Influence of Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Content and Density in Overweight and Obese Children with Low Adherence to the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern

The objective of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the associations of physical activity and the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) with bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in children with overweight and obesity. A total of 177 (n = 80 girls) children with overweight and obesity aged 8 to 12 years old participated in the study. Both BMC and BMD were assessed by Dual-Energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary patterns were assessed by the KIDMED questionnaire and two 24-hour recalls. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for 7 consecutive days (24 hours/day). Low adherence to the MDP was observed in 82.4% of participants. Higher physical activity levels (of at least moderate intensity) and lower sedentary time were significantly associated with BMC and BMD in children with low adherence to the MDP (all p < 0.05). No associations were observed between physical activity and BMC and BMD in children with high adherence to the MDP. In conclusion, engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity and reducing the time spent in sedentary behavior might be particularly beneficial for improving bone health in overweight or obese children with poor adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern.

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The Positive Relationship between Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Bone Mineral Content Is Not Mediated by Free Leptin Index in Prepubertal Children: The PANIC Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105365 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5365

Author(s):

Annie M. Constable ◽

Josie E. Porter ◽

Danielle Benger ◽

Dimitris Vlachopoulos ◽

Alan R. Barker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Total Body ◽

The Relationship

Purpose: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) positively influences bone mineral content (BMC) in prepubertal children, but it is unknown whether this relationship is partially mediated by free leptin index. The aim of this study was to examine whether the relationship between MVPA and total body less head (TBLH) BMC is mediated or moderated by free leptin index in prepubertal children. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 401 children (194 girls) from baseline examinations of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Childhood Study. We applied the four-way decomposition mediation analysis method to assess whether free leptin index, measured from fasted blood samples, mediated the relationship between accelerometer-measured MVPA and TBLH BMC measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: MVPA had a positive controlled direct effect on TBLH BMC in girls and boys (β = 0.010 to 0.011, p < 0.05). There was no mediation or interaction between MVPA, free leptin index and TBLH BMC in girls or boys (β = −0.000 to 0.001, p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study indicates that MVPA positively influences TBLH BMC through pathways not related to free leptin index in predominantly normal-weight prepubertal children, likely primarily through mechanical loading. The relationships between MVPA, free leptin index and TBLH BMC may be influenced by other factors such as pubertal status and adiposity, so it is unknown whether these observations extend to overweight and obese children at different stages of puberty.

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Lean Mass is a Stronger Predictor of Bone Mineral Content and Density than Fat Mass and Physical Activity in Young and Old Women

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000274737.65747.58 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 39 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S439

Author(s):

Gunnhildur Hinriksdóttir ◽

Sigurbjörn Á. Arngrímsson ◽

Mark M. Misic ◽

Daina M. Mallard ◽

Ellen M. Evans

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Mineral Content

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Effect of intense physical activity on the bone-mineral content in the lower limbs of young adults.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) ◽

10.2106/00004623-198769050-00031 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 793-794

Author(s):

R A Meals

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Intense Physical Activity

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Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern among Balearic Islands adolescents

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114509993576 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 103 (11) ◽

pp. 1657-1664 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Elisa Martínez ◽

Rosa Llull ◽

Maria del Mar Bibiloni ◽

Antoni Pons ◽

Josep A. Tur

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Parental Education ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Economic Status ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Balearic Islands ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽

The Mediterranean

The aim of the present work was to assess the prevalence of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) in Balearic Islands adolescents, and socio-demographic and lifestyle factors that might determine adherence to the MDP. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in the Balearic Islands between 2007 and 2008. A random sample (n1231) of the adolescent population (12–17 years old) was interviewed. Dietary questionnaires and a general questionnaire incorporating questions related to socio-economic status, parental education level and lifestyle factors were used. Dietary habits were assessed by means of two 24 h recalls and a quantitative FFQ. Adherence to the MDP was defined according to a score constructed considering the consumption of nine MDP characteristic components: high MUFA:SFA ratio, moderate ethanol consumption, high legumes, cereals and roots, fruits, vegetables and fish consumption, and low consumption of meat and milk. Then, socio-demographic, lifestyle and health status variables that could determine a higher or ower adherence were assessed. The mean adherence was 57·9 (sd8·9) % and the median adherence was 57·3 %. Half of the Balearic Islands adolescents (50·5 %) showed an adherence to the MDP comprised between 52·7 and 62·8 %. By multivariate analyses, a high maternal level of education, increased physical activity, reduced alcohol intake and abstinence from smoking were independent associations of better adherence to the MDP. The promotion of not only the MDP but also the Mediterranean lifestyle, including greater physical activity, should be reinforced among the Balearic younger generations.

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