scholarly journals Pesticides Burden in Neotropical Rivers: Costa Rica as a Case Study

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7235
Author(s):  
Silvia Echeverría-Sáenz ◽  
Manuel Spínola-Parallada ◽  
Ana Cristina Soto
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Regulatory Decisions

Neotropical ecosystems are highly biodiverse; however, the excessive use of pesticides has polluted freshwaters, with deleterious effects on aquatic biota. This study aims to analyze concentrations of active ingredients (a.i) of pesticides and the risks posed to freshwater Neotropical ecosystems. We compiled information from 1036 superficial water samples taken in Costa Rica between 2009 and 2019. We calculated the detection frequency for 85 a.i. and compared the concentrations with international regulations. The most frequently detected pesticides were diuron, ametryn, pyrimethanil, flutolanil, diazinon, azoxystrobin, buprofezin, and epoxiconazole, with presence in >20% of the samples. We observed 32 pesticides with concentrations that exceeded international regulations, and the ecological risk to aquatic biota (assessed using the multi-substance potentially affected fraction model (msPAF)) revealed that 5% and 13% of the samples from Costa Rica pose a high or moderate acute risk, especially to primary producers and arthropods. Other Neotropical countries are experiencing the same trend with high loads of pesticides and consequent high risk to aquatic ecosystems. This information is highly valuable for authorities dealing with prospective and retrospective risk assessments for regulatory decisions in tropical countries. At the same time, this study highlights the need for systematic pesticide residue monitoring of fresh waters in the Neotropical region.

The Calculation of Turbulent Diffusion Coefficients in Aquatic Ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 3903-3907
Author(s):  
Galina Marusic ◽  
Valeriu Panaitescu
Keyword(s):  
Transport Equation ◽  
Turbulent Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
The Right ◽  
Prut River

The paper deals with the issues related to the pollution of aquatic ecosystems. The influence of turbulence on the transport and dispersion of pollutants in the mentioned systems, as well as the calculation of the turbulent diffusion coefficients are studied. A case study on the determination of turbulent diffusion coefficients for some sectors of the Prut River is presented. A new method is proposed for the determination of the turbulent diffusion coefficients in the pollutant transport equation for specific sectors of a river, according to the associated number of P�clet, calculated for each specific area: the left bank, the right bank and the middle of the river.

Ayurvedic management of Leukoplakia - A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makadia Krishna ◽  
Ronakgiri V. Gosai ◽  
Virpariya Jignesh ◽  
Chabhadiya Nilesh ◽  
Katrodiya Jayesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Burning Sensation ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
Premalignant Lesion ◽  
Allopathic Medicine ◽  
Floor Of The Mouth

Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a premalignant lesion described as “a predominant white lesion of the oral mucosa which cannot be defined as any other known lesion”. OL located on the floor of the mouth, soft palate and tongue are considered as high-risk lesions, while, in other areas, they may be considered as of low malignancy risk. A Forty five years old male patient had complaints of white lesion on left lat. Surface of tongue, along with burning sensation since 4-5 months. He was diagnosed with Leukoplakia and he had taken allopathic medicine for 4 to 5 times, but it was inversely relapsed, so he was treated with Pratisarana of Bibhitaka Churna and Rasayana Churna, Yastimadhu Ghanavati as lozenges along with Rasayana tablets orally for a period of 6 months. After 6 month therapy, white lesion became disappear and no burning sensation. Thus this patient was successfully treated with above therapy with no recurrence or any complications till date.

Catching an Atom Spy: MI5 and the Investigation of Klaus Fuchs

2010 ◽  
pp. 554-567
Author(s):  
Timothy Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Klaus Fuchs ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Successful Approach ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Atomic Espionage ◽  
Signals Intelligence

This article focuses on M15 organization and Klaus Fuchs, a German-born physicist and Soviet “Atom Spy” who was arrested in 1950 and served fourteen years for offences related to atomic espionage. It examines how Fuchs was identified as an “Atom Spy” in 1949 and describes the MI5's investigation, which ended in the early 1950 with the successful arrest, prosecution, and imprisonment of this highly significant Cold War figure. Key issues discussed in this article include the difficulties encountered by MI5 and the budding British atomic program in the sphere of security. It also discusses the role of Signals intelligence (SIGINT) in the investigation of Fuchs, and the high-risk but ultimately successful approach taken by MI5's key interrogator, William Skardon. This case study highlights both the unparalleled level of international intelligence cooperation between the British agencies and their American counterparts, which made the resolution of this case possible, and some of the frailties in the Anglo-American alliance that were brought to the fore by the exposure of Fuchs as an Atom Spy.

scholarly journals An Alternative Risk Assessment Model of Urban Waterlogging: A Case Study of Ningbo City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Meiling Zhou ◽  
Xiuli Feng ◽  
Kaikai Liu ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Lijian Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The City

Influenced by climate change, extreme weather events occur frequently, and bring huge impacts to urban areas, including urban waterlogging. Conducting risk assessments of urban waterlogging is a critical step to diagnose problems, improve infrastructure and achieve sustainable development facing extreme weathers. This study takes Ningbo, a typical coastal city in the Yangtze River Delta, as an example to conduct a risk assessment of urban waterlogging with high-resolution remote sensing images and high-precision digital elevation models to further analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of waterlogging risk. Results indicate that waterlogging risk in the city proper of Ningbo is mainly low risk, accounting for 36.9%. The higher-risk and medium-risk areas have the same proportions, accounting for 18.7%. They are followed by the lower-risk and high-risk areas, accounting for 15.5% and 9.6%, respectively. In terms of space, waterlogging risk in the city proper of Ningbo is high in the south and low in the north. The high-risk area is mainly located to the west of Jiangdong district and the middle of Haishu district. The low-risk area is mainly distributed in the north of Jiangbei district. These results are consistent with the historical situation of waterlogging in Ningbo, which prove the effectiveness of the risk assessment model and provide an important reference for the government to prevent and mitigate waterlogging. The optimized risk assessment model is also of importance for waterlogging risk assessments in coastal cities. Based on this model, the waterlogging risk of coastal cities can be quickly assessed, combining with local characteristics, which will help improve the city’s capability of responding to waterlogging disasters and reduce socio-economic loss.

scholarly journals Path Planning for Autonomous Ships: A Hybrid Approach Based on Improved APF and Modified VO Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Junmin Mou ◽  
Pengfei Chen ◽  
Mengxia Li
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Local Minimum ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Artificial Potential Field ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Local Path ◽  
Velocity Obstacle ◽  
Global And Local

In this research, a hybrid approach for path planning of autonomous ships that generates both global and local paths, respectively, is proposed. The global path is obtained via an improved artificial potential field (APF) method, which makes up for the shortcoming that the typical APF method easily falls into a local minimum. A modified velocity obstacle (VO) method that incorporates the closest point of approach (CPA) model and the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS), based on the typical VO method, can be used to get the local path. The contribution of this research is two-fold: (1) improvement of the typical APF and VO methods, making up for previous shortcomings, and integrated COLREGS rules and good seamanship, making the paths obtained more in line with navigation practice; (2) the research included global and local path planning, considering both the safety and maneuverability of the ship in the process of avoiding collision, and studied the whole process of avoiding collision in a relatively entirely way. A case study was then conducted to test the proposed approach in different situations. The results indicate that the proposed approach can find both global and local paths to avoid the target ship.

scholarly journals The Point Bonitation Method and Its Adaptation in Risk Studies: A Case Study in Sri Lanka’s Cities in the Coastal Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2060
Author(s):  
Dorota Rucińska ◽  
Martyna Zagrzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Specific Result ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Tsunami Risk

Article proposes using weighting method named the Point Bonitation Method, a popular interdisciplinary method, especially in the tourism and socio-economic geography, for giving optional direction to further researching tsunami risk. This method qualifies and quantifies those factors that lead to natural disasters so that it is possible to make comparisons with their roles in disaster areas. This case study in Sri Lanka shows a specific result that is quantification of vulnerability by regions and can be used and developed locally for disaster risk management and reduction. This paper presents discussion about other possible reasons of high risk in regions.

scholarly journals Application of a Novel Hybrid Method for Flood Susceptibility Mapping with Satellite Images: A Case Study of Seoul, Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2786
Author(s):  
Roya Narimani ◽  
Changhyun Jun ◽  
Saqib Shahzad ◽  
Jeill Oh ◽  
Kyoohong Park
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Susceptibility Mapping ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Flood Susceptibility ◽  
Flood Susceptibility Mapping ◽  
Flood Maps

This paper proposes a novel hybrid method for flood susceptibility mapping using a geographic information system (ArcGIS) and satellite images based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Here, the following nine multisource environmental controlling factors influencing flood susceptibility were considered for relative weight estimation in AHP: elevation, land use, slope, topographic wetness index, curvature, river distance, flow accumulation, drainage density, and rainfall. The weight for each factor was determined from AHP and analyzed to investigate critical regions that are more vulnerable to floods using the overlay weighted sum technique to integrate the nine layers. As a case study, the ArcGIS-based framework was applied in Seoul to obtain a flood susceptibility map, which was categorized into six regions (very high risk, high risk, medium risk, low risk, very low risk, and out of risk). Finally, the flood map was verified using real flood maps from the previous five years to test the model’s effectiveness. The flood map indicated that 40% of the area shows high flood risk and thus requires urgent attention, which was confirmed by the validation results. Planners and regulatory bodies can use flood maps to control and mitigate flood incidents along rivers. Even though the methodology used in this study is simple, it has a high level of accuracy and can be applied for flood mapping in most regions where the required datasets are available. This is the first study to apply high-resolution basic maps (12.5 m) to extract the nine controlling factors using only satellite images and ArcGIS to produce a suitable flood map in Seoul for better management in the near future.

The exotropia food safety cultural conundrum: A case study of a UK fish high-risk processing company

Food Control ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 108431
Author(s):  
Derek Watson ◽  
Shingai P. Nyarugwe ◽  
Robert Hogg ◽  
Chris Griffith ◽  
Pieternel A. Luning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Processing

Imitative Suicide in a Cohesive Organization: Observations from a Case Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1475-1478
Author(s):  
Atholl T. Malcolm ◽  
Michel Pierre Janisse
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Job Description ◽  
Misleading Information ◽  
The North ◽  
Military Unit ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Three suicides occurred within 3 years in a military unit of 35 individuals. This represented an annual rate 220 times the North American average. A clinical intervention was requested by medical authorities, the goal being to minimize the risk of further deaths. Group and individual therapy was conducted over 3 days and ongoing referrals were made as necessary. In addition, measures of anxiety, depression, and hostility were obtained from this unit and from a unit equivalent in size and job description to examine whether these constructs could be used diagnostically. Analysis of the data indicated that differences in mean scores between the units yielded potentially misleading information, although on an individual basis scores were useful in identifying clients at risk of suicide. When those who personally knew one or more of the deceased were compared with those who did not, variability of scores in conjunction with interviews was helpful in identifying relatively high-risk subgroups.

Investment Risk Assessments of BOT Project – A case study of Yamay Resort

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 261-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Pao Tsai ◽  
Nai-Hsin Pan ◽  
Bor-Ming Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Bot Project
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