scholarly journals Controlling the Chemistry of Nanoclusters: From Atomic Precision to Controlled Assembly

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Srestha Basu ◽  
Anumita Paul ◽  
Rodolphe Antoine
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Atomic Clusters ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Metal Nanoclusters ◽  
Synthetic Strategy ◽  
Structural Regularity ◽  
Atomic Precision ◽  
Chemical Purity ◽  
Key Techniques ◽  
Unique Chemical

Metal nanoclusters have gained prominence in nanomaterials sciences, owing to their atomic precision, structural regularity, and unique chemical composition. Additionally, the ligands stabilizing the clusters provide great opportunities for linking the clusters in higher order dimensions, eventually leading to the formation of a repertoire of nanoarchitectures. This makes the chemistry of atomic clusters worth exploring. In this mini review, we aim to focus on the chemistry of nanoclusters. Firstly, we summarize the important strategies developed so far for the synthesis of atomic clusters. For each synthetic strategy, we highlight the chemistry governing the formation of nanoclusters. Next, we discuss the key techniques in the purification and separation of nanoclusters, as the chemical purity of clusters is deemed important for their further chemical processing. Thereafter which we provide an account of the chemical reactions of nanoclusters. Then, we summarize the chemical routes to the spatial organization of atomic clusters, highlighting the importance of assembly formation from an application point of view. Finally, we raise some fundamentally important questions with regard to the chemistry of atomic clusters, which, if addressed, may broaden the scope of research pertaining to atomic clusters.

A GALLERY OF CHUA ATTRACTORS PART VI

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (06) ◽  
pp. 1801-1910 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELEONORA BILOTTA ◽  
GIANPIERO DI BLASI ◽  
FAUSTO STRANGES ◽  
PIETRO PANTANO
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Methodological Approaches

In this article, we conclude our series of papers on the analysis and visualization of Chua attractors and their generalizations. We present a gallery of 144 n-scroll, 15 hyperchaotic and 37 synchronized systems. Along with time series and FFT we provide 3D visualizations; for some attractors we also supply Lyapunov coefficients and fractal dimensions. The goal in constructing our Gallery has been to make the general public aware of the enormous variety of chaotic phenomena and to change the widespread impression that they are isolated rarities. The Gallery provides a valuable collection of images and technical data which can be used to analyze these phenomena and to reproduce them in future studies. From a scientific point of view, we have tried to identify new methodological approaches to the study of chaos, opening nontraditional perspectives on the complexity of this domain. In our papers, we have discussed a broad range of topics, ranging from techniques for visualizing Chua attractors to computational methods allowing us to make a statistical classification of attractors' positions in phase space and to describe the evolutionary processes through which their shapes change over time. We see these processes as analogous to population dynamics in artificial environments. Within these environments, we use experimental methods to identify the models which guide morphogenetic change and which organize genetic landscapes in parameter space. This paper is organized as follows. First, we provide formal descriptions of the attractors generated by n-scroll, hyperchaotic and synchronized systems. The next section describes a Gallery of Chua attractors, generated by gradually varying the parameters and analyzing the resulting bifurcation maps. We then describe software tools allowing us to perform statistical analyses on selected sets of attractors, to visualize them, to explore their organization in phase space, and to conduct experimental investigations of the morphogenetic processes through which a small set of base attractors can generate a broad range of different forms. In the last section, we describe the creation of a Virtual 3D Gallery displaying some of the attractors we have presented in our six papers. The attractors are organized by theme, as they might be in a museum. The environment allows users to explore the attractors, interact with shapes, listen to music and sounds generated by the attractors, change their spatial organization, and create new shapes. To complete the paper — and the series — we propose a number of general conclusions.

scholarly journals Bringing Space Back in: Organizing the Generative Building

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1095-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kornberger ◽  
Stewart R. Clegg
Keyword(s):  
Organization Theory ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Positive Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

In this article, we re.ect on architecture and management and organization theory, in terms of their mutual implications. We focus especially on a tacit implication in mainstream organization theory, which has an architectural genesis. In the past, management has been largely undergirded by a Cartesian rationality, one seen most clearly in the argument that structure follows strategy. Architecturally, this Cartesianism is present in the injunction that form follows function. Criticizing this point of view, we argue that organizations should be thought of as material, spatial ensembles — not just cognitive abstractions writ large. Linking space and organization in this way, we re.ect on the power that every spatial organization necessarily implies, both in negative and positive terms. After examining existing approaches to this issue, we discuss some positive power implications for management. We introduce the concept of the generative building that, instead of being a merely passive container for actions happening in it, contributes positively towards an organization’s capacities. We conclude with a re.ection on the impact of the generative building on management and processes of organizing.

Molecular interactions shaping the tetraspanin web

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjoerd J. van Deventer ◽  
Vera-Marie E. Dunlock ◽  
Annemiek B. van Spriel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Intramolecular Interactions ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Partner Proteins ◽  
Insight Into

To facilitate the myriad of different (signaling) processes that take place at the plasma membrane, cells depend on a high degree of membrane protein organization. Important mediators of this organization are tetraspanin proteins. Tetraspanins interact laterally among themselves and with partner proteins to control the spatial organization of membrane proteins in large networks called the tetraspanin web. The molecular interactions underlying the formation of the tetraspanin web were hitherto mainly described based on their resistance to different detergents, a classification which does not necessarily correlate with functionality in the living cell. To look at these interactions from a more physiological point of view, this review discusses tetraspanin interactions based on their function in the tetraspanin web: (1) intramolecular interactions supporting tetraspanin structure, (2) tetraspanin–tetraspanin interactions supporting web formation, (3) tetraspanin–partner interactions adding functional partners to the web and (4) cytosolic tetraspanin interactions regulating intracellular signaling. The recent publication of the first full-length tetraspanin crystal structure sheds new light on both the intra- and intermolecular tetraspanin interactions that shape the tetraspanin web. Furthermore, recent molecular dynamic modeling studies indicate that the binding strength between tetraspanins and between tetraspanins and their partners is the complex sum of both promiscuous and specific interactions. A deeper insight into this complex mixture of interactions is essential to our fundamental understanding of the tetraspanin web and its dynamics which constitute a basic building block of the cell surface.

Spatial Organization and Semantic Modelling of Historical Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Eleni Gkadolou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
Semantic Modelling ◽  
Scientific Mission ◽  
The Status ◽  
First Results ◽  
Narrative Medium

This article presents the methodological framework and the first results of the research towards the spatial organization and semantic modelling of the work of the French Scientific Mission (1828-1829), the first systematic mapping of the Hellenic State. Ultimate goal of this research is to create an integrated spatial database that incorporates the geographic information from the historical maps enriched with multimedia and texts from the published work of the Mission. For this, the technological approaches suggested by the Semantic Web have been followed introducing the concepts of semantic interoperability and geographic data models in the management of historical data. Eventually, the historical map becomes the medium on which the historical data are organized as well as the narrative medium that conveys the historical knowledge to the wider public illuminating the status of the Hellenic State at the time of its establishment, from a spatial point of view.

Atomic-precision engineering of metal nanoclusters

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (31) ◽  
pp. 10701-10707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangsha Du ◽  
Rongchao Jin
Keyword(s):  
Single Electron ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Metal Nanoclusters ◽  
Electron Level ◽  
Precision Engineering ◽  
Atomic Precision

This frontier article illustrates single-atom, single-electron level engineering for tailoring the properties of metal nanoclusters using gold as a model.

scholarly journals CLUSTER AS A STRUCTURAL UNIT OF TERRITORY SPATIAL ORGANIZATION IN RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. I. Tarasova ◽  
A. V. Kinsht
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Structural Unit ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Domestic Practice ◽  
Innovative Economy

The concept of cluster is widely used in various fields of knowledge and, above all, in the economy. In recent decades, the term has become increasingly common in the area of spatial planning. However, the definition proposed by economic science does not reveal the essence of the cluster for use in this area. The term cluster has entered into domestic practice in the transition to an innovative economy and the subsequent reindustrialization of the country. Nevertheless, the elaboration of the issue from the point of view of territorial planning is clearly not enough. Based on the analysis of available interpretations, the article proposes an expanded formulation of the concept of cluster, which corresponds to economic approaches and can be considered as a structural unit of spatial organization of the environment in urban planning. The attempt of the structural description of the territorial cluster taking into account features of economic development of Russia and formation of industrial infrastructure is carried out.

THE ROLE OF THE FUTUROLOGICAL CONCEPTS OF THE XX CENTURY IN THE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF MODULAR ARCHITECTURAL OBJECTS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kizilova
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Floating Structures ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Modular Structures

The aim of the research is identifying the role of the futurological theories of the XX century in the mod-ern design of modular structures in the water environment. The leading research approach is based on the analysis of the principles of habitat organization from the point of view of the main visionary concepts of the XX century, which developed the idea of life on the water in the future, such as: architectural "metabolism", "mobile" architecture, arсology, architectural biomimetics and bionics. The approaches outlined in the framework of the futurological concepts of the last century include modularity, interchangeability of struc-tural elements, adaptation to changes in climatic conditions, application of the principles of growth and ag-gregation in natural systems to the architecture. The revealed approaches have been elaborated in the contemporary architectural concepts devoted to the development of the extreme water environment. Based on the analysis of implemented and conceptual pro-jects of the floating structures on the water, the types of spatial organization of modules are identified: line-ar, continuous, multiple, arbitrary, centralized. A graphical diagram illustrating the mechanism of aggrega-tion of modules for each type is made. These typologies can be applied in further design and experimental developments and theoretical studies in the field of biosphere-compatible architecture in the context of the aquatic environment.

Co-Processing Technology of Mining and Municipal Solid Waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2751-2755
Author(s):  
Li Jie Guo ◽  
Guang Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Research Status ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Key Techniques

First of all, hazards of mined-out areas and municipal solid waste are analyzed. Then according to the research status of municipal solid waste processing and mine filling technologies, both of the environmental issues are researched. From the point of view that municipal solid waste and mined-out areas can be regarded as resources to each other, co-processing technology of mining and municipal solid waste is proposed. Research contents and key techniques of this technology are discussed, which contain classification and preprocessing technologies of the filled waste, experiment of filling materials ratio and the techniques of filling municipal solid waste. This technology can not only help to process the municipal solid waste cleanly, but also control the disasters of mined-out areas, so it has an important practical significance.

scholarly journals MODERN TRENDS OF FUNCTIONAL-PLANNING FORMATION OF ICE FACILITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
M. Tryuhan ◽  
M. Barabash
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Sports Facilities ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World

The article is devoted to the development of ice sports facilities. The current trends in the development of the architecture of ice arenas and sports facilities in the world are described. The functions of modern ice sports facilities and their transformation from the beginning of the appearance of the first indoor ice arenas are considered. Changes in the typology of ice arenas are considered in connection with the modern conditions of urban life and with the development of construction and engineering technologies. The conditions for the architectural formation of sports facilities with artificial ice are presented. The analysis of domestic and foreign experience in the design of modern sports ice facilities reveals the features of the space-planning structure of urban planning conditions. The prospects for the development of ice sports facilities from the point of view of the multifunctionality and universality of buildings are described. Possible measures aimed at improving the energy efficiency of sports ice arenas and complexes are presented. The article touches upon the issue of ensuring the safety of people in the conditions of their mass congestion at sports events through the architectural and spatial organization of the building and the adjacent territory. Multifunctionality, all-season nature, as well as the growing trend of filling sports ice facilities with public entertainment functions will attract a large number of people to visit ice arenas, as well as raise the level of public interest in sports

scholarly journals The Effects of Spatial Organization of Networking Knowledge-intensive Enterprises from the Point of View of Spatial Planning

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Mrozińska
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

Przedmiotem niniejszej pracy są sieci powiązań tworzone przez przedsiębiorstwa, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem firm intensywnie wykorzystujących wiedzę. Celem pracy jest identyfikacja i próba oceny efektów usieciowienia tych przedsiębiorstw, efektów, jakie niesie za sobą organizacja przestrzenna sieci, a które mogą mieć istotne znaczenie dla polityki przestrzennej. W artykule powołano się na prace badawcze polskich i zagranicznych autorów, które powstały w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku. Działalność usieciowionych przedsiębiorstw intensywnie wykorzystujących wiedzę wymaga wnikliwej analizy pod kątem obserwowanych, a także potencjalnych efektów widocznych w przestrzeni, w związku z charakterem prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej tych podmiotów, który to nie wymaga, w wielu przypadkach, bliskości przestrzennej uczestników sieci. Na podstawie przedstawionych w artykule badań można zaobserwować różny charakter efektów rozwoju gospodarki opartej na wiedzy w przestrzeni. Procesy usieciowienia przedsiębiorstw mogą prowadzić do negatywnych skutków w postaci nadmiernej koncentracji funkcji zarządzającej i wysysania zasobów z mniej rozwiniętych i mniej atrakcyjnych regionów eskalowanych przez procesy migracyjne. Jednocześnie drugi z przykładów wskazuje, że te same procesy w innych warunkach rozwojowych mogą być odbierane pozytywnie, jako szansa na tworzenie świetnie skomunikowanych z wielkim światem terenów policentrycznego rozwoju na obszarach dotychczas zdominowanych przez małe i średnie miasteczka, które wykorzystują powiązania z węzłami o światowym i międzynarodowym znaczeniu jako pas transmisyjny dla własnego rozwoju.

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