scholarly journals Toward Large-Scale Production of Oxidized Graphene

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talia Tene ◽  
Gabriela Tubon Usca ◽  
Marco Guevara ◽  
Raul Molina ◽  
Francesco Veltri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Time Required

The oxidative exfoliation of graphite is a promising approach to the large-scale production of graphene. Conventional oxidation of graphite essentially facilitates the exfoliation process; however, the oxidation procedure releases toxic gases and requires extensive, time-consuming steps of washing and reduction to convert exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) into reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Although toxic gases can be controlled by modifying chemical reactions, filtration, dialysis, and extensive sonication are unfavorable for large-scale production. Here, we report a complete, scalable, and green synthesis of GO, without NaNO3, followed by reduction with citric acid (CA). This approach eliminates the generation of toxic gases, simplifies the washing steps, and reduces the time required to prepare rGO. To validate the proposed method, we present spectroscopical and morphological studies, using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), UV-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is used to analyze the thermal properties of GO and rGO. This eco-friendly method proposes a complete guideline protocol toward large-scale production of oxidized graphene, with potential applications in supercapacitors, fuel cells, composites, batteries, and biosensors.

scholarly journals Rapid synthesis and characterization of silver-loaded graphene oxide nanomaterials and their antibacterial applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
Haitao Ni ◽  
Chunyan Hu ◽  
Yuxiang Zhu ◽  
Jinxia Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Large Scale Production

With the promising potential application of Ag/graphene-based nanomaterials in medicine and engineering materials, the large-scale production has attracted great interest of researchers on the basis of green synthesis. In this study, water-soluble silver/graphene oxide (Ag/GO) nanomaterials were synthesized under ultrasound-assisted conditions. The structural characteristics of Ag/GO were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectroscopy, respectively. The results showed the silver particles (AgNPs) obtained by reduction were attached to the surface of GO, and there was a strong interaction between AgNPs and GO. The antibacterial activity was primarily evaluated by the plate method and hole punching method. Antibacterial tests indicated that Ag/GO could inhibit the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, special for the Staphylococcus aureus .

scholarly journals Foaming of rhamnolipids fermentation: impact factors and fermentation strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijin Gong ◽  
Ge Yang ◽  
Chengchuan Che ◽  
Jinfeng Liu ◽  
Meiru Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Foaming Behavior ◽  
Production Strategies ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
And Control

AbstractRhamnolipids have recently attracted considerable attentions because of their excellent biosurfactant performance and potential applications in agriculture, environment, biomedicine, etc., but severe foaming causes the high cost of production, restraining their commercial production and applications. To reduce or eliminate the foaming, numerous explorations have been focused on foaming factors and fermentation strategies, but a systematic summary and discussion are still lacking. Additionally, although these studies have not broken through the bottleneck of foaming, they are conducive to understanding the foaming mechanism and developing more effective rhamnolipids production strategies. Therefore, this review focuses on the effects of fermentation components and control conditions on foaming behavior and fermentation strategies responded to the severe foaming in rhamnolipids fermentation and systematically summarizes 6 impact factors and 9 fermentation strategies. Furthermore, the potentialities of 9 fermentation strategies for large-scale production are discussed and some further strategies are suggested. We hope this review can further facilitate the understanding of foaming factors and fermentation strategies as well as conducive to developing the more effective large-scale production strategies to accelerate the commercial production process of rhamnolipids.

Large-scale production of high-quality reduced graphene oxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shichoon Lee ◽  
Sung Hun Eom ◽  
Jin Suk Chung ◽  
Seung Hyun Hur
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Reduced Graphene

scholarly journals Novel Green Synthesis of Graphene Layers using Zante Currants and Graphene Oxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 2832-2837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Zaid Ansari ◽  
Mohammad Nadeem Lone ◽  
Shabana Sajid ◽  
Weqar Ahmad Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
First Time ◽  
Facile Route

The present work shows a facile route for the preparation of graphene layers and for the first time Zante currants extract used for the effective deoxygenation of graphene oxide has been reported. Zante currants (ZC) extract reduce effectively GO into few layered structures of graphene (FLG). The morphology of few layers graphene and graphene oxide (GO) were investigated by SEM and TEM. Reduction effect on graphene oxide confirm by other technique like Raman, FTIR, XRD and UV spectrophotometry. This procedure keep away the use of hazardous chemicals, thus providing a new hope for large scale production of chemically reduced graphene.

scholarly journals A Green Approach for Highly Reduction of Graphene Oxide by Supercritical Fluid

2014 ◽  
Vol 1004-1005 ◽  
pp. 1013-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Yi Kong ◽  
Yuuki Shiratori ◽  
Takeshi Sako ◽  
Futoshi Iwata
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Reduced Graphene

A green method to synthesize the reduced graphene oxide using supercritical fluid has been developed, which is an environmentally friendly and efficient route. The reduced graphene oxide has been examined by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy. We have also studied the effects of reduction temperatures and supercritical fluids on the electrical properties of reduced graphene oxide. It was found that ethanol has higher reducing capability than CO2at all temperatures (200 - 400°C) examined in this study for graphene oxide reduction. As a result, reduced graphene oxide (6300 S/m) from supercritical ethanol treatment has 5 times as high conductivity as that from supercritical CO2treatment at the reduction temperature of 400°C. This green process is applicable for large scale production of reduced graphene oxides for various practical applications.

A Simple and Effective Method for the Preparation of Porous Graphene Nanosheets

2015 ◽  
Vol 719-720 ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Jin Sun ◽  
Qing Zhong Xue ◽  
Yong Gang Du ◽  
Fu Jun Xia ◽  
Qi Kai Guo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Green Method ◽  
Porous Graphene ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
One Step ◽  
Autogenous Pressure ◽  
The One

Porous graphene is a collection of graphene-related materials which exhibits properties distinct from those of graphene, and it has widespread potential applications in various fields. Several approaches have been developed to produce porous graphene. However, the large-scale production of porous graphene nanosheets still remains a great challenge. Moreover, the costs of some methods are prohibitive for its commercial production and the processes are too complicated and time-consuming. In this work, we propose a simple and green method by which graphene nanosheets can be etched by sodium hydroxide under autogenous pressure at 180 °C. The morphologies and surface elements of the porous graphene nanosheets and sizes of pores were characterized. It is demonstrated that the one-step etching of graphene nanosheets is an effective method to obtain large-scale porous graphene nanosheets with high and uniform porosity. The pores in the porous graphene nanosheets were 6 nm depth (the same as the thickness of the graphene nanosheets) and 30-50 nm width.

Simple approach for large-scale production of reduced graphene oxide films

2014 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
pp. 340-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Bin Gao ◽  
Diana C. Vanegas ◽  
Eric S. McLamore ◽  
June Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Reduced Graphene

scholarly journals A Facile Method for Batch Preparation of Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Fang Hung ◽  
Chia Cheng ◽  
Chun-Kai Huang ◽  
Chii-Rong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reduction Technique ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Π Stacking Interaction

The electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) is an environmentally friendly and energy-saving method for improving the characteristics of GO. However, GO films must be coated on the cathode electrode in advance when usingthis technique. Thus, the formed electrochemically reduced GO (ERGO) films can be used only as sensing or conductive materials in devices because mass production of the flakes is not possible. Therefore, this study proposes a facile electrochemical reduction technique. In this technique, GO flakes can be directly used as reduced materials, and no GO films are required in advance. A 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline solution was used as the electrolyte, which is a highly safe chemical agent. Experimental results revealed that the as-prepared GO flakes were electrochemically reduced to form ERGO flakes by using a −10 V bias for 8 h. The ratio of the D-band and G-band feature peaks was increased from 0.86 to 1.12, as revealed by Raman spectroscopy, the π-π stacking interaction operating between the ERGO and GO has been revealed by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and the C–O ratio was increased from 2.02 to 2.56, as indicated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of the ERGO film (3.83 × 10−1 S·cm−1) was considerably better than that of the GO film (7.92 × 10−4 S·cm−1). These results demonstrate that the proposed electrochemical reduction technique can provide high-quality ERGO flakes and that it has potential for large-scale production.

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