scholarly journals Comparative biochemical studies of aqueous extract of Egyptian black and raw garlic (Allium sativum) on hypercholesterolemia in rats fed a high-fat diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Abd El Wahab A. E. Safaa ◽  
◽  
A. M. Abdul Azeem ◽  
Mansour A. Amal ◽  
Al Shammari M. Eida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Concentration

Black garlic is a type of garlic that is processed for a specific period, with precisely controlled degrees of moisture and heat until the color of raw garlic turns black. Black garlic plays a strong role in preventing diseases such as hyperlipidemia. This study aims to compare the effect of Egyptian black garlic extract (EBG) and Egyptian raw garlic extract (ERG) at different concentrations on serum biochemical parameters in hyperlipidemia rats’ model. Fifty albino rats were divided randomly into 10 groups with five animals. Rats were fed a normal diet (control) G1, high-fat diet (HFD) 40% lard w/w were (G2- G10) for four weeks to promoting hypercholesterolemia for all rats except G1 (control). After that, HFD groups were treated with 1ml oral administration three times a week of 100% (G3), 75% (G4), 50% (G5), and 25% (G6) EBG extract for 6 weeks. G2 (HFD) was a high-fat diet alone without any extract. ERG extract feed group were treated in the same manner described above, and G7 (HFD+100% ERG extract), G8 (HFD+75% ERG extract), G9 (HFD+50% ERG extract), and G10 (HFD+25% ERG extract) as written here. EBG extract-treated group showed significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum (p < 0.05), decreased both level of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) in serum. EBG extract with high concentration (G3) causes down regulation of lipid and cholesterol (p < 0.05) comparing with ERG extract indicating usefulness for treating hypercholesterolemia. Body weights on rats decrease by feeding of EBG extract, along with liver enzymes decrease in EBG fed rats. This indicates the efficiency of black garlic extract in reducing the level of hypercholesterolemia and avoiding heart disease and atherosclerosis. Keywords: Allium sativum, garlic, black garlic, hypercholesterolemia, biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals Effect of Antioxidant-rich Nutraceuticals in the Management of High Fat Diet-induced Obesity in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Jude Nwaogu ◽  
Ibrahim Babangida Abubakar ◽  
Chizoba Maria Udeze ◽  
Ukperoro Uyoyo Jeremiah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Obesity, a metabolic disorder caused by an imbalance in energy intake and energy expenditure, is a major risk factor for chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular heart diseases (CHD) and some types of cancer. This research was designed to investigate the effect of antioxidant rich- nutraceuticals in the management of high fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Method: Induction of obesity was achieved by feeding rats with a formulated high fat diet (HFD) for ten (10) weeks. Rats were subsequently group administered 250mg/kg body weight and 500mg/kg body weight of the nutraceutical respectively while apple cider vinegar of 5ml/kg body weight was administered to the standard group.        Result: Supplementation showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in the glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein- cholesterol, malondialdehyde and increased in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and antioxidant status as compared with untreated high fat diet groups. However, there was no significant difference between supplementation of 500mg/kg and the standard group treated with 5ml/kg of Apple cider vinegar. Conclusion: Antioxidant rich nutraceuticals could provide a protective effect against oxidative stress in obesity and remedy complications associated with obesity by reversing the damage to near normal.

scholarly journals Effect of Soybean and Soybean Koji on Obesity and Dyslipidemia in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6032
Author(s):  
Sihoon Park ◽  
Jae-Joon Lee ◽  
Hye-Won Shin ◽  
Sunyoon Jung ◽  
Jung-Heun Ha
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Soybean koji refers to steamed soybeans inoculated with microbial species. Soybean fermentation improves the health benefits of soybeans. Obesity is a serious health concern owing to its increasing incidence rate and high association with other metabolic diseases. Therefore, we investigated the effects of soybean and soybean koji on high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8/group) as follows: (1) regular diet (RD), (2) high-fat diet (HFD), (3) HFD + steamed soybean (HFD+SS), and (4) HFD + soybean koji (HFD+SK). SK contained more free amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids than SS. In a rat model of obesity, SK consumption significantly alleviated the increase in weight of white adipose tissue and mRNA expression of lipogenic genes, whereas SS consumption did not. Both SS and SK reduced serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. SS and SK also inhibited lipid accumulation in the liver and white adipose tissue and reduced adipocyte size. Although both SS and SK could alleviate HFD-induced dyslipidemia, SK has better anti-obesity effects than SS by regulating lipogenesis. Overall, SK is an excellent functional food that may prevent obesity.

scholarly journals Regulatory Efficacy of Spirulina platensis Protease Hydrolyzate on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Hua ◽  
Zhiying Yu ◽  
Yu Xiong ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Lina Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
High Fat

Lipid metabolism disorder (LMD) is a public health issue. Spirulina platensis is a widely used natural weight-reducing agent and Spirulina platensis is a kind of protein source. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Spirulina platensis protease hydrolyzate (SPPH) on the lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Our study showed that SPPH decreased the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST), but increased the level of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in serum and liver. Moreover, SPPH had a hypolipidemic effect as indicated by the down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), SREBP-1c, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and the up-regulation of adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα (PPARα) at the mRNA level in liver. SPPH treatment enriched the abundance of beneficial bacteria. In conclusion, our study showed that SPPH might be produce glucose metabolic benefits in rats with diet-induced LMD. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of SPPH on the metabolism remain to be further investigated. Collectively, the above-mentioned findings illustrate that Spirulina platensis peptides have the potential to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders, and our data provides evidence that SPPH might be used as an adjuvant therapy and functional food in obese and diabetic individuals.

scholarly journals Protective role of eclipta alba against hyperlipidemia induced by high-fat diet in albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1181-1184
Author(s):  
Satheesh Naik K ◽  
Gurushanthaiah M ◽  
Nagesh Raju G ◽  
Lokanadham S ◽  
Seshadri Reddy V
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Eclipta Alba ◽  
Wistar Strain

Eclipta Alba has been used in traditional and folklore medicine to treat Hyperlipidemia and hepatic disorders. The present study was aimed to investigate the Antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective potentials of Eclipta Alba in high-fat diet -induced Albino rats and to determine the underlying mechanism.  A total of 30 adult albino rats of Wistar strain weighing 165–215 g were utilized. Animals were treated with high-fat diet for 8 weeks followed by post-treatment of E. Alba for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks, respectively. After 12 h of fasting on the last day of the experiment, serum blood samples were collected in EDTA vials and processed for biochemical analysis.  A significant decrease in levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides was noted on animals treated with E. alba compared to high-fat diet animals. Treatment of hypercholesterolemic rats with E. Alba showed a marked decrease of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL cholesterol concentrations compared to the hypercholesterolemic rats. High-fat diet feeding worsened the levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes, whereas the same markers were significantly improved by supplementation with E. alba compared to the normal group.  E. alba acts as an antihyperlipidemic agent in hyperlipidemic conditions and helps for better health.

scholarly journals Gypenosides Altered Hepatic Bile Acids Homeostasis in Mice Treated with High Fat Diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanliu Lu ◽  
Yimei Du ◽  
Lin Qin ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Lipid Level ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Conjugated Bile Acids

Gypenosides extracted from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino have significant role in reducing serum lipid level and treating fatty liver diseases, however, without clear mechanism. As gypenosides share the similar core structures with bile acids (the endogenous ligands of nuclear receptor FXR), we hypothesize that gypenosides may improve hypercholesterolemia via FXR-mediated bile acids signaling. The present study was designed to validate the role of gypenosides in reducing levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as in regulating bile acids homeostasis and related gene expression levels. The C57BL/6 male mice were divided into four groups. Mice in groups ND and HFD were fed with normal diet and high fat diet for 38 weeks, respectively. In groups HFD+GP and HFD+ST, mice were fed with high fat diet for 38 weeks and treated with gypenosides and simvastatin (positive control) from weeks 16 to 38, respectively. Serum TC and LDL-C levels were assayed by commercially available kits. Expression levels of genes were tested by the quantitative real-time PCR. The LC-MS/MS was applied to quantify major bile acids in mice livers. Our results showed that gypenosides significantly decreased serum TC and LDL-C levels. The gene expression level of Shp was downregulated while the levels of Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1, Fxr, Lrh1, Jnk1/2, and Erk1/2 were upregulated by gypenosides. Indicated by LC-MS/MS technology, gypenosides increased the hepatic levels of several free bile acids and most taurine-conjugated bile acids while decreasing glycine-conjugated bile acids levels. In addition, gypenosides decreased the CA/CDCA ratio. Gypenosides may improve the abnormal lipid profile of HFD-fed mice via two pathways: (1) enhancing the bile acids biosynthesis from cholesterol; (2) decreasing the CA/CDCA ratio which is positively related to cholesterol absorption.

PREFEEDING OF HIGH FAT DIET AND RESISTANCE OF RATS TO INTENSE COLD

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Three groups of 16 albino rats were fed for 45 days, group I, a normal diet of pellets containing 3.5% fat; group II, a diet containing 17% fat in the form of oil; and group III, a diet containing 17% fat in the form of lard. On exposure to cold, the drop of rectal temperature in group I was faster and more pronounced than in group II or group III. It was shown that the larger amount of fat accumulated in the animals fed a high fat diet could not explain, either as a source of energy reserves or as an insulator, the superiority of these diets in maintaining the rectal temperatures at higher levels in the cold. It is postulated that prefeeding of a high fat diet induces changes in the organism which permit higher sustained rates of heat production in the cold.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effect of Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol Isolated from Brown Alga Ishige okamurae in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Ding ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
SeungTae Im ◽  
Ouibo Hwang ◽  
Hyun-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Ishige Okamurae

Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) is one of the most abundant bioactive compounds in Ishige okamurae. The previous study suggested that DPHC possesses strong in vitro anti-obesity activity in 3T3-L1 cells. However, the in vivo anti-obesity effect of DPHC has not been determined. The current study explored the effect of DPHC on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice. The results indicated that oral administration of DPHC (25 and 50 mg/kg/day for six weeks) significantly and dose-dependently reduced HFD-induced adiposity and body weight gain. DPHC not only decreased the levels of triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leptin, and aspartate transaminase but also increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum of HFD mice. In addition, DPHC significantly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation by reduction of expression levels of the critical enzymes for lipogenesis including SREBP-1c, FABP4, and FAS. Furthermore, DPHC remarkably reduced the adipocyte size, as well as decreased the expression levels of key adipogenic-specific proteins and lipogenic enzymes including PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, FABP4, and FAS, which regulate the lipid metabolism in the epididymal adipose tissue (EAT). Further studies demonstrated that DPHC significantly stimulated the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in both liver and EAT. These results demonstrated that DPHC effectively prevented HFD-induced obesity and suggested that DPHC could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for attenuating obesity and obesity-related diseases.

scholarly journals Melatonin Improves Fatty Liver Syndrome by Inhibiting the Lipogenesis Pathway in Hamsters with High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Hsuan Ou ◽  
Yu-Tang Tung ◽  
Ting-Hsuan Yang ◽  
Yi-Wen Chien
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Hepatic Lipid

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on hepatic lipid metabolism in hamsters with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced dyslipidemia. Male Syrian hamsters were kept on either a chow control (C) or HFD for four weeks. After four weeks, animals fed the HFD were further randomly assigned to four groups: high-fat only (P), melatonin low-dosage (L), medium-dosage (M), and high-dosage (H) groups. The L, M, and H groups, respectively, received 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg/day of a melatonin solution, while the P and C groups received the ethanol vehicle. After eight weeks of the intervention, results showed that a low dose of melatonin significantly reduced HFD-induced hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides; decreased plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and increased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05). In addition, melatonin markedly decreased activities of the hepatic lipogenic enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) (p < 0.05), and elevated the relative hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α expression in hamsters with HFD-induced hyperlipidemia. Consequently, melatonin reduced activities of the hepatic lipogenic enzymes, ACC and FAS. In summary, chronic melatonin administration improved HFD-induced dyslipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation in Syrian hamsters with HFD-induced dyslipidemia, which might have occurred through inhibiting the lipogenesis pathway.

scholarly journals Effect of febuxostat on biochemical parameters of hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet in rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 611-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Heikal ◽  
Ahmed A. Shaaban ◽  
Wagdi F. Elkashef ◽  
Tarek M. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Febuxostat, a highly potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an antioxidant effect, inhibits elevated xanthine oxidase, leading to reduction of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, the main causes of vascular inflammation in hyperlipidemia. The aim of this study was to test the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of febuxostat and (or) stopping a high-fat diet on the biochemical parameters in rabbits with hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet. Male New Zealand rabbits were distributed into 3 groups: a normal control group fed standard chow for 12 weeks and 2 other groups fed a high-fat diet with 1% cholesterol for 8 weeks, and then shifted to standard chow for 4 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, one high-fat diet group received 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose, whereas the other group was treated with febuxostat (2 mg/kg per day p.o.). Febuxostat significantly lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (“bad” cholesterol) compared to the untreated group (high-fat diet group). Febuxostat also displayed a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity by decreasing serum levels of lipid peroxidation index, proinflammatory cytokines, and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity. Stopping the hyperlipidemic diet in the high-fat diet group did not show improvement. These findings indicate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of febuxostat that may be common mechanisms of the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of this drug. Stopping a hyperlipidemic diet without treatment is not sufficient once injury has occurred.

scholarly journals Antidyslipidemic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii (Stapf) Diels in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. B. Ibitoye ◽  
U. M. Ghali ◽  
J. B. Adekunle ◽  
J. N. Uwazie ◽  
T. O. Ajiboye
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii (Stapf) Diels leaves are widely used in the treatment of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular related complications in Nigeria. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory and antiobesity effect of aqueous extract of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii leaves in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese rats. HFD-fed rats were given 100, 200, and 400 mgkg−1 body weight of aqueous extract of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii leaves for 4 weeks starting from 9th week of HFD treatment. D. cumminsii leaves aqueous extract reversed HFD-mediated decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Moreover, HFD-mediated elevation in the levels of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and DNA fragmentation in rats liver was lowered. HFD-mediated alterations in serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly reversed by the extract. The treatment of HFD-fed rats reduced the levels of insulin, leptin, protein carbonyl, fragmented DNA, and tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin- (IL-) 6 and IL- 8 and increased the adiponectin level. This study showed that aqueous extract of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii leaves has potential antiobesity and anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of obesity-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and obesity-related disorder in HFD-induced obese rats.

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