Effect of Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Olive Oil Intake during Pregnancy on Risk of Small for Gestational Age Infants

To quantify the effect of a Mediterranean dietary pattern, as well as the consumption of olive oil (OO), on the risk of having a small for gestational age infants (SGA), a matched case-control study was conducted in Spain. Dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Three indices were used to evaluate the adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) (Predimed, Trichopoulou and Panagiotakos). Crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. Results were stratified by severity of SGA: moderate (percentiles 6–10), and severe (percentiles ≤5). For moderate, four or more points in the Predimed´s index was associated with a 41% reduction of having SGA compared with women with a score ≤3, aOR = 0.59 (95% CI 0.38–0.98); for severe, the reduction in risk was not statistically significant. Similar results were found when the other MD indexes were used. An intake of OO above 5 g/day was associated with a lower risk of SGA (aOR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.34–0.85); statistical significance was observed for moderate SGA (aOR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.30–0.96), but not for severe SGA (aOR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.24–1.07), although the magnitude of ORs were quite similar. Adherence to a MD and OO intake is associated with a reduced risk of SGA.

Download Full-text

Types of Carbohydrates Intake during Pregnancy and Frequency of a Small for Gestational Age Newborn: A Case-Control Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11030523 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 523 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carmen Amezcua-Prieto ◽

Juan Martínez-Galiano ◽

Naomi Cano-Ibáñez ◽

Rocío Olmedo-Requena ◽

Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Matched Case ◽

Brown Bread

The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between consumption of different types of carbohydrates (CHO) during pregnancy and the risk of having a small for gestational age (SGA) newborn. A retrospective matched case–control design was carried out with a total of 518 mother-offspring pairs. A total of 137 validated items were included in the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate crude odds ratios (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Having more than 75 g/day of brown bread showed an inverse association with SGA (aOR = 0.64, CI 0.43–0.96). In contrast, an intake of industrial sweets more than once a day (aOR = 2.70, CI 1.42–5.13), or even 2–6 times a week (aOR = 1.84, CI 1.20–2.82), increased the odds of having a SGA newborn. During pregnancy, the higher the increase of wholegrain cereal and bread, the lower the possibility of having a SGA newborn, but the opposite occurred with refined sugar products—just consuming industrial bakery products or pastries twice a week increased the odds of having an SGA infant. Case–control studies cannot verify causality and only show associations, which may reflect residual confusion due to the presence of unknown factors. It is possible that a high consumption of sugary foods is a marker of a generally poor lifestyle.

Download Full-text

Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Small-for-Gestational-Age Neonates: A Matched Case-Control Study

Neonatology ◽

10.1159/000356033 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 74-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Isabelle M.C. Ree ◽

Vivianne E.H.J. Smits-Wintjens ◽

Esther G.J. Rijntjes-Jacobs ◽

Iris C.M. Pelsma ◽

Sylke J. Steggerda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Matched Case ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

Download Full-text

Dysglycaemia in small-for-gestational-age neonates: a matched case–control study in monochorionic twins

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine ◽

10.3109/14767058.2015.1076787 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (13) ◽

pp. 2114-2119 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Claudia D. E. de Bruin ◽

N. Margreth van der Lugt ◽

Remco Visser ◽

Wilma Oostdijk ◽

Erik W. van Zwet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Monochorionic Twins ◽

Matched Case ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

Download Full-text

Maternal seafood intake and the risk of small for gestational age newborns: a case–control study in Spanish women

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020424 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. e020424 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carmen Amezcua-Prieto ◽

Juan Miguel Martínez-Galiano ◽

Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido ◽

Rocío Olmedo-Requena ◽

Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

Spanish Women ◽

History Of ◽

Index Weight ◽

Control Study

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between seafood consumption during pregnancy and the risk of delivering a small for gestational age (SGA) newborn.DesignThis case–control study included women with SGA newborns and controls matched 1:1 for maternal age (±2 years) and hospital.SettingFive hospitals in Eastern Andalusia, Spain.Participants518 pairs of pregnant Spanish women. The SGA group included women who delivered SGA newborns: SGA was defined as a birth weight below the 10th percentile of infants at a given gestational age. Controls were women who delivered newborns with adequate birth weights.InterventionsWe collected data on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, toxic habits and diet. Midwives administered a 137-item Food Frequency Questionnaire.Outcome measuresWe calculated quintiles of seafood intake and applied conditional logistic regression to estimate ORs and 95% CIs.ResultsShellfish intake more than once/week yielded a significant protective effect against an SGA newborn (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.76, after adjusting for energy, educational level, smoking, prepregnancy body mass index, weight and a history of preterm or low birthweight newborn). The risk of an SGA newborn was lower among women who consumed >29 g/day fish compared with women who consumed ≤8 g (adjusted OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.98; p=0.025 for a trend). Similarly, the risk of an SGA newborn was lower among women who consumed >1 g/day of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids compared with those who consumed ≤0.4 g/day (adjusted OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.90; p=0.025 for a trend).ConclusionAn average seafood intake of at least 29 g/day during pregnancy, equivalent to 2–3 servings/week, reduced the risk of an SGA newborn, compared with an average seafood intake of less than 8 g/day.

Download Full-text

Overweight Proxies Are Associated with Atopic Asthma: A Matched Case–Control Study

Hormone Research in Paediatrics ◽

10.1159/000501685 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. 380-390

Author(s):

Manuela Gramss ◽

Tobias Lipek ◽

Mandy Vogel ◽

Johannes Remmler ◽

Andreas Hiemisch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Atopic Asthma ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Children With Asthma ◽

Matched Case ◽

Waist To Height Ratio ◽

Control Study

Background: Many studies have documented a link between overweight and asthma in children with contradictory results regarding the best way to measure overweight. Moreover, often, the dynamic development of atopy, overweight, and asthma is controlled for age dependency insufficiently. Objective: This study assesses and compares the associations of overweight measured as waist circumference, waist to height ratio (WHtR), neck circumference, and body mass index with the occurrence of asthma – best possibly controlling for age-dependencies of these parameters. Methods: From a sample of 2,511 children aged 6–17 years, we matched 157 children with asthma with 2 controls (n = 471) according to age and atopy status and performed conditional logistic regression analyses. We further investigated the role of known influencing factors of asthma occurrence. Results: In children with atopy, all overweight proxies were consistently positively associated with asthma. Statistical significance was reached for WHtR-SD score (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.54, p = 0.025) and persisted when further covariates, such as birth weight or social status, were added to the model. Groups of atopic versus nonatopic participants do not differ in levels of interleukin-6 or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Conclusion: In our cohort, overweight seems to carry a risk for asthma only if accompanied with atopy. We call for more strict age matching in pediatric cohort studies and longitudinal studies for a better understanding for causal links of overweight, atopy, and asthma.

Download Full-text

Covid-19 presentation among symptomatic healthcare workers in Ireland

Occupational Medicine ◽

10.1093/occmed/kqab012 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

G O’Sullivan ◽

S Jacob ◽

P M Barrett ◽

J Gallagher

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Health Staff ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Matched Case ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Specific Symptoms ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background It is recognized that healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of contracting Covid-19. It is incumbent on occupational health staff to recognize potential symptoms of Covid-19 among HCWs. Aims The aims of the study were to describe the presenting symptoms of HCWs who developed Covid-19 in Ireland, and to estimate the odds of specific symptoms being associated with a positive Covid-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result. Methods A retrospective chart review of all symptomatic HCWs who self-presented for Covid-19 testing in Cork from March to May 2020 was conducted. A sex-matched case–control study was carried out to compare presenting features among those who tested positive compared to those who tested negative. Univariate and multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression models were run using Stata 15.0 to identify the symptoms associated with positive Covid-19 swab results. Results Three hundred and six HCWs were included in the study; 102 cases and 204 controls. Common presenting features among cases were fever/chills (55%), cough (44%) and headache (35%). The symptoms which were significantly associated with a positive Covid-19 swab result were loss of taste/smell (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 12.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36–108.79), myalgia (aOR 2.36, 95% 1.27–4.38), fatigue (aOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.12–4.74), headache (aOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.19–3.74) and fever/chills (aOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.12–3.15). Conclusions Fever, fatigue, myalgia, loss of taste/smell and headache were associated with increased odds of a Covid-19 diagnosis among symptomatic self-referred HCWs compared with those had negative swab results. Testing criteria for HCWs should reflect the broad range of possible symptoms of Covid-19.

Download Full-text

Role of ivermectin in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in India: A matched case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0247163

Author(s):

Priyamadhaba Behera ◽

Binod Kumar Patro ◽

Arvind Kumar Singh ◽

Pradnya Dilip Chandanshive ◽

Ravikumar S. R. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Infection Type ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Matched Case ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

Background Ivermectin is one among several potential drugs explored for its therapeutic and preventive role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study was aimed to explore the association between ivermectin prophylaxis and the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers. Methods A hospital-based matched case-control study was conducted among healthcare workers of AIIMS Bhubaneswar, India, from September to October 2020. Profession, gender, age and date of diagnosis were matched for 186 case-control pairs. Cases and controls were healthcare workers who tested positive and negative, respectively, for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. Exposure was defined as the intake of ivermectin and/or hydroxychloroquine and/or vitamin-C and/or other prophylaxis for COVID-19. Data collection and entry was done in Epicollect5, and analysis was performed using STATA version 13. Conditional logistic regression models were used to describe the associated factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Ivermectin prophylaxis was taken by 76 controls and 41 cases. Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis (AOR 0.27, 95% CI, 0.15–0.51) was associated with a 73% reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers for the following month. Those involved in physical activity (AOR 3.06 95% CI, 1.18–7.93) for more than an hour/day were more likely to contract SARS-CoV-2 infection. Type of household, COVID duty, single-dose ivermectin prophylaxis, vitamin-C prophylaxis and hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis at a dose of 300 μg/kg with a gap of 72 hours was associated with a 73% reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers for the following month. Chemoprophylaxis has relevance in the containment of pandemic.

Download Full-text

Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle Habits during Pregnancy: Is There an Association with Small for Gestational Age Infants? An Italian Single Centre Experience

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1941

Author(s):

Rachele De Giuseppe ◽

Manuela Bocchi ◽

Silvia Maffoni ◽

Elsa Del Bo ◽

Federica Manzoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Small Sample ◽

Activity Level ◽

Lifestyle Habits ◽

Increased Risk

Background. The small-for-gestational-age (SGA) in infants is related to an increased risk of developing Non-Communicable Diseases later in life. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is related to lower odds of being SGA. The study explored retrospectively the association between SGA, maternal MD adherence, lifestyle habits and other SGA risk factors during pregnancy. Methods. One hundred women (16–44 years) with a pregnancy at term were enrolled. Demographic data, parity, pre-gestational BMI, gestational weight gain, pregnancy-related diseases, and type of delivery were collected. The MD adherence (MEDI-LITE score ≥ 9), physical activity level, and smoking/alcohol consumption were registered. SGA neonates were diagnosed according to the neonatal growth curves. Results. Women were divided into “SGA group” vs. “non-SGA group”. The MD was adopted by 71% of women and its adherence was higher in the “non-SGA group” (p = 0.02). The prevalence of pregnancy-related diseases (gestational diabetes/pregnancy-induced hypertension) was higher in the “SGA group” (p = 0.01). The logistic regression showed that pregnancy-related diseases were the only independent risk factor for SGA. Conclusions. MD may indirectly reduce the risk of SGA since it prevents and exerts a positive effect on pregnancy-related diseases (e.g., gestational diabetes and hypertension). The small sample size of women in the SGA group of the study imposes a major limitation to the results and conclusions of this research, suggesting however that it is worthy of further investigation.

Download Full-text

717. Antibiotic treatment of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli related gastroenteritis and the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome: a population based matched case-control study in Japan

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.909 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S409-S410

Author(s):

Shota Myojin ◽

Kyongsun Pak ◽

Mayumi Sako ◽

Tohru Kobayashi ◽

Takuri Takahashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Age Group ◽

Matched Case ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background The role of therapeutic intervention, particularly antibiotics, for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) related infection is controversial. Methods We performed a population based matched case-control study to assess the association between treatment (antibiotics, antidiarrheal agents and probiotics) for STEC related infections and HUS development. We identified all STEC HUS patients as cases and matched five non-HUS patients as controls using the data from the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID) between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018. Further medical information was obtained by standardized questionnaires answered by physicians who registered each patient. We used multivariate conditional logistic regression model to evaluate the association between exposures (use of antibiotics, use of antidiarrheal agents, days between disease onset and fosfomycin administration [within two or three days]) and the development of HUS, by matched odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Covariates we used were sex, age group, area code, presence of diarrhea and other factors. We also performed subgroup analyses using age (adults and children) as a stratification factor. Results 7,760 STEC related patients were registered in the NESID. We selected patients who had a record of HUS diagnosis (n=182) and matched controls without HUS (n=910). After collecting standardized paper-based questionnaires, we enrolled 90 HUS patients and 371 non-HUS patients for analysis. In the main analysis, matched OR of fosfomycin was 0.75(0.47-1.20) in all ages, 1.41(0.51-3.88) in adults and 0.58(0.34-1.01) in children. Matched OR of antidiarrheal agents was 2.07(1.07-4.03) in all ages, 1.84(0.32-10.53) in adults, 2.65(1.21-5.82) in children. Matched OR of probiotics was 0.86(0.46-1.61) in all ages, 0.76(0.21-2.71) in adults, 1.00(0.48-2.09) in children. There was no significant association between the timing of fosfomycin use in the first two or five days of illness and HUS development in any age group. Conclusion Our results suggest that fosfomycin might decrease the risk of HUS in children younger than 15 years of age with STEC confirmed bacterial gastroenteritis. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Download Full-text

Association of Broiler Litter Microbiome Composition and Campylobacter Isolation

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.654927 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Valeris-Chacin ◽

Maria Pieters ◽

Haejin Hwang ◽

Timothy J. Johnson ◽

Randall S. Singer

Keyword(s):

Beta Diversity ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Broiler Litter ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Broiler House

Infection with Campylobacter species is one of the leading causes of bacterial diarrhea in humans in the US. Chickens, which become colonized on the farm, are important reservoirs of this bacterium. Campylobacter can establish itself in the broiler house via a variety of sources, can survive in the litter of the house, and possibly persist over successive flock cycles. However, the role of the broiler litter microbiome on Campylobacter persistence is not clear. A matched case-control study was conducted to determine whether the broiler litter microbiome composition was associated with Campylobacter isolation within the broiler house. Flocks were classified as cases when either Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli was isolated in boot sock samples, or as controls otherwise. Case and control flocks were matched at the broiler house level. Composite broiler litter samples were collected and used for DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene V4 region sequencing. Reads were processed using the DADA2 pipeline to obtain a table of amplicon sequence variants. Alpha diversity and differential bacterial relative abundance were used as predictors of Campylobacter isolation status in conditional logistic regression models adjusting for flock age and sampling season. Beta diversity distances were used as regressors in stratified PERMANOVA with Campylobacter isolation status as predictor, and broiler house as stratum. When Campylobacter was isolated in boot socks, broiler litter microbiome richness and evenness were lower and higher, respectively, without reaching statistical significance. Campylobacter isolation status significantly explained a small proportion of the beta diversity (genus-level Aitchison dissimilarity distance). Clostridium and Anaerostipes were positively associated with Campylobacter isolation status, whereas Bifidobacterium, Anaerosporobacter, and Stenotrophomonas were negatively associated. Our results suggest the presence of bacterial interactions between Campylobacter and the broiler litter microbiome. The negative association of Campylobacter with Bifidobacterium, Anaerosporobacter, and Stenotrophomonas in litter could be potentially exploited as a pre-harvest control strategy.

Download Full-text