A Natural Dietary Supplement with a Combination of Nutrients Prevents Neurodegeneration Induced by a High Fat Diet in Mice

Obesity and metabolic disorders can be risk factors for the onset and development of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of a natural dietary supplement (NDS), containing Curcuma longa, silymarin, guggul, chlorogenic acid and inulin, on dysmetabolism and neurodegeneration in the brains of high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Decrease in the expression of FACL-4, CerS-1, CerS-4, cholesterol concentration and increase in the insulin receptor expression and insulin signaling activation, were found in brains of NDS-treated HFD brains in comparison with HFD untreated-mice, suggesting that NDS is able to prevent brain lipid accumulation and central insulin resistance. In the brains of NDS-treated HFD mice, the levels of RNS, ROS and lipid peroxidation, the expression of p-ERK, H-Oxy, i-NOS, HSP60, NF-kB, GFAP, IL-1β, IL-6 and CD4 positive cell infiltration were lower than in untreated HFD mice, suggesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of NDS. The decreased expression of p-ERK and GFAP in NDS-treated HFD mice was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Lastly, a lower number of apoptotic nuclei was found in cortical sections of NDS-treated HFD mice. The present data indicate that NDS exerts neuroprotective effects in HFD mice by reducing brain fat accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammation and improving brain insulin resistance.

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A Natural Dietary Supplement with a Combination of Nutrients Prevents Neurodegeneration Induced by a High Fat Diet in Mice

10.20944/preprints201807.0219.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Domenico Nuzzo ◽

Antonella Amato ◽

Pasquale Picone ◽

Simona Terzo ◽

Giacoma Galizzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Dietary Supplement ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Protective Effects ◽

High Fat ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Signaling Activation ◽

Brain Insulin Resistance

Obesity and metabolic disorders can be risk factors for the onset and development of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects on dysmetabolism and neurodegeneration of a natural dietary supplement (NDS), containing Curcuma longa, silymarin, guggul, chlorogenic acid and inulin, on the brains of high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. A decreased expression of FACL-4, CerS-1 and CerS-4, reduced cholesterol concentration, increased IR expression and insulin signaling activation, were found in brains of NDS-treated HFD mice, suggesting that NDS is able to prevent brain lipid accumulation and central insulin resistance. In the brains of NDS-treated HFD mice, the levels of RNS, ROS and lipid peroxidation, the expression of p-ERK, H-Oxy, i-NOS, HSP60, NF-kB, GFAP, IL-1β, IL-6, and CD4 positive cell infiltration were lower than in untreated HFD mice, suggesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of NDS. The decreased expression of p-ERK and GFAP in NDS-treated HFD mice was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Lastly, a lower number of apoptotic nuclei was found in cortical sections of NDS-treated HFD. All these data indicate that NDS exerts neuroprotective effects in HFD mice by reducing brain fat accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammation and improving brain insulin resistance.

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Hypothalamic insulin receptor expression and DNA promoter methylation are sex-specifically altered in adult offspring of high-fat diet (HFD)-overfed mother rats

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

pp. 28-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Karen Schellong ◽

Kerstin Melchior ◽

Thomas Ziska ◽

Raffael Ott ◽

Wolfgang Henrich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Receptor ◽

Promoter Methylation ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

High Fat ◽

Insulin Receptor Expression

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Effect of Exercise Training on Adiponectin Receptor Expression and Insulin Resistance in Mice Fed a High Fat Diet

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ◽

10.3844/ajbbsp.2010.77.83 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 77-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alhusseini

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Exercise Training ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Adiponectin Receptor ◽

High Fat

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The Effects of Gymnema sylvestre in High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x17500434 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (04) ◽

pp. 813-832 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hyeon-Jeong Kim ◽

Sanghwa Kim ◽

Ah Young Lee ◽

Yoonjeong Jang ◽

Orkhonselenge Davaadamdin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Dietary Supplement ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Liver Steatosis ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Gymnema Sylvestre ◽

High Fat

This study used an integrated approach to investigate the effects of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) extract as a functional dietary supplement with a high-fat diet. This approach examined insulin resistance, the dysfunction of adipose tissue, and liver steatosis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for the acute and chronic study, in addition to GS in different doses (100, 250 and 500[Formula: see text]mg/kg body weight). Their body composition changes, serum lipid and glucose parameters, adipose and liver tissue histology, and gene expression were measured. It was found that GS significantly suppressed the increase of body weight, serum levels of lipid, insulin and leptin, and adipose tissue, and liver inflammation. GS also demonstrated hypoglycemic effects due to the amylase inhibition activity. Our results support the existence of a relationship between the HFD induced insulin resistance, adipose dysfunction and liver steatosis. In conclusion, GS works as a functional dietary supplement with preventative effects against metabolic disorder.

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Protective effects of phyllanthin, a lignan from Phyllanthus amarus, against progression of high fat diet induced metabolic disturbances in mice

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c6ra10774e ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (63) ◽

pp. 58343-58353 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sneha Jagtap ◽

Pragyanshu Khare ◽

Priyanka Mangal ◽

Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi ◽

Mahendra Bishnoi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Phyllanthus Amarus ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Liver Inflammation ◽

High Fat ◽

Metabolic Disturbances ◽

Induced Changes

Phyllanthin delayed the progression of high fat diet induced changes affecting lipid and glucose metabolism such as adiposity, hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver, inflammation, lipid peroxidation and insulin resistance.

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Helminthostachys zeylanica alleviates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12906-019-2782-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ting-Chen Chang ◽

Hao Chiang ◽

Yu-Heng Lai ◽

Yu-Ling Huang ◽

Hsiu-Chen Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Tissue Expansion ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Protective Effects ◽

High Fat ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Helminthostachys Zeylanica

Abstract Background Obesity and its associated health conditions, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are worldwide health problems. It has been shown that insulin resistance is associated with increased hepatic lipid and causes hepatic steatosis through a myriad of mechanisms, including inflammatory signaling. Methods Helminthostachys zeylanica (HZ) is used widely as a common herbal medicine to relieve fever symptoms and inflammatory diseases in Asia. In the present study, we evaluated whether HZ has therapeutic effects on obesity, NAFLD and insulin resistance. The protective effects of HZ extract were examined using free fatty acid-induced steatosis in human HuS-E/2 cells and a high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice. Results The major components of the HZ extract are ugonins J and K, confirmed by HPLC. Incubation of human hepatocytes, HuS-E/2 cells, with palmitate markedly increased lipid accumulation and treatment with the HZ extract significantly decreased lipid deposition and facilitated AMPK and ACC activation. After 12 weeks of a high-fat diet with HZ extract treatment, the HFD mice were protected from hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. HZ extract prevented body weight gain, adipose tissue expansion and adipocyte hypertrophy in the HFD mice. In addition, fat accumulation was reduced in mice livers. Moreover, the insulin sensitivity-associated index, which evaluates insulin function, was also significantly restored. Conclusions These results suggest that HZ has a promising pharmacological effect on high-fat diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, which may have the potential for clinical application.

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Protective Effects of 2-Dodecyl-6-Methoxycyclohexa-2,5 -Diene-1,4-Dione Isolated from Averrhoa Carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) Roots on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000453156 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 993-1004 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Juman Li ◽

Xiaojie Wei ◽

Qiuqiao Xie ◽

Thi Thai Hoa Pham ◽

Jinbin Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

The Body ◽

Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽

Protective Effects ◽

High Fat ◽

Adipose Tissues ◽

Averrhoa Carambola

Background/Aims: The roots of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related diseases. 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycycyclohexa-2,5-1,4-dione (DMDD) has been isolated from A. carambola L. roots, and this study was carried out to investigate the potential beneficial effects of DMDD on obesity and insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD for 16 weeks and orally administered DMDD (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg of body weight per day) and metformin (280 mg/kg of body weight per day) for the last 4 weeks. Results: The body weights and adipose tissue weights as well as the serum levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, insulin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly decreased by DMDD, and the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor (Myd88) in the epididymal adipose tissue was downregulated by DMDD. In contrast, insulin sensitivity was enhanced. The results of the glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, and insulin release tests indicated that there was a marked improvement in insulin secretion, and the areas under the curve corresponding to the three tests were also significantly decreased by DMDD. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were simultaneously enhanced, whereas the content of malondialdehyde was decreased by DMDD in the liver homogenates of the C57BL/6J mice. In addition, hepatic steatosis and adipocyte hypertrophy, as assessed by H&E staining of liver and adipose tissues, were significantly improved by DMDD. Conclusion: These data suggest that MDD has potential benefits for the treatment of HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance, and its effects may be associated with improvements in lipid metabolism and inhibition of the expression of TLR4 in adipose tissues.

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Odontella aurita-enriched diet prevents high fat diet-induced liver insulin resistance

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-15-0316 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 228 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hamza Amine ◽

Yacir Benomar ◽

Adil Haimeur ◽

Hafida Messaouri ◽

Nadia Meskini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Receptor ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

P38 Map Kinase ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

High Fat ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Odontella Aurita ◽

Plasma Insulin Levels

The beneficial effect of polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid (w-3 FA) consumption regarding cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance and inflammation has been widely reported. Fish oil is considered as the main source of commercialized w-3 FAs, and other alternative sources have been reported such as linseed or microalgae. However, despite numerous reports, the underlying mechanisms of action of w-3 FAs on insulin resistance are still not clearly established, especially those from microalgae. Here, we report that Odontella aurita, a microalga rich in w-3 FAs eicosapentaenoic acid, prevents high fat diet-induced insulin resistance and inflammation in the liver of Wistar rats. Indeed, a high fat diet (HFD) increased plasma insulin levels associated with the impairment of insulin receptor signaling and the up-regulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressions. Importantly, Odontella aurita-enriched HFD (HFOA) reduces body weight and plasma insulin levels and maintains normal insulin receptor expression and responsiveness. Furthermore, HFOA decreased TLR4 expression, JNK/p38 phosphorylation and pro-inflammatory factors. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that diet supplementation with whole Ondontella aurita overcomes HFD-induced insulin resistance through the inhibition of TLR4/JNK/p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways.

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