Trial Proteomic Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Protein Matrix of Submandibular Sialoliths

Our studies aimed to explore the protein components of the matrix of human submandibular gland sialoliths. A qualitative analysis was carried out based on the filter aided sample preparation (FASP) methodology. In the protein extraction process, we evaluated the applicability of the standard demineralization step and the use of a lysis buffer containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dithiothreitol (DTT). The analysis of fragmentation spectra based on the human database allowed for the identification of 254 human proteins present in the deposits. In addition, the use of multi-round search in the PEAKS Studio program against the bacterial base allowed for the identification of 393 proteins of bacterial origin present in the extract obtained from sialolith, which so far has not been carried out for this biological material. Furthermore, we successfully applied the SWATH methodology, allowing for a relative quantitative analysis of human proteins present in deposits. The obtained results correlate with the classification of sialoliths proposed by Tretiakow. The performed functional analysis allowed for the first time the selection of proteins, the levels of which differ between the tested samples, which may suggest the role of these proteins in the calcification process in different types of sialoliths. These are preliminary studies, and drawing specific conclusions requires research on a larger group, but it provides us the basis for the continuation of the work that has already begun.

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A comparative study on the extraction effects of common agents on collagen-based binders in mural paintings

Heritage Science ◽

10.1186/s40494-021-00519-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jianghao Du ◽

Zhanyun Zhu ◽

Junchang Yang ◽

Jia Wang ◽

Xiaotong Jiang

Keyword(s):

Protein Structure ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Protein Extraction ◽

Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum ◽

Mural Paintings ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn this paper, a comparative study was conducted on the extraction effects of six agents for collagen-based mural painting binders. These agents were used to extract the residual proteins in the non-aged and thermal aged samples. The protein extraction efficiencies of different extracting agents were quantitatively determined by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method, and then processed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The impact of the extraction process on the protein structure was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), ultraviolet absorption spectrum (UV) and circular dichroism (CD). The results showed that, for both non-aged and aged samples, the extraction efficiency of 2 M guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) was significantly higher than the other five agents, with less damage to the protein structure during the extraction process.

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Modern Museum and Paramuseum: Existential Alienation and Actualization

Ideas and Ideals ◽

10.17212/2075-0862-2021-13.3.2-410-425 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3-2) ◽

pp. 410-425

Author(s):

Denis Ignatyev ◽

◽

Anastasia Nikiforova ◽

Keyword(s):

Cultural Memory ◽

Cultural Objects ◽

The Past ◽

Synergistic Approach ◽

Historical Objects ◽

First Time ◽

Scientific Life ◽

Northwestern Russia

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of alienation of culture in a modern museum and the processes of actualization of objects and phenomena of history in the space of the paramuseum. In the center of the author’s attention is the theme of creating the illusion of existential comfort. It explores the contradiction between the need for museification of culture in order for a modern person to be able to appeal to it when building one’s own identity, and the constant desire to place the culture of the past on a safe reservation. The issue of aestheticization of cultural objects in the museum space and the role of a museum in interpreting, preserving and distorting their meaning is raised. The museum, created as a repository of antiquities, a collection of masterpieces, today has become the most sensitive system that responds to changes in the life of culture and society. An axiological analysis of modern museums shows their growing popularity as an element of the entertainment industry, while their aesthetic, analytical, and intellectual role is becoming obscure. Respect for the museum as a keeper of cultural memory, for the focus of scientific life is disappearing. Instead, a simplified “attraction museum” and paramuseum is coming to the fore, creating endless games with historical objects, reconstructions, visitors and interpretations of the events of history and culture. The authors of the article are among the first to turn to the concept of “paramuseum” and give it a comprehensive assessment. For the first time, a scientific classification of paramuseums (on the example of paramuseums of northwestern Russia) is proposed. Their main features and characteristics are identified. A synergistic approach to the processes of actualization and alienation of cultural objects in the museum environment made it possible to include the viewer, the recipient, as the third, necessary component of this system. This made it possible to conclude that museum values are alienated or updated not by themselves, but only in relation to the “person watching.” Thus, modern museums and paramuseums are a form of value-based self-consciousness of society, demonstrating the total stratification of post-culture society, its fragmentation into value clusters that can represent culture as a whole only in the process of analytical consciousness, but not in the collection of subject series.

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Caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 form heterooligomeric complexes in atrial cardiac myocytes that are required for doxorubicin-induced apoptosis

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.01039.2007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 294 (1) ◽

pp. H392-H401 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Daniela Volonte ◽

Charles F. McTiernan ◽

Marek Drab ◽

Michael Kasper ◽

Ferruccio Galbiati

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Myocytes ◽

Functional Role ◽

Cell Types ◽

Structural Protein ◽

Caveolin 1 ◽

Protein Components ◽

Induced Apoptosis ◽

First Time ◽

Rat Cardiac Myocytes

Caveolae are 50- to 100-nm invaginations of the plasma membrane. Caveolins are the structural protein components of caveolar membranes. The caveolin gene family is composed of three members: caveolin-1, caveolin-2, and caveolin-3. Caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 are coexpressed in many cell types, including adipocytes, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. In contrast, caveolin-3 expression is essentially restricted to skeletal and smooth muscle cells as well as cardiac myocytes. While the interaction between caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 has been documented previously, the reciprocal interaction between endogenous caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 and their functional role in cell types expressing both isoforms have yet to be identified. Here we demonstrate for the first time that caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 are coexpressed in mouse and rat cardiac myocytes of the atria but not ventricles. We also found that caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 can interact and form heterooligomeric complexes in this cell type. Doxorubicin is an effective anticancer agent, but its use is limited by the possible development of cardiotoxicity. Using caveolin-1- and caveolin-3-null mice, we show that both caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 expression are required for doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in the atria through activation of caspase 3. Together, these results bring new insight into the functional role of caveolae and suggest that caveolin-1/caveolin-3 heterooligomeric complexes may play a key role in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in the atria.

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Describing place through user generated content

First Monday ◽

10.5210/fm.v16i9.3710 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Ross Purves ◽

Alistair Edwardes ◽

Jo Wood

Keyword(s):

User Generated Content ◽

Free Text ◽

First Time

Geographically referenced user generated content provides us with an opportunity to, for the first time, gather perspectives on place over large areas by exploring how very many people describe information. We present a framework for analysing large collections of user generated content. This involves classification of descriptive terms attached by users to photographs into facets of elements, qualities, and activities. We apply this framework to two contrasting photographic archives — Flickr and Geograph, representing weakly and strongly moderated content respectively. We propose a method for removing user-generated bias from such collections though the user of term profiles that can assess the effect of the most and least prolific contributors to a collection. Analysis and visualization of co–occurrence between terms suggests clear differences in the description of place between the two collections, both in terms of the facets used and their geographical footprints. This is attributed to the role of moderation/editorialising of content; to the role tags and free–text has on descriptive behaviour and on the geographic footprint of content supplied to the two collections.

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Psycholinguistic Preconditions of Speech Formation of Children with General Speech Retardation

BRAIN. BROAD RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE ◽

10.18662/brain/12.4/249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 263-277

Author(s):

Iryna Brushnevska ◽

Julia Ribtsun ◽

Liudmyla Stasiuk ◽

Nataliia Ilina ◽

Iryna Vasylehko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dominant Role ◽

Psychological Mechanisms ◽

Speech Activity ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Prediction Function ◽

Probability Prediction ◽

Verbal Probability ◽

First Time

The article addresses psycholinguistic preconditions for development of the communicative component of speech activity in 5-year-olds with general speech retardation (GSR). The development of speech activity is analyzed through the lens of psycholinguistic motivation for the emergence of speech units. The authors for the first time identified psychological mechanisms that underlie disorders in the development of the communication component of speech activity in 5-year-olds with GSR and suggested effective interventions. The research involved a study of probability prediction within the structure of the communicative component of speech activity of 5-year-olds with GSR. The author-developed classification of non-verbal and verbal probability prediction formed the basis for a theory-based diagnostic tool to assess the communicative component of speech activity in 5-year-olds with GSR. The research demonstrated the importance of probability prediction as a dynamic process and indicator of practical realization of utterance and holistically developed coherent speech. The analysis of disorders in cognitive and speech operations and functions identified in the study points to the dominant role of weak probability prediction function at non-verbal and verbal levels. Weak probability prediction was defined as the cause of poorly developed communication component of speech activity in 5-year-olds with GSR.

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Swapping Gender is a Snap(chat)

Catalyst Feminism Theory Technoscience ◽

10.28968/cftt.v7i2.34839 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Teddy Goetz

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Augmented Reality ◽

Facial Hair ◽

Gender Diverse ◽

Embodied Experiences ◽

Image Filters ◽

Digital Distortion ◽

Binary Gender

In May 2019 the photographic cellphone application Snapchat released two company-generated image filters that were officially dubbed “My Twin” and “My Other Twin,” though users and media labeled them as feminine and masculine, respectively. While touted in most commentary as a “gender swap” feature, these digital imaginaries represent a unique opportunity to consider what features contribute to classification of faces into binary gender buckets. After all, the commonly considered “male” filter makes various modifications—including a broader jaw and addition of facial hair—to whichever face is selected in the photograph. It does not ask and cannot detect if that face belongs to a man or woman (cis- or transgender) or to a non-binary individual. Instead, the augmented reality that it offers is a preprogrammed algorithmic reinscription of reductive gendered norms. When interacting with a novel face, humans similarly implement algorithms to assign a gender to that face. The Snapchat “My Twin” filters—which are not neutral, but rather human-designed—offer an analyzable projection of one such binarization, which is otherwise rarely articulated or visually recreated. Here I pair an ethnographic exploration of twenty-eight transgender, non-binary, and/or gender diverse individuals’ embodied experiences of facial gender legibility throughout life and with digital distortion, with a quantitative analysis of the “My Twin” filter facial distortions, to better understand the role of technology in reimaginations of who and what we see in the mirror.

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Role of Clathrin Light Chains in Regulating Invadopodia Formation

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10020451 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 451

Author(s):

Markus Mukenhirn ◽

Francesco Muraca ◽

Delia Bucher ◽

Edgar Asberger ◽

Elisa Cappio Barazzone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Matrix Proteins ◽

Light Chains ◽

Heavy Chains ◽

Uptake Pathway ◽

The Matrix ◽

Main Protein ◽

First Time ◽

Invadopodia Formation

One of the most fundamental processes of the cell is the uptake of molecules from the surrounding environment. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the best-described uptake pathway and regulates nutrient uptake, protein and lipid turnover at the plasma membrane (PM), cell signaling, cell motility and cell polarity. The main protein in CME is clathrin, which assembles as a triskelion-looking building block made of three clathrin heavy chains and three clathrin light chains. Compared to clathrin heavy chains (CHCs), the role of the two isoforms of clathrin light chains (CLCA and CLCB) is poorly understood. Here, we confirm that the simultaneous deletion of both CLCA/B causes abnormal actin structures at the ventral PM and we describe them, for the first time, as functional invadopodia rather than disorganized actin-cytoskeleton assembly sites. Their identification is based on the occurrence of common invadopodia markers as well as functional invadopodia activity characterized by an increased local proteolytic activity of the extracellular matrix proteins. We demonstrate that CLCA/B deletion impacts the intracellular trafficking and recovery of the matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) leading to its accumulation at the plasma membrane and induction of invadopodia formation. Importantly, we show that invadopodia formation can be prevented by depletion of MMP14. As such, we propose that CLCA/B regulate invadopodia formation by regulating MMP14 delivery to the plasma membrane.

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Asymmetry of Information in Energy Consumption

Scientific Research and Development Economics ◽

10.12737/article_5b20ef0b2fbb25.54633904 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 13-17

Author(s):

Раис Бурганов ◽

Rais Burganov

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Information Asymmetry ◽

Energy Productivity ◽

Asymmetry Of Information ◽

State Participation ◽

The Status ◽

Methodological Aspects ◽

First Time

The status of the issue: A survey of studies shows that the problems of information asymmetry in terms of the energy theory of economics have not been considered at all. Materials and methods of research are based on the use of abstraction, generalization and systematization of the data obtained. Results: The study is devoted to the consideration of theoretical and methodological aspects of the study of manifestations of asymmetric information in energy consumption in conditions of transition to the digitalization of the economy. For the first time the author has paid attention to such issues of the topic as the essence of information asymmetry in energy consumption; classification of information asymmetry in energy consumption, the problems of finding the balance of information asymmetry, the role of information asymmetry in energy productivity, energy intensity of products and energy efficiency; state participation in the regulation of information asymmetry in energy consumption. Conclusions are important to take into account the asymmetry of information in energy consumption in the transition to a digital economy.

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Vestibular paroxysmia in vestibular neuritis: A case report

Audiology Research ◽

10.4081/audiores.2018.206 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Michele Ori ◽

Valeria Gambacorta ◽

Giampietro Ricci ◽

Mario Faralli

Keyword(s):

Neural Mechanism ◽

Proximal Part ◽

Neural Basis ◽

Eighth Cranial Nerve ◽

Vestibular Loss ◽

Vestibular Paroxysmia ◽

First Case ◽

First Time

The term vestibular paroxysmia (VP) was introduced for the first time by Brandt and Dieterich in 1994. In 2016, the Barany Society formulated the International Classification of VP, focusing in particular on the number and duration of attacks, on the differential diagnosis and on the therapy. Ephaptic discharges in the proximal part of the eighth cranial nerve, which is covered by oligodendrocytes, are assumed to be the neural basis of VP. We report the first case in literature of an onset of symptoms and signs typical of VP in a young man following acute unilateral vestibular loss not combined with auditory symptoms. Indeed, the pathogenic mechanism affected only the vestibular nerve as confirmed by the presence of a stereotyped nystagmus pattern. The magnetic resonance imaging didn’t reveal any specific cause therefore we suggest the possible role of a neuritis triggering an ephaptic discharge as the neural mechanism of VP.

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Observation of Hydrogen Trapping in Fe-0.15 Wt% Ti Alloy by High Resolution Autoradiography

CORROSION ◽

10.5006/0010-9312-34.2.39 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 39-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

T. ASAOKA ◽

G. LAPASSET ◽

M. AUCOUTURIER ◽

P. LACOMBE

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

High Resolution ◽

Thermal History ◽

Ti Alloy ◽

Hydrogen Trapping ◽

The Matrix ◽

High Resolution Autoradiography ◽

Trapping Sites

Abstract The technique of microautoradiography at the electron microscope scale is used to describe the local repartition of hydrogen introduced by cathodic charging in an Fe-Ti alloy (0.15 Wt% Ti). The role of previous heat treatments of the alloy is studied. Different kinds of trapping sites for hydrogen are observed, mainly decorated dislocations, grain boundaries and interfaces between TiC precipitates and the matrix. A qualitative measurement of the quantity of trapped hydrogen and of the degassing rate leads to a classification of the traps with respect to their interaction energy with hydrogen. The consequence of carbon-hydrogen interactions on the further cracking sensitivity of the alloy, as influenced by the thermal history and carbide repartition, is discussed.

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