall from EOs, from which 25 components were identified from the coastal sample, and 52 from the inland one. Sesquiterpenes were the main class in both samples (81.67% and 79.28%), while mono (3.99% and 7.21%) and diterpenes (2.9% and 1.77%) represented minors, respectively. Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, (-)-caryophyllene oxide, farnesyl acetone, humulene oxide, farnesyl acetone C, and nerolidol epoxy acetate were identified as major compounds. The HPLC analysis of MeOH extracts of the two samples showed that chlorogenic acid, rutin, and propyl gallate are major compounds in the coastal sample, while vanilin, quercetin, and 4′,7-dihydroxyisoflavone are majors in the inland one. The EOs showed considerable phytotoxicity against C. murale with IC50 value of 2.66, 0.59, and 0.70 mg mL−1 for germination, root, and shoot growth, respectively from the inland sample. While the coastal sample attained the IC50 values of 1.58, 0.45, and 0.66 mg mL−1. MeOH extracts revealed stronger antioxidant activity compared to the EOs. Based on IC50 values, the ascorbic acid revealed 3-fold of the antioxidant compared to the EO of the coastal sample and 4-fold regarding the inland sample. However, the ascorbic acid showed 3-fold of the antioxidant activity of the MeOH extracts of coastal and inland samples. Although H. curassavicum is considered as a noxious, invasive plant, the present study revealed that EO and MeOH extracts of the H. curassavicum could be considered as promising, eco-friendly, natural resources for antioxidants as well as weed control, particularly against the weed, C. murale.

DETERMINATION OF QUALITY PARAMETERS, TOXICITY TEST, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, AND α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF 70% ETHANOL EXTRACT BUNGUR LEAVES (LAGERSTROEMIA SPECIOSA L. PERS.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Ratna Djamil ◽  
Yeni Eka Putri
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Lagerstroemia Speciosa ◽  
Ic50 Values

  Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate quality of extract, toxicity test, antioxidant activity, and test the α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory effects of extract of bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa L. Pers.) leaves.Methods: Extraction of leaves was conducted with maceration using 70% ethanol as solvent, followed by extract quality determination that involved extract-specific parameters. The toxicity test was performed by brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method, antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl method, and the researchers used in vitro assay for α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory effects.Results: Organoleptic result of the extract showed that the extract has a thick consistency, greenish-brown color, spicy taste and has not a specific aromatic odor. Phytochemical screening result indicates the presence of the simplicia ethanol extract from bungur leaves containing flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and triterpenoids. The water-soluble content 44.10%, ethanol-soluble content 60.00%, loss on drying 9.35%, water content 7.30%, total ash content 7.71%, acid-insoluble ash content 0.64%, water-soluble ash content 6.22%, ethanol residual content 0.24%, Pb and Cd metals contaminant 0.36 mg/kg and 0.10 mg/kg, microbial contamination of total plate number showed 4.32×102 colony/g, molds and yeasts number ≤1×103 colony/g, BSLT toxicity test with IC50 values of 109.4 μg/mL, antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 26.5 μg/mL and had α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory effects, with IC50 values of 78.6 μg/mL.Conclusion: The standardized extract of bungur (L. speciosa L. Pers.) leaves are toxic, have antioxidant activity, and have α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity.

scholarly journals Characterization of chlorogenic acids (CGA) and nine isomers in an F2 population derived from Coffea arabica L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Iván Loaiza-Campiño ◽  
Andrés Villegas-Hincapié ◽  
Victoria Arana ◽  
Húver Posada
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Chlorogenic Acids ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Coffee Rust ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Dicaffeoylquinic Acid ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Chlorogenic acids (CGA) and their isomers have been associated with sensory attributes of the coffee beverage such as acidity, astringency, and bitterness. They have been linked to coffee rust resistance and acknowledged as bioactive compounds due to their antioxidant power with benefits for human health. The total chlorogenic acids (TCGA) and nine isomers of three groups, caffeoylquinic acid or CQA (5-CQA, 4-CQA, 3-CQA),dicaffeoylquinic acid or diCQA (3,4-diCQA; 3,5-diCQA, 4,5-diCQA) and feruloylquinic acid or FQA (5-FQA, 4-FQA, 3-FQA) were determined in an F2 population of Coffea arabica from the crossbreed (Bourbon x Maragogype) x Timor Hybrid. TCGA contents were quantified by UV-VIS spectrophotometryand High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography - HPLC. The group of caffeoylquinic acids (CQA) represented 82% of the TCGA. From the diCQA, 4,5-diCQA showed lower contents, whereas the highest isomer was 3,5-diCQA. Results per quartile for TCGA-UV and for every isomer showed statistical differences among group averages per isomer. The populationbehaved as a parental Maragogype according to contents of 5-CQA, 3,5-diCQA, and TCGA-UV. TCGA contents were higher in the parental GQ956 derived from the Timor hybrid 832-1, with resistance to coffee rust. From the three groups, the first characteristic of parental Bourbon showed a higher concentration of diCQA and FQA; the second one showeda lower concentration of TCGA and CQA isomers and the third group higher TCGA and 5-CQA concentrations. This research allowed establishing the basis for plant selection in the F2 generation of C. arabica due to the TCGA content and isomers derived from CQA, diCQA, and FQA.

scholarly journals Leafy Stems of Phagnalon saxatile subsp. saxatile from Algeria as a Source of Chlorogenic Acids and Flavonoids with Antioxidant Activity: Characterization and Quantification Using UPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Haddouchi ◽  
Tarik Mohammed Chaouche ◽  
Riadh Ksouri ◽  
Romain Larbat
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chlorogenic Acids ◽  
Synthetic Antioxidants ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acids ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Scavenging Capacity

Phagnalon saxatile subsp. saxatile is a wild species very widespread in Algeria which is utilized for medicinal purposes as analgesic and anticholesterolemic. However, informations are still scarce regarding its phytochemical content. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds from different extracts of its leafy stems. For this purpose, the effects of four extracting solvents were investigated on the content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of this plant. Extracts prepared with polar solvents (methanol and water) contained higher amounts of phenolic compounds and showed better antioxidant activity than extracts with apolar solvents (hexane, dichloromethane). The methanolic extract, richest in total phenolic and total flavonoid, had significant antioxidant activity as regarded by DPPH° scavenging capacity (IC50 of 5.47 µg/mL), ABTS scavenging capacity (IC50 of 63.77 µg/mL) and inhibition of oxidation of linoleic acid (IC50 of 22.71 µg/mL), when compared to synthetic antioxidants. Chlorogenic acids and few flavonoids were identified and quantified by UPLC-DAD-MSn. The di-O-caffeoylquinic acids isomers were the most concentrated phenolics (25.4mg/g DW) in the methanolic extract.

Inhibitory effects of bioaccessible anthocyanins and procyanidins from apple, red grape, cinnamon on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pınar Ercan ◽  
Sedef Nehir El
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Red Grape

Abstract. The goals of this study were to determine and evaluate the bioaccessibility of total anthocyanin and procyanidin in apple (Amasya, Malus communis), red grape (Papazkarası, Vitis vinifera) and cinnamon (Cassia, Cinnamomum) using an in vitro static digestion system based on human gastrointestinal physiologically relevant conditions. Also, in vitro inhibitory effects of these foods on lipid (lipase) and carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) were performed with before and after digested samples using acarbose and methylumbelliferyl oleate (4MUO) as the positive control. While the highest total anthocyanin content was found in red grape (164 ± 2.51 mg/100 g), the highest procyanidin content was found in cinnamon (6432 ± 177.31 mg/100 g) (p < 0.05). The anthocyanin bioaccessibilities were found as 10.2 ± 1%, 8.23 ± 0.64%, and 8.73 ± 0.70% in apple, red grape, and cinnamon, respectively. The procyanidin bioaccessibilities of apple, red grape, and cinnamon were found as 17.57 ± 0.71%, 14.08 ± 0.74% and 18.75 ± 1.49%, respectively. The analyzed apple, red grape and cinnamon showed the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 544 ± 21.94, 445 ± 15.67, 1592 ± 17.58 μg/mL, respectively), α-amylase (IC50 38.4 ± 7.26, 56.1 ± 3.60, 3.54 ± 0.86 μg/mL, respectively), and lipase (IC50 52.7 ± 2.05, 581 ± 54.14, 49.6 ± 2.72 μg/mL), respectively. According to our results apple, red grape and cinnamon have potential to inhibit of lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase digestive enzymes.

Assessment of Cota altissima (L.) J. Gay for phytochemical composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Göger ◽  
Muhammed Allak ◽  
Ali Şen ◽  
Fatih Göger ◽  
Mehmet Tekin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Dicaffeoylquinic Acid ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles

Abstract Phytochemical profiles of essential oil (EO), fatty acids, and n-hexane (CAH), diethyl ether (CAD), ethyl acetate (CAE) and methanol extracts (CAM) of Cota altissima L. J. Gay (syn. Anthemis altissima L.) were investigated as well as their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activites. The essential oil was characterized by the content of acetophenone (35.8%) and β-caryophyllene (10.3%) by GC-MS/FID. Linoleic and oleic acid were found as main fatty acids. The major constituents of the extracts were found to be 5-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, isorhamnetin glucoside, quercetin and quercetin glucoside by LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by scavenging of DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Also, the inhibitory effects on lipoxygenase and α-glucosidase enzymes were determined. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and yeast pathogens. CAM showed the highest antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC50 values of 126.60 and 144.40 μg/mL, respectively. In the anti-inflammatory activity, CAE demonstrated the highest antilipoxygenase activity with an IC50 value of 105.40 μg/mL, whereas, CAD showed the best inhibition of α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 396.40 μg/mL in the antidiabetic activity. CAH was effective against Staphylococcus aureus at MIC = 312.5 µg/mL. This is the first report on antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of different extracts of C. altissima.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity in Rheum emodi Wall (Himalayan Rhubarb)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2555
Author(s):  
Sang Koo Park ◽  
Yoon Kyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Abts Assay ◽  
Ic50 Values

Using natural products as antioxidant agents has been beneficial to replace synthetic products. Efforts have been made to profile the antioxidant capacities of natural resources, such as medicinal plants. The polyphenol content of Himalayan rhubarb, Rheum emodi wall, was measured and the antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and ABTS+ assay, and the oxidative stress was assessed using SOD enzymatic assay. Five different solvent fractions, n-hexane, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and water, were used for screening the antioxidant capacity in effort to determine the optimum extraction solvent. The total phenolic contents for R. emodi fractions ranged from 27.76 to 209.21 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dry weight. DPPH and ABTS+ assay results are presented into IC50 values, ranged from 21.52 to 2448.79 μg/mL and 90.25 to 1718.05 μg/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antioxidant activity among other fractions. Also, n-butanol and water fractions showed significantly lower IC50 values than the positive control in DPPH radical scavenging activity. The IC50 values of SOD assay of fractions ranged from 2.31 to 64.78 μg/mL. A similar result was observed with ethyl acetate fraction showing the highest SOD radical scavenging activity. The study suggests that the ethyl acetate fraction of R. emodi possess the strongest antioxidant activity, thus the most efficient in extracting antioxidant contents. Moreover, a highly significant correlation was shown between total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity screening assays. The compounds related to the antioxidant activity of R. emodi were identified to myricitrin, myricetin 3-galloyl rhamnoside, and myricetin, which have not been reported in studies about R. emodi before.

scholarly journals The Inhibitory Effects of Plant Derivate Polyphenols on the Main Protease of SARS Coronavirus 2 and Their Structure–Activity Relationship

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1924
Author(s):  
Thi Thanh Hanh Nguyen ◽  
Jong-Hyun Jung ◽  
Min-Kyu Kim ◽  
Sangyong Lim ◽  
Jae-Myoung Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Km Value ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The main protease (Mpro) is a major protease having an important role in viral replication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the novel coronavirus that caused the pandemic of 2020. Here, active Mpro was obtained as a 34.5 kDa protein by overexpression in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The optimal pH and temperature of Mpro were 7.5 and 37 °C, respectively. Mpro displayed a Km value of 16 μM with Dabcyl-KTSAVLQ↓SGFRKME-Edans. Black garlic extract and 49 polyphenols were studied for their inhibitory effects on purified Mpro. The IC50 values were 137 μg/mL for black garlic extract and 9–197 μM for 15 polyphenols. The mixtures of tannic acid with puerarin, daidzein, and/or myricetin enhanced the inhibitory effects on Mpro. The structure–activity relationship of these polyphenols revealed that the hydroxyl group in C3′, C4′, C5′ in the B-ring, C3 in the C-ring, C7 in A-ring, the double bond between C2 and C3 in the C-ring, and glycosylation at C8 in the A-ring contributed to inhibitory effects of flavonoids on Mpro.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Antidesma bunius Fruit Extract on Carbohydrate Digestive Enzymes Activity and Protein Glycation In Vitro

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Pattamaporn Aksornchu ◽  
Netima Chamnansilpa ◽  
Sirichai Adisakwattana ◽  
Thavaree Thilavech ◽  
Charoonsri Choosak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ic50 Values

Antidesma bunius (L.) spreng (Mamao) is widely distributed in Northeastern Thailand. Antidesma bunius has been reported to contain anthocyanins, which possess antioxidant and antihypertensive actions. However, the antidiabetic and antiglycation activity of Antidesma bunius fruit extract has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activity of anthocyanin-enriched fraction of Antidesma bunius fruit extract (ABE) against pancreatic α-amylase, intestinal α-glucosidase (maltase and sucrase), protein glycation, as well as antioxidant activity. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) chromatogram revealed that ABE contained phytochemical compounds such as cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, ellagic acid, and myricetin-3-galactoside. ABE inhibited intestinal maltase and sucrase activity with the IC50 values of 0.76 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 1.33 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, ABE (0.25 mg/mL) reduced the formation of fluorescent AGEs and the level of Nε-carboxymethyllysine (Nε-CML) in fructose and glucose-induced protein glycation during four weeks of incubation. During the glycation process, the protein carbonyl and β-amyloid cross structure were decreased by ABE (0.25 mg/mL). In addition, ABE exhibited antioxidant activity through DPPH radical scavenging activity and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) with the IC50 values 15.84 ± 0.06 µg/mL and 166.1 ± 2.40 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) showed an EC50 value of 182.22 ± 0.64 µg/mL. The findings suggest that ABE may be a promising agent for inhibiting carbohydrate digestive enzyme activity, reducing monosaccharide-induced protein glycation, and antioxidant activity.

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