Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern among Balearic Islands adolescents

The aim of the present work was to assess the prevalence of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) in Balearic Islands adolescents, and socio-demographic and lifestyle factors that might determine adherence to the MDP. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in the Balearic Islands between 2007 and 2008. A random sample (n1231) of the adolescent population (12–17 years old) was interviewed. Dietary questionnaires and a general questionnaire incorporating questions related to socio-economic status, parental education level and lifestyle factors were used. Dietary habits were assessed by means of two 24 h recalls and a quantitative FFQ. Adherence to the MDP was defined according to a score constructed considering the consumption of nine MDP characteristic components: high MUFA:SFA ratio, moderate ethanol consumption, high legumes, cereals and roots, fruits, vegetables and fish consumption, and low consumption of meat and milk. Then, socio-demographic, lifestyle and health status variables that could determine a higher or ower adherence were assessed. The mean adherence was 57·9 (sd8·9) % and the median adherence was 57·3 %. Half of the Balearic Islands adolescents (50·5 %) showed an adherence to the MDP comprised between 52·7 and 62·8 %. By multivariate analyses, a high maternal level of education, increased physical activity, reduced alcohol intake and abstinence from smoking were independent associations of better adherence to the MDP. The promotion of not only the MDP but also the Mediterranean lifestyle, including greater physical activity, should be reinforced among the Balearic younger generations.

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Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern among the population of the Balearic Islands

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20041209 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 341-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Josep A. Tur ◽

Dora Romaguera ◽

Antoni Pons

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Economic Status ◽

Adult Population ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Balearic Islands ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽

The Mediterranean

The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) in the population of the Balearic Islands and socio-demographic and lifestyle factors that might determine adherence to the MDP. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in the Balearic Islands between 1999 and 2000. A random sample (n 1200) of the adult population (16–65 years) was interviewed. Dietary questionnaires incorporating questions related to socio-economic status, education level, lifestyle factors and health status were utilised. Dietary habits were assessed by means of two 24 h recalls, and a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Adherence to the MDP was defined according to a score constructed considering the consumption of nine MDP characteristic components: high MUFA:saturated fatty acids ratio, moderate ethanol consumption, high legumes, cereals and roots, fruits, vegetables, and fish consumption, and low consumption of meat and milk. Then, socio-demographic, lifestyle and health status variables that could determine a higher or lower adherence were assessed. Adherence to the MDP among the population of the Balearic Islands was found to be 43·1 (sd 5·8) %, and was similar in all socio-demographic and lifestyle groups, with some differences according to age, sex and physical status. There was an increase in the percentage of adherence with age, which was greater in males than in females. A more physically active lifestyle was associated with a higher adherence to the MDP. The promotion of the Mediterranean lifestyle, including the MDP and greater physical activity, should be reinforced in the population of the Balearic Islands and especially in the younger generations.

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Clustering of lifestyle factors in Spanish university students: the relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and diet quality

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980012000080 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 2131-2139 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Carlos Moreno-Gómez ◽

Dora Romaguera-Bosch ◽

Pedro Tauler-Riera ◽

Miquel Bennasar-Veny ◽

Jordi Pericas-Beltran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

University Students ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Balearic Islands ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Processed Meat

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain the prevalence of and association between main lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking) in students from the Balearic Islands University.DesignA cross-sectional, descriptive study. A questionnaire including questions on lifestyle, dietary habits and physical activity habits was administered to the students. Four different diet quality scores were calculated (Diet Diversity Score, Mediterranean Diet Score, Dietary Guidelines Score and Global Dietary Guidelines Score).SettingA sample of students from the Balearic Islands University.SubjectsNine hundred and eighty-seven students (45·5 % males; mean age 21·5 (sd 3·3) years).ResultsThe dietary pattern of the student population was characterized by a low consumption of cereals and tubers, fruits, vegetables, olive oil, legumes and nuts, and a high consumption of processed meat, sweets, snacks, soft drinks and pastries. Linear, positive and statistically significant correlations were found between the number of meals consumed daily and all of the diet quality scores determined. Determinants of diet quality, both in the univariate and multivariate analyses, were physical activity practice, sex, age and number of meals consumed daily.ConclusionsRisk factors such as smoking, diet and physical inactivity had a tendency of clustering among Spanish university students. Overall diet quality was low, due to important departures from dietary recommendations and loss of the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern. Nutritional education campaigns that include promotion of physical activity practice are needed to improve the overall health status of this population.

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Influence of Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Content and Density in Overweight and Obese Children with Low Adherence to the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10081075 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1075 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Victoria Muñoz-Hernandez ◽

Lide Arenaza ◽

Luis Gracia-Marco ◽

Maria Medrano ◽

Elisa Merchan Ramirez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Obese Children ◽

Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽

The Mediterranean

The objective of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the associations of physical activity and the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) with bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in children with overweight and obesity. A total of 177 (n = 80 girls) children with overweight and obesity aged 8 to 12 years old participated in the study. Both BMC and BMD were assessed by Dual-Energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary patterns were assessed by the KIDMED questionnaire and two 24-hour recalls. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for 7 consecutive days (24 hours/day). Low adherence to the MDP was observed in 82.4% of participants. Higher physical activity levels (of at least moderate intensity) and lower sedentary time were significantly associated with BMC and BMD in children with low adherence to the MDP (all p < 0.05). No associations were observed between physical activity and BMC and BMD in children with high adherence to the MDP. In conclusion, engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity and reducing the time spent in sedentary behavior might be particularly beneficial for improving bone health in overweight or obese children with poor adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern.

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Clustering of Dietary Patterns and Lifestyles Among Spanish Children in the EsNuPI Study †

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092536 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2536

Author(s):

Julio Plaza-Díaz ◽

Esther Molina-Montes ◽

María José Soto-Méndez ◽

Casandra Madrigal ◽

Ángela Hernández-Ruiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Parental Education ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Principal Component ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Food Groups

Dietary patterns (DPs) are known to be tied to lifestyle behaviors. Understanding DPs and their relationships with lifestyle factors can help to prevent children from engaging in unhealthy dietary practices. We aimed to describe DPs in Spanish children aged 1 to <10 years and to examine their associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. The consumption of toddler and young children milk formulas, enriched and fortified milk within the Spanish pediatric population is increasing, and there is a lack of evidence whether the consumption of this type of milk is causing an impact on nutrient intakes and if they are helping to reach the nutrient recommendations. Within the Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population (EsNuPI), we considered two study cohorts and three different age groups in three year-intervals in each of them. The study cohort included 740 children in a representative sample of the urban non-vegan Spanish population and 772 children in a convenience cohort of adapted milk consumers (AMS) (including follow-on formula, toddler’s milk, growing up milk, and fortified and enriched milks) who provided information about sociodemographics, lifestyle, and dietary habits; a food frequency questionnaire was used for the latter. Principal component analysis was performed to identify DPs from 18 food groups. Food groups and sociodemographic/lifestyle variables were combined through a hierarchical cluster algorithm. Three DPs predominated in every age group and study sample: a palatable energy-dense food dietary pattern, and two Mediterranean-like DPs. However, children from the AMS showed a predominant dietary pattern markedly related to the Mediterranean diet, with high consumption of cereals, fruits and vegetables, as well as milk and dairy products. The age of children and certain lifestyle factors, namely level of physical activity, parental education, and household income, correlated closely with the dietary clusters. Thus, the findings provide insight into designing lifestyle interventions that could reverse the appearance of unhealthy DPs in the Spanish child population.

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Greek and Immigrant Kindergarteners’ Dietary Habits and BMI: Attica, Greece in Austere Times

Health Behavior and Policy Review ◽

10.14485/hbpr.7.6.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 498-510

Author(s):

Maria Chrissini ◽

◽

Ioanna Tsiligianni ◽

Dimitra Sifaki-Pistolla ◽

Nikolaos Tzanakis

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Ethnic Origin ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Immigrant Mothers ◽

School Year ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

The Mediterranean

Objective: In this study, we assessed Greek and immigrant kindergarteners’ and their families’ body mass index (BMI), nutritional habits, and level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet during the Greek austerity period beginning in 2009. Methods: A cross-sectional study in Attica, Greece, during the school year 2016-17, enrolling 578 guardian parents and 578 kindergarteners aged ≥ 5-6 years, from 63 public kindergartens in 36 municipalities in Attica’s prefecture. Results: Immigrant mothers experienced twice as high the unemployment rate (21.3%) than Greek mothers (10.5%), with consequent degradation in food products purchasing (p = .03)(non-Greeks 54.3%, Greeks: 49.1%). BMI rates between Greeks and immigrant participants were similar, with significant variations in several lifestyle habits, including Greek parents’ heavier smoking and higher physical activity in parents of different ethnic origin. KIDMED score was “poor” in both Greek and other identity kindergarteners, with slight differences in some of the Mediterranean dietary habits and patterns; strong correlation was expressed between the child’s BMI and KIDMED score, guardian parent’s age, BMI, and overall lifestyle. Conclusions: This study could be a springboard for further research in the understudied population of native and immigrant kindergarteners, reflecting on national and international initiatives and action plans to ensure that their similarities and differences are noted.

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Increased knowledge predicts greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Greek adolescents

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980008003170 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 208-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Paraskevi K Tsartsali ◽

Janice L Thompson ◽

Russell Jago

Keyword(s):

Family Income ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Economic Status ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Westernized Diet ◽

The Mediterranean

AbstractObjectivesTo examine knowledge of and adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) among Greek adolescents, assess associations between MDP knowledge and adherence with BMI, and determine socio-cultural factors predicting MDP compliance.DesignCross-sectional.SettingGreek adolescents aged 15–17 years.SubjectsTwo hundred adolescents (103 females, ninety-seven males) from six schools on the Greek island of Chios. The sampling procedure was similar for all schools; schools were randomly selected from different geographic areas and all municipalities. BMI was calculated from measured height and weight; participants completed four questionnaires assessing parents’ socio-economic status and education, adolescents’ perceived and actual MDP knowledge, past-week dietary habits, and MDP adherence.ResultsParticipants’ BMI indicated 64·5 % were normal weight and 35·5 % were overweight/obese (mean BMI 23·7 (sd 3·8) kg/m2). Over half had very poor MDP knowledge (58·5 %) and adherence (59·5 %); both perceived (F = 3·35, P = 0·037) and actual MDP knowledge (F = 3·45, P = 0·034) were significantly different across MDP adherence. Perceived MDP knowledge was positively correlated with vegetable consumption (r = 0·185, P = 0·009); actual knowledge was negatively correlated with meat consumption (r = −0·191, P = 0·007). BMI was negatively correlated with family income (r = −0·202, P = 0·004), indicating higher BMI in less affluent households. Actual MDP knowledge was the only significant predictor of MDP adherence (standardized β = 0·162, P = 0·030) in a model accounting for 7·3 % of overall variance.ConclusionsGreek adolescents reported consuming a more Westernized diet detached from the traditional MDP. Actual MDP knowledge and family income were important factors affecting MDP adherence and BMI, respectively. Promoting the traditional MDP among Greek adolescents and their families appears warranted.

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Interactions of Lifestyle Factors on the Risk of Anemia Among Taiwanese Adults

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab052_007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1004-1004

Author(s):

Rathi Paramastri ◽

Chien-Yeh Hsu ◽

Hsiu-An Lee ◽

Jane Chao

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Dietary Habit ◽

Health Examination ◽

Reduced Rank Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

High Adherence

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the association of lifestyle factors with the risk of anemia among adults in Taiwan. Methods This cross sectional study included 118,924 (43,055 men and 75,869 women) participants aged 20–45 years, who had health examination including blood tests, anthropometric measurements, and questionnaires to collect demographic, lifestyle, and dietary data at Mei Jau (MJ) Health Screening Center between 2000 to 2015. We evaluated the interactive associations of smoking, alcohol drinking, sleeping habit, physical activity, and dietary habit on the risk of anemia among study participants. The multivariable regression analysis was performed to examine the interactive correlations of lifestyle factors on the risk of anemia. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and attributable proportion (AP) were used for the estimation of additive interactions. The dietary pattern was derived by reduced rank regression. Results The anemia-inflammatory dietary pattern was heavily loaded on eggs, meat, organ meats, rice and flour products, fried rice or flour, sugary beverages, fried foods, and processed foods. Participants who actively smoked and had less sleep duration (< 6 hours/day) significantly increased the risk of anemia (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.30, RERI = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.24, AP = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.35, all Pinteraction < 0.05) compared to those who were non-smokers and had longer sleep duration (³ 7 hours/day). In addition, the interaction of less physically active (≤2 hours/week) and high adherence to anemia-inflammatory dietary pattern was positively correlate with the risk of anemia (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.18, RERI = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.34, AP = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.23, all Pinteraction < 0.05). Conclusions Smoking, less sleep duration (<6 hours/day), less physical activity (≤2 hours/week), and high adherence to anemia-inflammatory dietary pattern are associated with an increased risk of anemia. Funding Sources This study had no funding source.

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The Mediterranean Lifestyle (MEDLIFE) Index and Metabolic Syndrome in a US Working Population

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab053_034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1041-1041

Author(s):

Maria Hershey ◽

Mercedes Sotos-Prieto ◽

Miguel Ruiz-Canela ◽

Costas Christophi ◽

Steven Moffatt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Homeland Security ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lower Prevalence ◽

Working Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Continuous Outcomes ◽

The Mediterranean

Abstract Objectives The Mediterranean lifestyle (MEDLIFE), as an overall lifestyle pattern rather than individual factors, may be associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The objective was to study the association of a validated MEDLIFE index with metabolic syndrome and its components among a non-Mediterranean working population. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted at baseline among 249 US career firefighters in Feeding America's Bravest 2016–2018. The MEDLIFE index consisted of 26 items on food consumption, dietary habits, physical activity, rest, and social interactions that scored 0 or 1 point; scores theoretically could range from 0 to 26 points. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the associations across tertiles of MEDLIFE adherence with metabolic syndrome and its components. Additionally, multivariable linear regressions determined the extent to which each tertile predicted continuous outcomes. Results Metabolic syndrome was prevalent among 17.67% of our study population. Participants with higher MEDLIFE adherence (T3: 11–17 points) were 71% less likely to have metabolic syndrome compared to those with lower MEDLIFE adherence (T1: 2–7 points) (OR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.90, p for trend = 0.04). Furthermore, significant inverse associations were found for T3 versus T1 on abdominal obesity (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.99, p for trend = 0.07) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.63, p for trend = 0.002). Significant inverse associations for continuous outcomes included total-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and total-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p for trend < 0.05). Conclusions Higher adherence to a traditional Mediterranean lifestyle, measured by a comprehensive MEDLIFE index comprised of lifestyle habits beyond dietary intake and physical activity, may be associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome and a more favorable cardiometabolic profile in a non-Mediterranean working population. Future studies employing the MEDLIFE index are warranted to further study this hypothesis. Funding Sources US Department of Homeland Security.

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The Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Inflammation in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmaa116 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pei-Yu Wu ◽

Kuei-Min Chen ◽

Wan-Chi Tsai

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Meta Analyses

ABSTRACT This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between the Mediterranean dietary pattern and inflammation in older adults. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. A search of the literature was conducted up to June 2020 in 7 electronic databases, namely PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and ProQuest. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to assess the methodological quality. The overall standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CIs were estimated in random-effects meta-analyses. Thirteen studies were identified as having acceptable quality and were included in this systematic review: 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 1 quasi-experimental study, 1 cohort study, and 8 cross-sectional studies. The circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration was the most common inflammation indicator used. Results of the meta-analysis on 5 cross-sectional studies revealed a significant inverse association between the Mediterranean dietary pattern and inflammation as assessed by CRP (SMD = −0.26; 95% CI: −0.41, −0.11; P < 0.001). Other studies that investigated a variety of inflammation indicators other than CRP showed mixed results with regard to the relation between the Mediterranean dietary pattern and inflammation in older adults. Our findings suggest that the Mediterranean dietary pattern may be associated with lower inflammation in older adults. However, more long-term RCTs are required to demonstrate the effects of the Mediterranean dietary pattern on multiple inflammation parameters in older adults. The study has been registered on PROSPERO (#CRD42020140145).

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Dietary Patterns, Their Nutrients, and Associations with Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Factors in Older New Zealand Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113425 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3425

Author(s):

Karen Mumme ◽

Cathryn Conlon ◽

Pamela von Hurst ◽

Beatrix Jones ◽

Welma Stonehouse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

New Zealand ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Food Groups ◽

Higher Alcohol ◽

Living Situation ◽

Mediterranean Dietary Pattern

Dietary patterns analyse combinations of foods eaten. This cross-sectional study identified dietary patterns and their nutrients. Associations between dietary patterns and socio-demographic and lifestyle factors were examined in older New Zealand adults. Dietary data (109-item food frequency questionnaire) from the Researching Eating, Activity and Cognitive Health (REACH) study (n = 367, 36% male, mean age = 70 years) were collapsed into 57 food groups. Using principal component analysis, three dietary patterns explained 18% of the variation in diet. Dietary pattern associations with sex, age, employment, living situation, education, deprivation score, physical activity, alcohol, and smoking, along with energy-adjusted nutrient intakes, were investigated using regression analysis. Higher ‘Mediterranean’ dietary pattern scores were associated with being female, higher physical activity, and higher education (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.07). Higher ‘Western’ pattern scores were associated with being male, higher alcohol intake, living with others, and secondary education (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.16). Higher ‘prudent’ pattern scores were associated with higher physical activity and lower alcohol intake (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.15). There were positive associations between beta-carotene equivalents, vitamin E, and folate and ‘Mediterranean’ dietary pattern scores (p < 0.0001, R2 ≥ 0.26); energy intake and ‘Western’ scores (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.43); and fibre and carbohydrate and ‘prudent’ scores (p < 0.0001, R2 ≥ 0.25). Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors were associated with dietary patterns. Understanding relationships between these characteristics and dietary patterns can assist in health promotion.

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