scholarly journals Supplementation-Dependent Effects of Vegetable Oils with Varying Fatty Acid Compositions on Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Women

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciene Oliveira-de-Lira ◽  
Eduila Santos ◽  
Raphael de Souza ◽  
Rhowena Matos ◽  
Matilde Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Chia Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Fatty acid (FA) composition is a determinant of the physiological effects of dietary oils. This study investigated the effects of vegetable oil supplementation with different FA compositions on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in obese women on a hypocaloric diet with lifestyle modifications. Seventy-five women (body mass index, BMI, 30–39.9kg/m2) were randomized based on 8-week oil supplementation into four experimental groups: the coconut oil group (CoG, n = 18), the safflower oil group (SafG, n = 19), the chia oil group (ChG, n = 19), and the soybean oil placebo group (PG, n = 19). Pre- and post-supplementation weight, anthropometric parameters, and body fat (%BF), and lean mass percentages (%LM) were evaluated, along with biochemical parameters related to lipid and glycidemic profiles. In the anthropometric evaluation, the CoG showed greater weight loss (Δ% = −8.54 ± 2.38), and reduced BMI (absolute variation, Δabs = −2.86 ± 0.79), waist circumference (Δabs = −6.61 ± 0.85), waist-to-height ratio (Δabs = −0.041 ± 0.006), conicity index (Δabs = −0.03 ± 0.016), and %BF (Δabs = −2.78 ± 0.46), but increased %LM (Δabs = 2.61 ± 1.40) (p < 0.001). Moreover, the CoG showed a higher reduction in biochemical parameters of glycemia (Δabs = −24.71 ± 8.13) and glycated hemoglobin (Δabs = −0.86 ± 0.28) (p < 0.001). The ChG showed a higher reduction in cholesterol (Δabs = −45.36 ± 0.94), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc; Δabs = −42.53 ± 22.65), and triglycerides (Δabs = −49.74 ± 26.3), but an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc; abs = 3.73 ± 1.24, p = 0.007). Coconut oil had a more pronounced effect on abdominal adiposity and glycidic profile, whereas chia oil had a higher effect on improving the lipid profile. Indeed, supplementation with different fatty acid compositions resulted in specific responses.

Combined Detection of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) is a Promising Pretreatment Biomarker for Predicting the Overall Prognosis (OS) of Neuroendocrine Tumours (NETs) in the Colorectum: A Case-Control Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Dan Wu ◽  
Yuanyuan Yang ◽  
Pingli Yu ◽  
Haobo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of free fatty acid (FFA) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in predicting colorectal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Methods One hundred patients with pathologically diagnosed colorectal NETs in 2011-2017 were enrolled, and the levels of FFA, HDL-C, low-density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (CHOL), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) between colorectal NET patients and healthy controls matched by age and sex were compared. In addition, the association of clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up data with FFA and HDL-C was analysed. Results FFA was overexpressed (0.55±0.23 vs. 0.48±0.11, P= 0.006) and HDL-C was underexpressed (1.31±0.41 vs. 1.41±0.29, P=0.046) in colorectal NETs. FFA ≥0.52 mmol/L predicted lymph node metastasis (LNM) (χ2 = 5.964, P=0.015), and HDL-C ≤1.0 mmol/L predicted tumour size ≥2 cm (χ2 = 5.647, P=0.017). No significant association was found between FFA and tumour size (P=0.142) or HDL-C and LNM (P=0.443). FFA ≥0.52 mmol/L (χ2 = 6.016, P=0.014) and HDL-C ≤1.0 mmol/L predicted worse overall survival (OS) (χ2 = 5.488, P=0.019). FFA ≥0.52 mmol/L in combination with HDL-C ≤1.0 mmol/L predicted an even worse prognosis in terms of OS (χ2 = 4.818, P=0.028). Conclusion FFA ≥0.52 mmol/L and HDL-C ≤1.0 mmol/L were promising cut-off values in predicting LNM, tumour size and worse OS in colorectal NETs.

Maternal obesity influences the endocrine cord blood profile of their offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Carvalho Mocarzel ◽  
Guillermo Coca Velarde ◽  
Roberto de Azevedo Antunes ◽  
Renato Augusto Moreira de Sá ◽  
Asim Kurjak
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
The Mean

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the endocrine cord blood characteristics of offspring from obese mothers with those of offspring from healthy controls.MethodsCross-sectional case control study. Setting: University medical centers. Patient(s): Offspring from obese mothers (n = 41) and healthy controls (n = 31). Intervention(s): Cord blood withdrawal from neonates. Main outcome measure(s): Cord blood total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), blood glucose (GL) and insulin (Ins).Result(s)Fetal GL and TGs were reduced in the offspring of obese women when compared to those in the offspring of the controls. The mean cord blood GL level was 47.8 mg/dL standard deviation (SD 33.1) in the offspring of the obese group vs. 57.9 mg/dL (SD 12.5) in the offspring of the control group, and the mean cord blood TG level was 26.5 (SD 33.6) in the offspring of the obese group vs. 34.6 (SD 12.3) in the offspring of the control group. Maternal obesity was also associated with reduced levels of TC and HDL-C in the pregnant women.ConclusionThe observed results suggest that GL and TGs in the cord blood of the offspring of obese mothers were significantly lower than those in the offspring of the control group.

What's New? Guidelines and Goals

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Patricia R. Wigle ◽  
Kim K. Birtcher
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Lipid Panel ◽  
Heart Blood ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Lung Institute

Several expert panels have written guidelines regarding the treatment of dyslipidemias. The recommendations from the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP); American Diabetes Association (ADA); American Heart Association (AHA); National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute (NHBLI); and National Kidney Foundation (NKF) will be reviewed. The guidelines agree on several points: using the fasting lipid panel as the initial screening tool, targeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) initially, and achieving lower LDL-C goals. Some guidelines are more aggressive than those of the NCEP: the ADA and AHA have defined low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as <50 mg/dL for women; the ADA recommends a need for drug therapy when the patient's total cholesterol, rather than LDL-C, is ≥135 mg/dL for patients who are older than 40 years; the NKF and the AHA have classified patients with chronic kidney disease in the high-risk category; and the AHA has revised the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome to include additional people. More patients are qualifying for lifestyle modifications and medication treatment. A subset of these patients may require combination cholesterol-lowering medications to reach the new goals. Pharmacists will need to keep current with the literature and be knowledgeable about the guidelines to maximize the care given to our patients.

scholarly journals Changes in fatty acid compositions of total serum and lipoprotein particles, in growing rats given protein-deficient diets with either hydrogenated coconut or salmon oils as fat sources

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Bouziane ◽  
Josiane Prost ◽  
Jacques Belleville
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Protein Malnutrition ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

The present study examines the effects of dietary saturated (hydrogenated coconut oil) and polyunsaturated (salmon oil) fats on the composition and metabolism of lipoproteins in growing rats fed on protein-deficient diets. Four groups of rats were fed on the following diets for 28 d: 200 g casein+50 g coconut oil (COC)/kg, 20 g casein+50 g coconut oil (COd)/kg, 200 g casein + 50 g salmon oil (SAC)/kg, 20 g casein+50 g salmon oil (SAd)/kg. Both protein-deficient groups exhibited low concentrations of protein and triacylglycerol (in serum, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein-high-density lipoprotein, (LDL-HDL1) and HDL2-3), of cholesterol (in LDL-HDL1) and of phospholipids (in VLDL). Furthermore, serum and VLDL cholesterol concentrations were also reduced in the SAd group. Compared with rats given 200 g casein/kg diets, those fed on low-protein diets presented lower linoleic and arachidonic acid levels, in serum phospholipids and a dramatic decrease in the polyunsaturated: saturated fatty acid value. Relative amounts of linoleic and arachidonic acids in phospholipids of VLDL and HDL2-3 were also lowered in the Cod group but not in the SAd group. However, proportions of 22:5n-6 and 22:6n-3 in VLDL and HDL2-3 phospholipid fractions were enhanced in the Cod and SAd groups respectively. The most affected apolipoproteins (apo) were apo B100 and apo B48 in rats fed on protein-deficient diets, apo A1 and apo E in the Cod group, and apo AIV, in the SAd group. Compared with rats fed hydrogenated coconut oil diets, those fed salmon oil diets had enhanced LDL-HDL1 and HDL2-3 but lower VLDL total apolipoproteins (mainly due to a fall in apo B100, and apo B48). Arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids, which are impaired by protein deficiency, are the precursors of prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes which are implicated in a number of regulatory processes. Our results demonstrate that protein malnutrition is associated with impaired metabolism of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Protein malnutrition and essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency are characterized by many common clinical features and the Link between the two may be an impaired production of eicosanoids, since arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids are the precursors of these important metabolic regulators. Because of the apparent involvement of EFA deficiency in the aetiology of protein malnutrition, it may he prudent to include adequate amounts of EFA in diets of infants suffering from kwashiorkor.

scholarly journals Comparative biochemical studies of aqueous extract of Egyptian black and raw garlic (Allium sativum) on hypercholesterolemia in rats fed a high-fat diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Abd El Wahab A. E. Safaa ◽  
◽  
A. M. Abdul Azeem ◽  
Mansour A. Amal ◽  
Al Shammari M. Eida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Concentration

Black garlic is a type of garlic that is processed for a specific period, with precisely controlled degrees of moisture and heat until the color of raw garlic turns black. Black garlic plays a strong role in preventing diseases such as hyperlipidemia. This study aims to compare the effect of Egyptian black garlic extract (EBG) and Egyptian raw garlic extract (ERG) at different concentrations on serum biochemical parameters in hyperlipidemia rats’ model. Fifty albino rats were divided randomly into 10 groups with five animals. Rats were fed a normal diet (control) G1, high-fat diet (HFD) 40% lard w/w were (G2- G10) for four weeks to promoting hypercholesterolemia for all rats except G1 (control). After that, HFD groups were treated with 1ml oral administration three times a week of 100% (G3), 75% (G4), 50% (G5), and 25% (G6) EBG extract for 6 weeks. G2 (HFD) was a high-fat diet alone without any extract. ERG extract feed group were treated in the same manner described above, and G7 (HFD+100% ERG extract), G8 (HFD+75% ERG extract), G9 (HFD+50% ERG extract), and G10 (HFD+25% ERG extract) as written here. EBG extract-treated group showed significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum (p < 0.05), decreased both level of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) in serum. EBG extract with high concentration (G3) causes down regulation of lipid and cholesterol (p < 0.05) comparing with ERG extract indicating usefulness for treating hypercholesterolemia. Body weights on rats decrease by feeding of EBG extract, along with liver enzymes decrease in EBG fed rats. This indicates the efficiency of black garlic extract in reducing the level of hypercholesterolemia and avoiding heart disease and atherosclerosis. Keywords: Allium sativum, garlic, black garlic, hypercholesterolemia, biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antihyperlipidaemic and Antioxidant Activity of Astercantha longifolia (Linn.) Nees and Pergularia daemia (Forsskal) Chiov

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
T. P. Kumari Pushpa Rani ◽  
A. Doss ◽  
S. P. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant and antihyperlipidaemic effect of methanol extracts of Asteracantha longifolia and Pergularia daemia leaf in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: Swiss albino rats were made diabetic by a single dose of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg i.p.). Blood glucose levels and body weights of rats were measured using on weekly intervals i.e day 0,7,14 and 21 after daily administration of both extracts at dose 200 mg/kg bw. Other biochemical parameters such as serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, phospholipids and serum protein, albumin, globulin levels were also measured at the end of study. The antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD & GSH) were also measured in the diabetic rats. Results: In the acute toxicity study, methanol extract of both plants were non-toxic at 2000 mg/kg in rats. The increased body weight, decreased blood glucose and other biochemical parameters level were observed in diabetic rats treated with methanol extracts of both plants compared to diabetic control rats. The antioxidant activity of both plant extracts were also exhibited significant activity. In diabetic rats, methanol extract of both plants administration, altered lipid profiles were reversed to near normal than diabetic control rats. Conclusions: Methanol extract of both plants (Asteracantha longifolia and Pergularia daemia) leaf possesses significant antioxidant and antihyperlipidaemic activity in diabetic rats.

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