scholarly journals Anti-Fibrotic and Anti-Angiogenic Activities of Osbeckia octandra Leaf Extracts in Thioacetamide-Induced Experimental Liver Cirrhosis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4836
Author(s):  
Sudarma Bogahawaththa ◽  
Suranga P. Kodithuwakku ◽  
Kavindra K. Wijesundera ◽  
Eranga H. Siriweera ◽  
Lalith Jayasinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Chronic Liver Damage

Chronic liver inflammation has become a major global health concern. In the absence of clinical surrogate markers to diagnose inflammatory liver disease, the intervention with effective drugs in modern medicine tends to be late. In Sri Lanka, traditional medical practitioners prescribe herbal preparations from Osbeckia octandra for the prevention and treatment of liver disorders. To test the efficacy of such treatments, we have administered thioacetamide (TAA) to male Wistar rats to induce chronic liver damage (disease control; DC) and examined how various leaf extracts: crude leaf suspension (CLS), boiled leaf extract (BLE), sonicated leaf extract (SLE), methanol leaf extract (MLE) and hexane leaf extract (HLE) of O. octandra ameliorate TAA-induced liver disease. The CLS, BLE and SLE treatments in cirrhotic rats significantly attenuated disease-related changes, such as liver weight and hepato-enzymes. The mRNA levels of Tnf-α were significantly decreased by 3.6, 10 and 3.9 times in CLS, BLE and SLE compared to DC. The same treatments resulted in significantly lower (19.5, 4.2 and 2.4 times) α-Sma levels compared to DC. In addition, Tgf-β1 and Vegf-R2 mRNA expressions were significantly lower with the treatments. Moreover, BLE expressed a strong anti-angiogenic effect. We conclude that CLS, BLE and SLE from O. octandra have potent hepatic anti-fibrotic effects in TAA-induced liver cirrhosis.

scholarly journals Results of liver and spleen endoscopic ultrasonographic elastography predict portal hypertension secondary to chronic liver disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (11) ◽  
pp. E1623-E1632
Author(s):  
Carlos Robles-Medranda ◽  
Roberto Oleas ◽  
Miguel Puga-Tejada ◽  
Manuel Valero ◽  
Raquel Del Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Spleen Stiffness ◽  
Eus Elastography ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background and study aims Assessment of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-elastography of the liver and spleen may identify patients with portal hypertension secondary to chronic liver disease. We aimed to evaluate use of EUS-elastography of the liver and spleen in identification of portal hypertension in patients with chronic liver disease. Patients and methods This was a single-center, diagnostic cohort study. Consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension underwent EUS-elastography of the liver and spleen. Patients without a history of liver disease were enrolled as controls. The primary outcome was diagnostic yield of liver and spleen stiffness measurement via EUS-elastography in prediction of portal hypertension secondary to chronic liver cirrhosis. Cutoff values were defined through Youden’s index. Overall accuracy was calculated for parameters with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve ≥ 80 %. Results Among the 61 patients included, 32 had cirrhosis of the liver. Liver and spleen stiffness was measured by the strain ratio and strain histogram, with sensitivity/(1 − specificity) AUROC values ≥ 80 %. For identification of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, the liver strain ratio (SR) had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 84.3 %, 82.8 %, 84.4 %, and 82.8 %, respectively; the liver strain histogram (SH) had values of 87.5 %, 69.0 %, 75.7 %, and 83.3 %, respectively. EUS elastography of the spleen via the SR reached a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 87.5 %, 69.0 %, 75.7 %, and 83.3 %, respectively, whereas the values of SH were 56.3 %, 89.7 %, 85.7 %, and 65.0 %, respectively. Conclusion Endoscopic ultrasonographic elastography of the liver and spleen is useful for diagnosis of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis.

scholarly journals The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Liver Cirrhosis Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Na Young Lee ◽  
Ki Tae Suk
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases

Liver cirrhosis is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide. In addition to viral hepatitis, diseases such as steatohepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, sclerosing cholangitis and Wilson’s disease can also lead to cirrhosis. Moreover, alcohol can cause cirrhosis on its own and exacerbate chronic liver disease of other causes. The treatment of cirrhosis can be divided into addressing the cause of cirrhosis and reversing liver fibrosis. To this date, there is still no clear consensus on the treatment of cirrhosis. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in potential treatments that modulate the gut microbiota and gut-liver axis for the treatment of cirrhosis. According to recent studies, modulation of the gut microbiome by probiotics ameliorates the progression of liver disease. The precise mechanism for relieving cirrhosis via gut microbial modulation has not been identified. This paper summarizes the role and effects of the gut microbiome in cirrhosis based on experimental and clinical studies on absorbable antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Moreover, it provides evidence of a relationship between the gut microbiome and liver fibrosis.

scholarly journals Burden of Liver Cirrhosis in Portugal between 2010 and 2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
João Manuel Silva ◽  
Mário Jorge Silva ◽  
Filipe Calinas ◽  
Paulo Jorge Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Liver cirrhosis is a prevalent disease in Portugal. Recent changes in alcohol consumption, as well as the wide use of direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C since 2015, may be contributing to changes in the national burden of liver cirrhosis in the last few years. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We aim to characterize the burden of cirrhosis in Portugal between 2010 and 2017. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> We analyzed all hospital admission episodes due to cirrhosis in Portugal Mainland between 2010 and 2017, registered in the national Diagnosis-Related Group database, according to etiology of cirrhosis. We also analyzed data on mortality and potential years of life lost from liver cirrhosis and chronic liver disease, retrieved from Statistics Portugal (National Institute for Statistics). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Between 2010 and 2017, a total of 51,438 admissions for liver cirrhosis occurred in Portugal. The annual number of admissions decreased (<i>p</i> = 0.044) during the analyzed period. The most frequent cause of cirrhosis was alcoholic liver disease, present in 78.9% of all admissions (<i>n</i> = 40,595), followed by chronic hepatitis C virus infection, present in 11.3% (<i>n</i> = 5,823). A male predominance was identified in the admissions for every analyzed cause of cirrhosis. Annual admissions for alcoholic cirrhosis remained stable (<i>p</i> = 0.075) during the 8-year period. The same stable tendency was observed in the number of admissions for cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C virus (<i>p</i> = 0.861) and alcohol plus hepatitis C virus infection (<i>p</i> = 0.082), although these admissions for hepatitis C-related cirrhosis increased until 2014–2015 and steadily decreased thereafter. Annual deaths due to liver cirrhosis and chronic liver disease decreased from 1,357 in 2010 to 1,038 in 2017 (<i>p</i> = 0.002). The number of potential years of life lost decreased as well in the period (<i>p</i> = 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The burden of cirrhosis, evaluated by hospital admissions, mortality, and potential years of life lost, decreased in Portugal between 2010 and 2017.

scholarly journals Chronic liver disease promotes lesions of the colorectal adenoma‐carcinoma sequence, independent of liver cirrhosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelie S. Troschel ◽  
Alexander Miks ◽  
Fabian M. Troschel ◽  
Anna Hüsing-Kabar ◽  
Miriam Maschmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Colorectal Adenoma ◽  
Chronic Liver

Liver cirrhosis: Child-Pugh grading of cases seen in Nigeria

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Ndububa ◽  
O S Ojo ◽  
A O Aladegbaiye ◽  
R A Adebayo ◽  
V A Adetiloye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Time Of Presentation

Child-Pugh grading is an important determinant of treatment options, surgical interventions and prognosis in chronic liver disease. Sixty-four liver cirrhosis patients (49 men, 15 women) seen at Ile-Ife, Nigeria were graded according to the Child-Pugh parameters. Only one (1.6%) was in Class A, while 21 (32.8%) and 42 (65.6%) were in Classes B and C, respectively. Thirty-four either had coagulopathy or were already in encephalopathy at the time of presentation. Hepatitis B virus-associated disease was present in 64% of the patients. Most Nigerian cirrhosis patients present with very advanced disease; they are thus poor-risk candidates for diagnostic procedures and surgery. Efforts should be intensified at making the diagnosis at a much earlier stage and universal immunization with the hepatitis B vaccine should be commenced to reduce the incidence of HBV-related chronic liver disease in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Impaired Expression of Type I and Type II Interferon Receptors in HCV-Associated Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cirrhosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e108616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha K. Chandra ◽  
Feyza Gunduz ◽  
Sidhartha Hazari ◽  
Ramazan Kurt ◽  
Rajesh Panigrahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii

scholarly journals Cell Therapy for Liver Disease Using Bioimaging Rats

Cell Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Haga ◽  
Shin Enosawa ◽  
Eiji Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Damage

Advances in stem cell research suggest that cell therapy is a potential alternative to liver transplantation. The use of individualized and minimally invasive cell therapy is desirable to avoid rejection and reduce patient burden. While allo-hepatocyte transplantation has been performed for metabolic hepatic disease, auto-bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has shifted toward mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation for liver cirrhosis. In this article, an overview of cell transplantation research for liver disease is provided through our recent rat studies. We have developed various kinds of rat imaging models and have evaluated the effect of cell therapy for liver disease. Bone marrow cells (BMCs) of the Alb-DsRed2 rat were transplanted via the portal vein (PV) in acute and chronic liver damage models. The number of Alb-DsRed2+ albumin-producing cells increased, and the size of the cells increased in the chronic liver damage model as well as in the acute liver damage model. Luciferase transgenic (luc-Tg) rat hepatocytes were transplanted into the hepatectomized LEW rat via the PV. Luminescence intensity lasted for 2 months in the hepatectomized rat. BMCs obtained from green fluorescent protein (GFP) Tg rats were transplanted repeatedly via the PV using an implanted catheter with a port. Repeated BMT via the PV reduced the liver fibrosis. Adipocyte-derived MSCs from the luc-Tg rat were transplanted into the hepatectomized rat model via the PV after ischemic reperfusion. MSCs inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis and promoted liver regeneration. Transplanting the optimal number of cells by an effective and safe way is important for clinical application. Bioimaging rats are a powerful tool for cell transplantation research because it makes observation of the in vivo kinetics of transplanted cells possible. Cell transplantation research using bioimaging rats contributes greatly to evaluating effective methods of cell therapy.

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