scholarly journals Multimodal Warnings in Remote Operation: The Case Study on Remote Driving

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Pekka Kallioniemi ◽  
Alisa Burova ◽  
John Mäkelä ◽  
Tuuli Keskinen ◽  
Kimmo Ronkainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Multimodal Feedback ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hazardous Environments ◽  
Remote Operation ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Remote Operations ◽  
Remote Driving

Developments in sensor technology, artificial intelligence, and network technologies like 5G has made remote operation a valuable method of controlling various types of machinery. The benefits of remote operations come with an opportunity to access hazardous environments. The major limitation of remote operation is the lack of proper sensory feedback from the machine, which in turn negatively affects situational awareness and, consequently, may risk remote operations. This article explores how to improve situational awareness via multimodal feedback (visual, auditory, and haptic) and studies how it can be utilized to communicate warnings to remote operators. To reach our goals, we conducted a controlled, within-subjects experiment in eight conditions with twenty-four participants on a simulated remote driving system. Additionally, we gathered further insights with a UX questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Gathered data showed that the use of multimodal feedback positively affected situational awareness when driving remotely. Our findings indicate that the combination of added haptic and visual feedback was considered the best feedback combination to communicate the slipperiness of the road. We also found that the feeling of presence is an important aspect of remote driving tasks, and a requested one, especially by those with more experience in operating real heavy machinery.

The road to entrepreneurship with impairments: A challenges-adaptive mechanisms-results model for disabled entrepreneurs

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 761-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Che Hsieh ◽  
Victoria Maria Josse Molina ◽  
Jingjing Weng
Keyword(s):  
Care Model ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Road ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interpretive Perspective

This article explores how different challenges potentially inspire those deemed impaired to engage with entrepreneurship and how they overcome such challenges through different adaptive mechanisms. Taking an interpretive perspective, we undertook semi-structured interviews with 13 entrepreneurs with impairments, providing an understanding of the relationship between challenges and the adaptive mechanisms that led to business and personal attainments. Based on our empirical findings, we propose a new challenges-adaptive mechanisms-results (CARE) model contributing to the literature on disabled entrepreneurship among those with impairments and also provide insights into the entrepreneurial endeavours of the disabled population.

scholarly journals 299. “Where the Rubber Meets the Road”: Stakeholders’ Perspectives about the Current State of HCV Care Delivery in Massachusetts Jails

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S161-S162
Author(s):  
Alysse G Wurcel ◽  
Jessica Reyes ◽  
Julia Zubiago ◽  
Deirdre Burke ◽  
Tom Concannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
Purposeful Sampling ◽  
Key Stakeholders

Abstract Background HCV is highly prevalent in criminal-justice involved populations (CJIP). Nationally, the operationalization of guideline-driven HCV care (including testing and treatment) for CJIP has been challenging, prompting this study to understand barriers and facilitators. Methods We used purposeful sampling strategies to recruit key stakeholders including people who are incarcerated, clinicians providing care in jail, clinicians providing care outside of jail, corrections administrators, and representatives of industry, public health and public policy. Semi-structured interviews were performed in Spanish or English, based on preference of participant. Written notes were used to capture details from interviews in jails and interviews outside of jail were recorded. People interviewed outside of jail were offered a stipend. Interviews were coded and analyzed with a compare and consensus approach. Results Of 120 people, 49 (41%) people agreed to be interviewed in each of the stakeholder categories including 21 men who were incarcerated (mean age 32 [IQR 25, 39], 60% non-White). Barriers to HCV care delivery included (1) Fragmented healthcare delivery because of transient nature of CJIP (2) Frustration and disempowerment experienced by people incarcerated in jail and (3) Heterogeneous views on stakeholders responsible for providing and financing HCV care in jails. Facilitators to HCV care delivery included (1) Incarcerated population’s interested in HCV care for public and personal health and (2) An existing strong public health infrastructure in place supporting HIV care delivery. Conclusion Understanding various stakeholders’ views of barriers to HCV care in jails is a necessary first step to building improved care pathways. Mutual recognition may help to focus limited administrative and fiscal resources on HCV care for this transient population. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Co-producing addiction aftercare

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Tober ◽  
Duncan Raistrick ◽  
Helen Fiona Crosby ◽  
Jennifer Sweetman ◽  
Sally Unsworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Peer Mentor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
The Road ◽  
Recovery Capital ◽  
Local Recovery ◽  
Set Up

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and delivery of an aftercare programme called Learning To Live Again, which was co-produced between service users and clinic staff. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 37 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 project stakeholders who were service users, mentors, university and clinical staff. The data were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings – Four overarching themes were identified in the analysis of interview data as characterising the process of co-producing an aftercare programme. These were: achieving common ground, roles and responsibilities, the activities programme and the road to recovery. Interdependence of service users and clinicians was given strong emphasis. Practical implications – A number of challenges arise in co-producing an aftercare programme which is largely service user led and adds to the local recovery capital. The benefits of co-producing aftercare outweigh the difficulties and the programme can be set up within existing resources. Given the study's focus on the process of setting up and maintaining an aftercare programme, no attempt was made to evaluate the improvement in outcomes or cost-effectiveness. Originality/value – Many peer-mentor-led aftercare programmes have been set up and this paper describes stakeholders’ thoughts about the challenges and benefits of co-producing an aftercare programme.

scholarly journals The application of AHP in the development of a taxonomy of merchant marine deck officers’ non-technical skills (NTS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Saeed ◽  
Alan Bury ◽  
Stephen Bonsall ◽  
Ramin Riahi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Merchant Marine ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Managerial Skills ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Abstract The importance of NTS has been realised in many safety critical industries. Recently the maritime domain has also embraced the idea and implemented an NTS training course for both merchant marine deck and engineering officers. NTS encompass both interpersonal and cognitive skills such as situational awareness, teamwork, decision making, leadership, managerial skills, communication and language skills. Well-developed NTS training allow ship’s officers to recognise quickly when a problem is developing and manage the situation safely and efficiently with the available team members. As a result, the evaluation and grading of deck officers’ NTS is necessary to assure safety at sea, reduce the effects of human error on-board ships, and allow ship board operations to be performed safely. This paper identifies the skills necessary for deck officers to effectively perform their duties on the bridge of a ship. To achieve this, initially, a taxonomy of deck officers’ NTS is developed through a review of relevant literature and the conducting of semi-structured interviews with experienced seafarers. Subsequently, NTS weighting data is collected from experienced seafarers to allow the weight of each element of the taxonomy to be established by the use of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).

scholarly journals External wine education and certification for restaurant service staff: a mixed-methods evaluation of training effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa Orlowski
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Organizational Impact ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mixed Methods Evaluation ◽  
Service Staff ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Trainee Reactions

PurposeThe purpose of this mixed-methods explanatory sequential study was to assess the effects of an external wine education and certification program on trainee reactions, learning, transfer and financial results.Design/methodology/approachThe quantitative phase was a mixed experimental design in which the training intervention was between-subjects and time was within-subjects. The sample comprises 91 employees (NTraining = 43; NControl = 48) from 12 units of a fine dining restaurant group. The qualitative phase, comprised of semi-structured interviews with training group participants (N = 12), was implemented after the experiment.FindingsTraining group participants reported high scores for attitude toward training content, instructional satisfaction and transfer motivation. Financial metrics, tracked up to 60 days post-training, demonstrated the wine education program was effective in increasing wine knowledge but not wine sales. Four themes emerged from the qualitative data: sense of accomplishment, enhanced guest interaction, tips and gratuities and defeat. Integrated findings revealed increased wine knowledge led to personal financial impact (increased tips) rather than organizational impact.Originality/valueThis research builds on existing training literature and human capital theory by examining external training programs. Further, the use of a mixed-methods design and integration of the quantitative and qualitative findings offers a previously unidentified explanation for why wine training, although effective in facilitating positive reactions and learning, fails to result in transfer behaviors which generate increased wine sales.

scholarly journals Innovation in public administration reform: a strategic reform through NPM, ICT, and e-governance. A comparative analysis between Lebanon and Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (35) ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
Charbel EL AMMAR ◽  
Constantin Marius PROFIROIU
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Road ◽  
Public Administration Reform ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Challenging Situation

In addition to the involvement of public administration (PA) as a catalyst for economic development, today we are witnessing the need to enhance innovation in PA itself, with a commitment to maximizing efficiency, effectiveness, performance, and to improve quality of public service. In PA, the emerging theory of innovation represents a combined effort between conventional organizational innovation tools such as strategic planning and modern ones such as Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and e-governance. With regard to this challenging situation, this paper seeks to present a substantial literature concerning the theory of innovation, New Public Management (NPM), ICT, and e-governance. Furthermore, using a qualitative approach based on centered semi-structured interviews, this article illustrates the current activities conducted by the Lebanese government, specifically the Office of Ministry of State for Administrative Reform (OMSAR), compared by data gathered from platforms and databases from Romanian PA such as Ministry of Communication and Information Society, OECD, DESI index, and Eurostat on ICT and e-governance at European level. The paper results reveal the significant effect of innovation in Romanian PA paving the road toward facing the challenge to achieve its digital 2020 agenda and contributing to transparency, efficiency, effectiveness, community participation, and development of public service. However, Lebanese PA should join and shake hands to strengthen the adoption of innovation in its public corridors and should cross the notion of “still born” application of ICT to a fruitful implementation contributing to strategic innovation in public services and improved PA efficiency and performance.

Maneuvering without offending on the road to democracy: the role of leaders' power in bringing greater freedom to all

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neringa Kalpokas ◽  
Ivana Radivojevic
Keyword(s):  
Macro Level ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Referent Power ◽  
The Road ◽  
Expert Power ◽  
Legitimate Power ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Different Sources

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to expand understanding of how leaders can use their power to reshape macro-level structures to foster individuals' freedoms and build more democratic workplaces. The importance of freedom in work and life can hardly be argued with, yet current democracy scores are the lowest that have ever been recorded (Economist Intelligence Unit, 2019).Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyzed two cases of successful democratization, Spain and Lithuania, where they conducted a total of 65 semi-structured interviews with different actors including the top leaders themselves. A combined inductive-deductive analysis of the in-depth qualitative data highlighted how using different dimensions of power (French and Raven, 1959) related to distributing power to others.FindingsThese findings extend understanding of how leaders can use their power to effectively distribute power to others and reach a democracy that fosters freedom. Information and referent power were crucial for aligning the different stakeholder groups, expert power emerged as key for building and empowering a network of support and legitimate power was essential for fostering peaceful and long-lasting changes toward democracy.Originality/valueWhile previous research has recognized the importance of leadership and politics for instigating macro-level changes, this study specifies how leaders can utilize their different sources of power to bring greater power and freedom to individuals by unpacking the unique impacts of each type of power. This study thus provides practical insights for leaders seeking to establish more democratic workplaces.

Injustice, Uselessness, and Illness: A Qualitative Study of Unemployed Graduates’ Lives in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-91
Author(s):  
Nashmin Khezri ◽  
Mehdi Rezaei ◽  
Mozafarl Aram
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Behavioral Challenges ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Road ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Iranian Context ◽  
The Unemployed

Formal education in Iran, especially higher education, has been a means to smoothen the road to social mobility, provide good jobs, and boost people’s earnings. Now, being a university graduate and remaining unemployed is regarded as a challenge. In addition, governments consider this new unemployment a threat to their legitimacy. It seems that young unemployed graduates experience different problems in their social lives. This study aims to investigate the problems encountered by young unemployed graduates and to identify which aspects of situation provide a threatening condition for the society and government. This study has adopted a qualitative approach to answer these questions. It has been conducted in a Kurdish-Iranian context. The authors used a sample of 22 unemployed graduates and conducted semi-structured interviews with each of the sample members. The data gathered from the interviews were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. There emerged several themes that described the unemployed graduates’ lives. Findings show that the definition of job is gender based. Unemployment is interpreted as “illness,” “uselessness,” and “social injustice.” To cope with the unemployment issue, the unemployed graduates have to follow different strategies, including “seclusion,” “continuing education,” or “restarting education.” They experience in such a context different psychological, interactive, and behavioral challenges that sometimes make them adopt an anti-social position. The findings of this research contribute to a clearer understanding of the pathological aspects of unemployed graduates’ lives, which is considered a threat from their own viewpoints.

scholarly journals Assessing road segment impact on accessibility to critical services in case of a hazard

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Mossoux ◽  
Matthieu Kervyn ◽  
Frank Canters
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Road Segment ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hazardous Environments ◽  
Road Capacity ◽  
Risk Metric ◽  
New Infrastructure

Abstract. Development of hazard maps is one of the measures promoted by the international community to reduce risk. Hazard maps provide information about the probability of given areas to be affected by one or several hazards. As such they are useful tools to evaluate risk and support the development of safe policies. So far studies combining hazard mapping with accessibility to services are few. In hazardous environments, accessibility of the population to strategic infrastructure is important because emergency services and goods will principally be offered at or provided from these locations. If a road segment is blocked by a hazard, accessibility to services may be affected, or worse, people may be completely disconnected from specific services. The importance of each road segment in the transport network as a connecting element enabling access to relevant services is therefore critical information for the authorities. In this study, we propose a new application of hazard mapping which aims to define the importance of each road segment in the accessibility to services, taking in account the probability of being affected by a hazard. By iteratively removing one segment after the other from the road network, changes in accessibility to critical infrastructure are evaluated. Two metrics of road segment importance considering the population affected and the hazard probability are calculated for each segment: a road accessibility risk metric and a users' path vulnerability metric. Visualization of these road metrics is a useful way of valuing hazard maps and may help to support discussions about the development of new infrastructure, road capacity increase and maintenance of existing infrastructures, and evacuation procedures.

scholarly journals Patient perspectives of wearable sensors: a mixed methods evaluation (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera Joshi ◽  
Stephanie Archer ◽  
Abigail Morbi ◽  
Sonal Arora ◽  
Richard Kwasnicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Patient Questionnaire ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Wearable Sensor ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Patient Deterioration ◽  
Mixed Methods Evaluation ◽  
Interview Studies

BACKGROUND Continuous vital sign monitoring using wearable sensors may enable earlier detection of patient deterioration and sepsis. OBJECTIVE To explore patient experiences of wearable sensor technology and continuous monitoring through questionnaire and interview studies. METHODS All patients recruited for a wearable sensor study were asked to complete a study questionnaire. Patients were asked 9 questions with answers on Likert scale and scores were treated as continuous variables. A subgroup of surgical patients wearing the wearable sensor were invited to take part in semi-structured interviews. All interview data was analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 453 patients completed the patient questionnaire (90.6% response rate). A high proportion of patients agreed the wearable sensor was comfortable to wear (n=427, 85.4%), they would wear the patch again when in hospital (n=429, 85.8%) and they would wear the wearable patch at home (n=398, 79.6%). Twelve surgical patients consented to interviews. Five main themes of interest to patients emerged from the interviews; 1) Centralised monitoring 2) enhanced feelings of patient safety, 3) impact on nursing staff 4) comfort & usability and 5) the future and views on technology. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the feedback from patients using wearable monitoring was strongly positive with relatively few concerns raised. Patients feel wearable sensors improve their sense of safety, may relieve pressure on healthcare staff and are a welcome part of future healthcare

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