scholarly journals Describing place through user generated content

First Monday ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Purves ◽  
Alistair Edwardes ◽  
Jo Wood
Keyword(s):  
User Generated Content ◽  
Free Text ◽  
First Time

Geographically referenced user generated content provides us with an opportunity to, for the first time, gather perspectives on place over large areas by exploring how very many people describe information. We present a framework for analysing large collections of user generated content. This involves classification of descriptive terms attached by users to photographs into facets of elements, qualities, and activities. We apply this framework to two contrasting photographic archives — Flickr and Geograph, representing weakly and strongly moderated content respectively. We propose a method for removing user-generated bias from such collections though the user of term profiles that can assess the effect of the most and least prolific contributors to a collection. Analysis and visualization of co–occurrence between terms suggests clear differences in the description of place between the two collections, both in terms of the facets used and their geographical footprints. This is attributed to the role of moderation/editorialising of content; to the role tags and free–text has on descriptive behaviour and on the geographic footprint of content supplied to the two collections.

Modern Museum and Paramuseum: Existential Alienation and Actualization

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-2) ◽  
pp. 410-425
Author(s):  
Denis Ignatyev ◽  
◽  
Anastasia Nikiforova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Synergistic Approach ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scientific Life ◽  
Northwestern Russia

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of alienation of culture in a modern museum and the processes of actualization of objects and phenomena of history in the space of the paramuseum. In the center of the author’s attention is the theme of creating the illusion of existential comfort. It explores the contradiction between the need for museification of culture in order for a modern person to be able to appeal to it when building one’s own identity, and the constant desire to place the culture of the past on a safe reservation. The issue of aestheticization of cultural objects in the museum space and the role of a museum in interpreting, preserving and distorting their meaning is raised. The museum, created as a repository of antiquities, a collection of masterpieces, today has become the most sensitive system that responds to changes in the life of culture and society. An axiological analysis of modern museums shows their growing popularity as an element of the entertainment industry, while their aesthetic, analytical, and intellectual role is becoming obscure. Respect for the museum as a keeper of cultural memory, for the focus of scientific life is disappearing. Instead, a simplified “attraction museum” and paramuseum is coming to the fore, creating endless games with historical objects, reconstructions, visitors and interpretations of the events of history and culture. The authors of the article are among the first to turn to the concept of “paramuseum” and give it a comprehensive assessment. For the first time, a scientific classification of paramuseums (on the example of paramuseums of northwestern Russia) is proposed. Their main features and characteristics are identified. A synergistic approach to the processes of actualization and alienation of cultural objects in the museum environment made it possible to include the viewer, the recipient, as the third, necessary component of this system. This made it possible to conclude that museum values are alienated or updated not by themselves, but only in relation to the “person watching.” Thus, modern museums and paramuseums are a form of value-based self-consciousness of society, demonstrating the total stratification of post-culture society, its fragmentation into value clusters that can represent culture as a whole only in the process of analytical consciousness, but not in the collection of subject series.

The Role of Internet Newsgroups in the Coming-Out Process of Gay Male Youth

2011 ◽  
pp. 222-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Marciano
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Gay Male ◽  
First Time

The study examines internet newsgroups as a potential mitigating tool in the complex coming-out process of gay male youth. Employing a qualitative discourse analysis of the newsgroup’s messages, the chapter focuses on an Israeli newsgroup that appeals to GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender) youth and operates within the most popular UGC (user-generated content) portal in Israel. The findings indicate that the researched newsgroup functions as a social arena that offers its participants an embracing milieu, where for the first time in their lives they are free of moral judgment of their sexuality. Through four distinct yet interrelated ways, the newsgroup helps its participants to cope with one of the most significant milestones in a gay person’s life – the coming-out process: (1) refuting prevalent stereotypes of homosexuality; (2) facilitating the acceptance of one’s sexual orientation; (3) prompting its disclosure; and (4) creating social relations within and outside the virtual environment.

scholarly journals Trial Proteomic Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Protein Matrix of Submandibular Sialoliths

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6725
Author(s):  
Paulina Czaplewska ◽  
Aleksandra E. Bogucka ◽  
Natalia Musiał ◽  
Dmitry Tretiakow ◽  
Andrzej Skorek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Human Proteins ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
First Time

Our studies aimed to explore the protein components of the matrix of human submandibular gland sialoliths. A qualitative analysis was carried out based on the filter aided sample preparation (FASP) methodology. In the protein extraction process, we evaluated the applicability of the standard demineralization step and the use of a lysis buffer containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dithiothreitol (DTT). The analysis of fragmentation spectra based on the human database allowed for the identification of 254 human proteins present in the deposits. In addition, the use of multi-round search in the PEAKS Studio program against the bacterial base allowed for the identification of 393 proteins of bacterial origin present in the extract obtained from sialolith, which so far has not been carried out for this biological material. Furthermore, we successfully applied the SWATH methodology, allowing for a relative quantitative analysis of human proteins present in deposits. The obtained results correlate with the classification of sialoliths proposed by Tretiakow. The performed functional analysis allowed for the first time the selection of proteins, the levels of which differ between the tested samples, which may suggest the role of these proteins in the calcification process in different types of sialoliths. These are preliminary studies, and drawing specific conclusions requires research on a larger group, but it provides us the basis for the continuation of the work that has already begun.

scholarly journals Psycholinguistic Preconditions of Speech Formation of Children with General Speech Retardation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-277
Author(s):  
Iryna Brushnevska ◽  
Julia Ribtsun ◽  
Liudmyla Stasiuk ◽  
Nataliia Ilina ◽  
Iryna Vasylehko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Prediction Function ◽  
Probability Prediction ◽  
Verbal Probability ◽  
First Time

The article addresses psycholinguistic preconditions for development of the communicative component of speech activity in 5-year-olds with general speech retardation (GSR). The development of speech activity is analyzed through the lens of psycholinguistic motivation for the emergence of speech units. The authors for the first time identified psychological mechanisms that underlie disorders in the development of the communication component of speech activity in 5-year-olds with GSR and suggested effective interventions. The research involved a study of probability prediction within the structure of the communicative component of speech activity of 5-year-olds with GSR. The author-developed classification of non-verbal and verbal probability prediction formed the basis for a theory-based diagnostic tool to assess the communicative component of speech activity in 5-year-olds with GSR. The research demonstrated the importance of probability prediction as a dynamic process and indicator of practical realization of utterance and holistically developed coherent speech. The analysis of disorders in cognitive and speech operations and functions identified in the study points to the dominant role of weak probability prediction function at non-verbal and verbal levels. Weak probability prediction was defined as the cause of poorly developed communication component of speech activity in 5-year-olds with GSR.

scholarly journals The Incidence and Management of Osgood-Schlatter Disease in General Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. BJGP.2021.0386
Author(s):  
Guido Jan van Leeuwen ◽  
Evelien de Schepper ◽  
Michael Rathleff ◽  
Patrick Bindels ◽  
Sita Bierma-Zeinstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Healthcare Database ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
First Time

Background: Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) is a non-traumatic knee problem that primarily observed in sports active children and adolescents between the age of 8 and 15. Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of OSD and to gain insight into the management of children and adolescents with OSD in general practice. Design and Setting: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a healthcare database containing full electronic health records of over 200.000 patients in general practice in and around the Dutch city of Rotterdam. Methods: Patients with a new diagnosis of OSD between the years 2012-2018 were extracted using a search algorithm based on International Classification of Primary Health Care (ICPC) coding and search terms in free text. Data on the management of OSD were manually interpreted. Results: The mean incidence over the study period was 3.8 (95% CI 3.5-4.2) per 1000 person years in the age group of 8-19 years. Boys had a higher incidence rate of 4.9 (95% CI 4.3-5.5) compared to girls, at 2.7 (95% CI 2.3-3.2). Peak incidence was at age 12 for boys and at age 11 for girls. Advice was the most commonly applied strategy (55.1%), followed by rest (21.0%) and referral for imaging (19.5%) and physiotherapy (13.4%). Conclusion: For the first time the incidence of OSD is calculated using GP electronic medical files. There is a discrepancy, especially for imaging and referral to a medical specialist, between the current general practice guideline and what GPs actually recommended.

Asymmetry of Information in Energy Consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Раис Бурганов ◽  
Rais Burganov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Asymmetry Of Information ◽  
State Participation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
First Time

The status of the issue: A survey of studies shows that the problems of information asymmetry in terms of the energy theory of economics have not been considered at all. Materials and methods of research are based on the use of abstraction, generalization and systematization of the data obtained. Results: The study is devoted to the consideration of theoretical and methodological aspects of the study of manifestations of asymmetric information in energy consumption in conditions of transition to the digitalization of the economy. For the first time the author has paid attention to such issues of the topic as the essence of information asymmetry in energy consumption; classification of information asymmetry in energy consumption, the problems of finding the balance of information asymmetry, the role of information asymmetry in energy productivity, energy intensity of products and energy efficiency; state participation in the regulation of information asymmetry in energy consumption. Conclusions are important to take into account the asymmetry of information in energy consumption in the transition to a digital economy.

scholarly journals Vestibular paroxysmia in vestibular neuritis: A case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Ori ◽  
Valeria Gambacorta ◽  
Giampietro Ricci ◽  
Mario Faralli
Keyword(s):  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Eighth Cranial Nerve ◽  
Vestibular Loss ◽  
Vestibular Paroxysmia ◽  
First Case ◽  
First Time

The term vestibular paroxysmia (VP) was introduced for the first time by Brandt and Dieterich in 1994. In 2016, the Barany Society formulated the International Classification of VP, focusing in particular on the number and duration of attacks, on the differential diagnosis and on the therapy. Ephaptic discharges in the proximal part of the eighth cranial nerve, which is covered by oligodendrocytes, are assumed to be the neural basis of VP. We report the first case in literature of an onset of symptoms and signs typical of VP in a young man following acute unilateral vestibular loss not combined with auditory symptoms. Indeed, the pathogenic mechanism affected only the vestibular nerve as confirmed by the presence of a stereotyped nystagmus pattern. The magnetic resonance imaging didn’t reveal any specific cause therefore we suggest the possible role of a neuritis triggering an ephaptic discharge as the neural mechanism of VP.

scholarly journals Short telomeres drive pessimistic judgement bias in zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Espigares ◽  
D. Abad-Tortosa ◽  
S. A. M. Varela ◽  
M. G. Ferreira ◽  
R. F. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Judgement Bias ◽  
Vertebrate Model ◽  
Ambiguous Stimuli ◽  
First Time ◽  
Causal Directionality

The role of telomerase reverse transcriptase has been widely investigated in the contexts of ageing and age-related diseases. Interestingly, decreased telomerase activities (and accelerated telomere shortening) have also been reported in patients with emotion-related disorders, opening the possibility for subjective appraisal of stressful stimuli playing a key role in stress-driven telomere shortening. In fact, patients showing a pessimistic judgement bias have shorter telomeres. However, in humans the evidence for this is correlational and the causal directionality between pessimism and telomere shortening has not been established experimentally yet. We have developed and validated a judgement bias experimental paradigm to measure subjective evaluations of ambiguous stimuli in zebrafish. This behavioural assay allows classification of individuals in an optimistic–pessimistic dimension (i.e. from individuals that consistently evaluate ambiguous stimuli as negative to others that perceive them as positive). Using this behavioural paradigm we found that telomerase-deficient zebrafish ( tert − / − ) were more pessimistic in response to ambiguous stimuli than wild-type zebrafish. The fact that individuals with constitutive shorter telomeres have pessimistic behaviours demonstrates for the first time in a vertebrate model a genetic basis of judgement bias.

scholarly journals Psychophysiological responses underlying unresolved loss and trauma in the Adult Attachment Interview

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Lianne Bakkum ◽  
Mirjam Oosterman ◽  
Marije L. Verhage ◽  
Florentina C. Kunseler ◽  
R. M. Pasco Fearon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Unresolved Loss ◽  
First Time

Abstract Unresolved loss/trauma in the context of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) has been theorised to result from dissociative processing of fear-related memories and ideas. To examine the plausibility of this model, this study tested hypothesised associations between unresolved loss/trauma and indicators of autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity. First-time pregnant women (N = 235) participated in the AAI while heart rate (interbeat interval; IBI) and indicators of parasympathetic reactivity (respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA) and sympathetic reactivity (pre-ejection period; PEP, skin conductance level; SCL) were recorded. Using multilevel modelling, ANS reactivity was examined in relation to topic (loss/trauma versus other questions); discussion of actual loss/trauma; classification of unresolved/disorganised; and unresolved responses during the interview. Responses to loss/trauma questions and discussion of loss were associated with respectively larger and smaller IBIs. There was no moderation by unresolved/disorganised status. Unresolved responses about loss were associated with smaller IBIs. Participants classified as unresolved/disorganised showed decreasing PEP and blunted SCL throughout the whole interview. The findings suggest that unresolved speech about loss co-occurs with physiological arousal, although the inconclusive findings regarding parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system responses fail to clearly support the role of fear.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

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