scholarly journals Dietary Patterns and Association with Obesity of Children Aged 6–17 Years in Medium and Small Cities in China: Findings from the CNHS 2010–2012

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liu ◽  
Li-Yun Zhao ◽  
Dong-Mei Yu ◽  
La-Hong Ju ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Housework Time ◽  
Increased Risk

Childhood obesity is associated with both near- and longer-term health implications. Few studies have been conducted to explore the associations between dietary patterns and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents. The present study was designed to identify dietary patterns and their relationships with childhood obesity in medium and small cities. This is a cross-sectional study of children participants aged 6–17 years old in the 2010–2012 China Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS). Socio-demographics, life-style, physical activity, anthropometric variables, and hundred-item food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were collected. Household income was classified as low, middle, and high. Traffic tools, from non-advanced to advanced, included walking, biking, bus, and car. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis of data from FFQs. Two dietary patterns were identified: a Westernized pattern (i.e., high cakes, snacks, sugary beverages, aquatic products, red meat, fruits, and nuts) and a Traditional Chinese pattern (i.e., high cereals, tubers, legumes, fried cereal food, and vegetables). The Westernized pattern was positively correlated with energy intake, household income, traffic tools, and negative correlated with age and housework time. The Traditional Chinese pattern was positively correlated with age, energy intake, and housework time, and negatively correlated with household income and traffic tools. After adjusting for confounding factors, the Westernized pattern was found to be associated with BMI increment, yielding β coefficients (95% confidence interval, 95% CI) of 0.57 (0.40, 0.85) for the fourth quartile. In addition, the Westernized pattern was also found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of obesity, yielding an odds ratio (OR, 95% CI) of 1.49 (1.21, 1.84) from fully-adjusted confounders. Promoting healthier eating patterns could help to prevent obesity in Chinese children. The findings of this study could be used to guide the development of evidence-based preventive nutrition interventions to curb childhood obesity epidemic in small–medium cities in China.

scholarly journals Association between Total Sugar Intake and Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Korean Men and Women

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Ha Seo ◽  
Hyesook Kim ◽  
Oran Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Increased Risk

There is increasing evidence emerging that suggests high sugar intake may adversely increase the incidence of chronic diseases. However, there are only a few related studies in Korea. Based on the current Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, this study examined whether total sugar intake above 20% of the total energy was a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Korean adults. This cross-sectional study involved 7005 adults (3751 men and 3254 women) aged 40–69 years, who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), a large community-based cohort study. Daily total sugar intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. About 9% and 16% of the men and women, respectively, derived >20% of energy intake from total sugar. The males in this category had a significantly higher odds of obesity defined as having a BMI ≥ 25 (OR = 1.491, 95% CI = 1.162–1.914), low HDL-cholesterol (OR = 1.313, 95% CI = 1.038–1.660), and metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.332, 95% CI = 1.038–1.709) than those who received a lower proportion of energy intake from total sugar. These results suggest that high (>20%) energy intake from total sugar may be associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Korean men.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns and Poor Semen Quality Risk in Men: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Danielewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Przybyłowicz ◽  
Mariusz Przybyłowicz
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Increased Risk

The etiology of diminished sperm quality in about 30% of male infertility cases generally remains unexplained. Some studies have suggested that specific nutritional factors can affect semen quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate an association between dietary patterns (DPs) and the risk of abnormal semen quality parameters in men. This cross-sectional study was carried out in 114 men aged 20–55 years from Poland. Semen parameters were assessed via computer-aided semen. Diet was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). DPs were derived using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Two DPs were derived: Pro-healthy and Western. After adjusting for potential confounders, the risk of abnormal progressive motility was significantly higher in the middle (OR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.03–8.09) and upper (OR: 7.78, 95% CI: 1.52–15.06) tertiles of the Western DP. A trend for increased risk of the abnormal total count, progressive motility, and morphology (P-trend < 0.050) was found in Western DP. To conclude, the Western DP may increase the risk of abnormal semen parameters, whereas no association was found in the case of Pro-healthy DP. These findings stand in contrast to an increasing number of research findings indicating a positive relation between intake of healthy foods or diet and semen quality parameters. The results highlight the need to study whether modifications in diet and lifestyle factors improve semen quality.

Associations between nutrient intakes and dietary patterns with different sarcopenia definitions in older Australian men: the concord health and ageing in men project

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Das ◽  
Robert G Cumming ◽  
Vasi Naganathan ◽  
Fiona Blyth ◽  
David G Le Couteur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
European Working Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
European Working

Abstract Objective: To assess the associations between nutrient intake and dietary patterns with different sarcopenia definitions in older men. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Sarcopenia was defined using the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). Dietary adequacy of fourteen nutrients was assessed by comparing participants’ intakes with the Nutrient Reference Values (NRV). Attainment of NRV for nutrients was incorporated into a variable ‘poor’ (meeting ≤ 9) v. ‘good’ (meeting ≥ 10) using the cut-point method. Also, two different dietary patterns, monounsaturated:saturated fat and n-6:n-3 fatty acids ratio and individual nutrients were used as predictor variables. Participants: A total of 794 men aged ≥75 years participated in this study. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia by the FNIH, EWGSOP and EWGSOP2 definitions was 12·9 %, 12·9 % and 19·6 %, respectively. With the adjustment, poor nutrient intake was significantly associated with FNIH-defined sarcopenia (OR: 2·07 (95 % CI 1·16, 3·67)), but not with EWGSOP and EWGSPOP2 definitions. The lowest and second-lowest quartiles of protein, Mg and Ca and the lowest quartiles of n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA intakes were significantly associated with FNIH-defined sarcopenia. Each unit decrease in n-6:n-3 ratio was significantly associated with a 9 % increased risk of FNIH-defined sarcopenia (OR: 1·09 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·16)). Conclusions: Inadequate intakes of nutrients are associated with FNIH-defined sarcopenia in older men, but not with the other two sarcopenia definitions. Further studies are required to understand these relationships.

scholarly journals A Healthy Lifestyle Offsets the Increased Risk of Childhood Obesity Caused by High Birth Weight: Results From a Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-he Wang ◽  
Zhi-yong Zou ◽  
Yan-hui Dong ◽  
Rong-bin Xu ◽  
Yi-de Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective: To investigate whether a healthy lifestyle is associated with the lower childhood obesity regardless of birth weight.Methods: Participants were selected from a large-scale cross-sectional study conducted in the seven provinces across China. Birth weight and lifestyle factors were collected through a questionnaire. A weighted healthy lifestyle score was calculated and categorized into favorable, intermediate, and unfavorable lifestyles.Results: A total of 47,768 participants were enrolled in this study. Overall, 16.4% of the participants followed a favorable lifestyle, 62.8% followed an intermediate lifestyle, and 20.8% followed an unfavorable lifestyle. Compared with the participants who were born normal birth weight (NBW), participants who were born high birth weight (HBW) (OR = 1.58; 95% CI 1.48–1.77) and very high birth weight (VHBW) (OR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.47–2.18) had higher obesity risk, however, the participants who were born low birth weight (LBW) had lower obesity risk (OR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.68–0.96). Participants with an unfavorable lifestyle were associated with a higher risk of childhood obesity compared with the participants with favorable lifestyle (OR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.14–1.38). Participants who were born VHBW and with an unfavorable lifestyle had 2.76 times (95% CI: 1.78–4.28) further risk of childhood obesity compared with the participants who were born NBW and with a favorable lifestyle. However, adherence to a favorable lifestyle seems to counteract the elevated risk of childhood obesity by VHBW (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 0.84–2.24).Conclusion: Both the HBW and unfavorable lifestyle were significantly associated with risk of childhood obesity. Adherence to a favorable lifestyle decreased the risk of childhood obesity among the participants with VHBW. A more longitudinal study is required to repeat the finding to inform tailored prevention programs.

scholarly journals The effect of under-reporting of energy intake on dietary patterns and on the associations between dietary patterns and self-reported chronic disease in women aged 50–69 years

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne S. Markussen ◽  
Marit B. Veierød ◽  
Giske Ursin ◽  
Lene F. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Screening Program

AbstractThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether under-reporting of energy intake affects derived dietary patterns and the association between dietary patterns and self-reported chronic disease. Diets of 6204 women aged 50–69 years participating in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program were assessed using a 253-item FFQ. We identified dietary patterns using principal component analysis. According to the revised Goldberg cut-off method, women with a ratio of reported energy intake:estimated BMR<1·10 were classified as low energy reporters (n 1133, 18 %). We examined the associations between dietary patterns and self-reported chronic diseases by log-binomial regression, and the results are presented as prevalence ratios (PR) and CI. ‘Prudent’, ‘Western’ and ‘Continental’ dietary patterns were identified among all reporters and plausible reporters. The PR expressing the associations between the ‘Western’ and ‘Prudent’ dietary pattern scores and self-reported chronic diseases were consistently highest among plausible reporters except for joint/muscle/skeletal disorders. The largest difference in PR among plausible v. all reporters was found for the association between the ‘Prudent’ pattern and diabetes (PR for highest v. lowest tertile: PRall reporters 2·16; 95 % CI 1·50, 3·13; Ptrend<0·001; PRplausible reporters 2·86; 95 % CI 1·81, 4·51; Ptrend<0·001). In conclusion, our results suggest that under-reporting can result in systematic error that can affect the association between dietary pattern and disease. In studies of dietary patterns, investigators ought to consider reporting effect estimates both for all individuals and for plausible reporters.

scholarly journals Associations between Dietary Patterns and Bile Acids—Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Vegans and Omnivores

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Trefflich ◽  
Hanns-Ulrich Marschall ◽  
Romina di Giuseppe ◽  
Marcus Ståhlman ◽  
Andreas Michalsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Reduced Rank Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fecal Bile Acids ◽  
Increased Risk

Bile acids play an active role in fat metabolism and, in high-fat diets, elevated concentrations of fecal bile acids may be related to an increased risk of colorectal cancer. This study investigated concentrations of fecal and serum bile acids in 36 vegans and 36 omnivores. The reduced rank regression was used to identify dietary patterns associated with fecal bile acids. Dietary patterns were derived with secondary and conjugated fecal bile acids as response variables and 53 food groups as predictors. Vegans had higher fiber (p < 0.01) and lower fat (p = 0.0024) intake than omnivores. In serum, primary and glycine-conjugated bile acids were higher in vegans than in omnivores (p ≤ 0.01). All fecal bile acids were significantly lower in vegans compared to omnivores (p < 0.01). Processed meat, fried potatoes, fish, margarine, and coffee contributed most positively, whereas muesli most negatively to a dietary pattern that was directly associated with all fecal bile acids. According to the pattern, fat intake was positively and fiber intake was inversely correlated with bile acids. The findings contribute to the evidence that, in particular, animal products and fat may play a part in higher levels of fecal bile acids.

scholarly journals Food sources of free sugars in children’s diet and identification of lifestyle patterns associated with free sugars intake: the GRECO (Greek Childhood Obesity) study

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2326-2335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Farajian ◽  
Grigoris Risvas ◽  
Demosthenes B Panagiotakos ◽  
Antonis Zampelas
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Major Food ◽  
Lifestyle Patterns

AbstractObjectiveExcessive free sugars consumption has a possible role in health issues, diet quality and obesity development. The present cross-sectional study aimed to identify the major food sources of free sugars in Greek children’s diet and investigate possible associations of dietary patterns with free sugars intake.DesignAnthropometric measurements and information on dietary and physical activity habits were obtained. Energy and free sugars intake coming from foods were estimated and principal components analysis was applied to identify dietary patterns.SettingThe GRECO (Greek Childhood Obesity) study.SubjectsNationwide sample of 3089 children (aged 10–12 years).ResultsAdopting WHO criteria, 44·2 % of participants were categorized as having free sugars intake above 10 % of total energy intake. Mean contribution of free sugars to energy intake was 11·2 %, and the major food sources of free sugars differed from those of other childhood populations. Free sugars intake was not associated with overweight/obesity. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that two lifestyle and dietary patterns, characterized by higher consumption of sweets, fast foods, fries, sugared drinks, frequently ordering/eating outside home and having meals in front of a screen (pattern 1) and higher consumption of whole fruits, 100 % fruit juices, vegetables, legumes and honey/jam (pattern 2), were positively associated with free sugars intake.ConclusionsA large proportion of children exceeded the recommended cut-off and free sugars intake was associated with lifestyle patterns rather than single foods. Public health programmes aiming to reduce free sugars consumption should be tailored on promoting the correct dietary habits of specific childhood populations.

scholarly journals Serum leptin concentrations in relation to dietary patterns in Chinese men and women

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1524-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zuo ◽  
Zumin Shi ◽  
Yue Dai ◽  
Baojun Yuan ◽  
Gaolin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Health And Nutrition

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the independent associations between serum leptin concentration and dietary patterns in a Chinese population.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingData obtained from the 2006 wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey in Jiangsu Province, China.SubjectsThe sample contained 1061 Chinese adults (488 men and 573 women). BMI was calculated as a parameter of obesity. Factor analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. ANCOVA was performed to assess the associations between serum leptin concentration and the dietary patterns.ResultsFour dietary patterns were derived: Western, High-wheat, Traditional and Hedonic. The Western pattern (rich in meat, milk and cake) was significantly associated with a higher level of serum leptin in men and women, both in an unadjusted model (both P for trend < 0·001) and after adjusting for sex, age, income, total energy intake, physical activity, smoking status and BMI (P for trend = 0·007 for men and P for trend < 0·001 for women). The other three dietary patterns were not significantly associated with serum leptin after adjustment. Sensitivity analysis showed there was an interaction between age and the Western pattern in relation to leptin level. An interaction also existed between current smoking status and the Western pattern.ConclusionsSerum leptin concentration was positively associated with the Western dietary pattern in a Chinese population independent of BMI, energy intake and other factors.

scholarly journals Anthropometric assessment of children aged between 6 and 14 years from a school in Lisbon

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Adriana Costa ◽  
Cíntia Ferreira-Pêgo ◽  
Bruno Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Status Assessment

As a global epidemic, obesity is currently a significant public health challenge, especially in children. Childhood obesity is related to short term consequences, but also with an increased risk to develop many comorbidities in adult life, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, strokes, and others. A cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of normal weight, pre-obesity and obesity in school-aged children was designed. The final sample size analyzed included 81 participants (47 boys and 34 girls) aged between 6 and 14 years old. Pre-obesity and obesity were determined according to the BMI cut-off points adopted by the IOTF. Although no significant differences were found, the prevalence of pre-obesity and obesity for the total population studied was 16.00% and 6.20%, respectively, with 14.60%, and 4.30% for boys and 17.60% and 8.80% for girls. More girls were pre-obese and obese than boys except at ages 9 and 12. The same age that boys presented cardiometabolic risk associated with a WHtR>0.50. These results emphasize the importance of nutritional status assessment to develop appropriate actions to prevent childhood obesity.

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