scholarly journals Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Implications of Cytoskeleton and Mitochondria in the Response of the Rat Brain to Starvation

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Cuevas-Fernández ◽  
Carlos Fuentes-Almagro ◽  
Juan Peragón
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Nervous Impulse ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Peptide Mass ◽  
The Brain

Long-term starvation provokes a metabolic response in the brain to adapt to the lack of nutrient intake and to maintain the physiology of this organ. Here, we study the changes in the global proteomic profile of the rat brain after a seven-day period of food deprivation, to further our understanding of the biochemical and cellular mechanisms underlying the situations without food. We have used two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry (2D-MS) in order to identify proteins differentially expressed during prolonged food deprivation. After the comparison of the protein profiles, 22 brain proteins were found with altered expression. Analysis by peptide mass fingerprinting and MS/MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer, MALDI-TOF/TOF) enabled the identification of 14 proteins differentially expressed that were divided into 3 categories: (1) energy catabolism and mitochondrial proteins; (2) chaperone proteins; and (3) cytoskeleton, exocytosis, and calcium. Changes in the expression of six proteins, identified by the 2D-MS proteomics procedure, were corroborated by a nanoliquid chromatography-mass spectrometry proteomics procedure (nLC-MS). Our results show that long-term starvation compromises essential functions of the brain related with energetic metabolism, synapsis, and the transmission of nervous impulse.

scholarly journals Behavioural, physiological and metabolic responses to long-term starvation and refeeding in a blind cave-dwelling (Proteus anguinus) and a surface-dwelling (Euproctus asper) salamander

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hervant ◽  
J. Mathieu ◽  
J. Durand
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Energy Strategy ◽  
Quick Recovery ◽  
Proteus Anguinus ◽  
Surface Dwelling ◽  
Blind Cave

The effects of long-term starvation and subsequent refeeding on haematological variables, behaviour, rates of oxygen consumption and intermediary and energy metabolism were studied in morphologically similar surface- and cave-dwelling salamanders. To provide a hypothetical general model representing the responses of amphibians to food stress, a sequential energy strategy has been proposed, suggesting that four successive phases (termed stress, transition, adaptation and recovery) can be distinguished. The metabolic response to prolonged food deprivation was monophasic in the epigean Euproctus asper (Salamandridae), showing an immediate, linear and large decrease in all the energy reserves. In contrast, the hypogean Proteus anguinus (Proteidae) displayed successive periods of glucidic, lipidic and finally lipido-proteic-dominant catabolism during the course of food deprivation. The remarkable resistance to long-term fasting and the very quick recovery from nutritional stress of this cave organism may be explained partly by its ability to remain in an extremely prolonged state of protein sparing and temporary torpor. Proteus anguinus had reduced metabolic and activity rates (considerably lower than those of most surface-dwelling amphibians). These results are interpreted as adaptations to a subterranean existence in which poor and discontinuous food supplies and/or intermittent hypoxia may occur for long periods. Therefore, P. anguinus appears to be a good example of a low-energy-system vertebrate.

scholarly journals Pathway in rat brains under experimental obesity caused long-term progesterone administration

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
A. Aleksandrov ◽  
V. Konopelniuk ◽  
I. Kompanets ◽  
L. Ostapchenko
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tryptophan Decarboxylase ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
The Brain

Obesity is one of the most common complex health problem. The pathway of serotonin synthesis takes part in neuroendocrine regulation, as well as in the regulation of a number of behavioral functions of the body and fat deposition. Serotonin is a mediator of the amine nature, which functions as a neurotransmitter and tissue hormone. The greatest amount of serotonin is synthesized in the brain and 12 duodenum. As a neurotransmitter, serotonin affects both directly and indirectly on the function of most brain cells. Female hormone progesterone influence on serotonin functions. One of the effect of progesterone is increasing of amount of fat tissue during the pregnancy. Long-term using of progesterone in hormone substitution therapy or as part of contraception also lead to fat accumulation effect. The levels of activity of serotonergic system enzymes, tryptophan hydroxylase, tryptophan decarboxylase and monoamine oxidase (MAO), and tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations in the rat brain under obesity conditions caused by prolonged administration of progesterone were determined in this study. Studies have shown that the content of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the brain of rats under obesity caused by prolonged administration of progesterone increased in comparison with the rats of the control group. The levels of tryptophan hydroxylase and MAO activity decreased, and tryptophan decarboxylase activity levels increased in the rat brain under obesity conditions caused by prolonged administration of progesterone. Thus, as a result of our studies, we found an imbalance in the system of serotonin metabolism in the brain of rats with the development of hormonal obesity induced by prolonged administration of progesterone, which may indicate the involvement of the serotonergic neurotransmitter system in the mechanisms of the development of obesity and concomitant diseases.

Cluster-based comparison of the peptide mass fingerprint obtained by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A case study: long-term stability of rituximab

The Analyst ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 1717-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo J. Villacorta ◽  
Antonio Salmerón-García ◽  
David A. Pelta ◽  
José Cabeza ◽  
Antonio Lario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Peptide Mass Fingerprint ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Peptide Mass ◽  
Tof Ms

A cluster-based comparison algorithm applied to the MALDI-TOF-MS peptide mass fingerprint allows for tracking major changes in protein such as monoclonal antibodies.

HMGB1gene expression changes in the striatum and amigdal of the rat's brain under alcoholization and ethanol withdrawal

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
M.I. Airapetov ◽  
S.O. Eresko ◽  
E.R. Bychkov ◽  
A.A. Lebedev ◽  
P.D. Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Ethanol Withdrawal ◽  
Hmgb1 Protein ◽  
Neuroimmune System ◽  
The Brain

Intracellular signaling mediated by the HMGB1 protein, an agonist of TLRs, is considered as a possible target for the correction of pathologies of the neuroimmune system, however, the expression level of the Hmgb1 gene has not been previously studied in various brain structures of rats exposed to prolonged alcoholization followed by ethanol withdrawal. The study showed that long-term use of ethanol caused to an increase in the level of Hmgb1 mRNA in the striatum of rat brain. Alcohol withdrawal changed the level Hmgb1 mRNA in the striatum and amygdala on the 1st and 14th day. The data obtained may indicate that in different structures of the brain there are multidirectional changes in the molecular mechanisms of the neuroimmune response with prolonged use of ethanol and its withdrawal.

scholarly journals Identification of differentially expressed genes response to TCDD in rat brain after long-term low-dose exposure

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangsheng Chen ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Heidi Q.H. Xie ◽  
Tuan Xu ◽  
Hualing Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Differentially Expressed

scholarly journals Proteomic responses to ocean acidification in the brain of juvenile coral reef fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hin Hung Tsang ◽  
Megan Welch ◽  
Philip L. Munday ◽  
Timothy Ravasi ◽  
Celia Schunter
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Juvenile Coral ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Chemical Alarm Cues ◽  
Contrast Exposure ◽  
Parental Phenotype ◽  
Proteomic Responses ◽  
The Brain

AbstractElevated CO2 levels predicted to occur by the end of the century can affect the physiology and behaviour of marine fishes. For one important survival mechanism, the response to chemical alarm cues from conspecifics, substantial among-individual variation in the extent of behavioural impairment when exposed to elevated CO2 has been observed in previous studies. Whole brain transcriptomic data has further emphasized the importance of parental phenotypic variation in the response of juvenile fish to elevated CO2. In this study, we investigate the genome-wide proteomic responses of this variation in the brain of 5-week old spiny damselfish, Acanthochromis polyacanthus. We compared the expression of proteins in the brains of juvenile A. polyacanthus from two different parental behavioural phenotypes (sensitive and tolerant) that had been experimentally exposed to short-term, long-term and inter-generational elevated CO2. Our results show differential expression of key proteins related to stress response and epigenetic markers with elevated CO2 exposure. Proteins related to neurological development were also differentially expressed particularly in the long-term developmental treatment, which might be critical for juvenile development. By contrast, exposure to elevated CO2 in the parental generation resulted in only three differentially expressed proteins in the offspring, revealing potential for inter-generational acclimation. Lastly, we found a distinct proteomic pattern in juveniles due to the behavioural sensitivity of parents to elevated CO2, even though the behaviour of the juvenile fish was impaired regardless of parental phenotype. Our data shows that developing juveniles are affected in their brain protein expression by elevated CO2, but the effect varies with the length of exposure as well as due to variation of parental phenotypes in the population.

scholarly journals A Neuroprotective Dose of Isatin Causes Multilevel Changes Involving the Brain Proteome: Prospects for Further Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Medvedev ◽  
Arthur Kopylov ◽  
Olga Buneeva ◽  
Leonid Kurbatov ◽  
Olga Tikhonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Brain Proteome ◽  
The Brain

Isatin (indole-2,3-dione) is an endogenous regulator, exhibiting a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. At doses of 100 mg/kg and above, isatin is neuroprotective in different experimental models of neurodegeneration. Good evidence exists that its effects are realized via interaction with numerous isatin-binding proteins identified in the brain and peripheral tissues studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of a single dose administration of isatin to mice (100 mg/kg, 24 h) on differentially expressed proteins and a profile of the isatin-binding proteins in brain hemispheres. Isatin administration to mice caused downregulation of 31 proteins. However, these changes cannot be attributed to altered expression of corresponding genes. Although at this time point isatin influenced the expression of more than 850 genes in brain hemispheres (including 433 upregulated and 418 downregulated genes), none of them could account for the changes in the differentially expressed proteins. Comparative proteomic analysis of brain isatin-binding proteins of control and isatin-treated mice revealed representative groups of proteins sensitive to isatin administration. Control-specific proteins (n = 55) represent specific targets that interact directly with isatin. Appearance of brain isatin-binding proteins specific to isatin-treated mice (n = 94) may be attributed to the formation of new clusters of protein–protein interactions and/or novel binding sites induced by a high concentration of this regulator (ligand-induced binding sites). Thus, isatin administration produces multiple effects in the brain, which include changes in gene expression and also profiles of isatin-binding proteins and their interactomes. Further studies are needed for deeper insight into the mechanisms of the multilevel changes in the brain proteome induced by isatin. In the context of the neuroprotective action, these changes may be aimed at interruption of pathological links that begin to form after initiation of pathological processes.

scholarly journals Expression of Toll-like receptors in emotiogenic structures of rat brain is changed under longterm alcohol consumption and ethanol withdrawal

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Airapetov ◽  
S. O. Eresko ◽  
E. R. Bychkov ◽  
A. A. Lebedev ◽  
P. D. Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Ethanol Consumption ◽  
Ethanol Withdrawal ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Tlr3 Mrna ◽  
The Brain

Recent studies have provided strong evidence that long-term ethanol consumption leads to activation the mechanisms of neuroimmune signaling. Recently, much attention has been focused on the study of toll-like receptors (Toll-like receptors, TLRs), which play one of the key roles in the mechanisms of activation of the innate immune system in brain structures subsequently ethanol consumption. It is known that the activation of TLRs leads to the release of many proinflammatory cytokines with the resulting neuroinflammatory process. There are suggestions that TLRs may also be involved in the modulation of neurotransmitter systems of the brain, thereby contributing to the formation of pathological dependence on ethanol. The goal of our work was to study the level of expression the genes of TLRs (TLR3, TLR4, TLR7) and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-1β, CCL2) in the rat brain (amygdala, hippocampus, medial entorhinal cortex, striatum) under conditions of prolonged alcoholization and on different periods of alcohol withdrawal, which was previously not studied by researchers. Prolonged alcoholization of rats with ethanol did not lead to changes in levels mRNA of TLRs in the studied structures of the rat brain, with the exception of a small increase in the level of TLR3 mRNA in the hippocampus of prolonged alcoholized rats and a slight increase in the level of TLR3 mRNA in mEC. However, gene expression of TLRs undergoes changes in all the structures of the rat brain studied by us at different periods of alcohol withdrawal. The increased level of expression of both TLRs and proinflammatory genes in the period of alcohol withdrawal in the rat brain hippocampus deserves special attention, which indicates the presence of a persistent neuroinflammatory process in this brain structure in the period of alcohol withdrawal, which is probably supported with the participation of TLR-dependent signaling. The study of the mechanisms of inflammatory process activation by TLR-dependent signaling in different brain structures can open new targets for drug exposure. Such drugs can be used in the treatment of alcoholism.

scholarly journals Comparative study on the metabolic responses of subterranean and surface-dwelling amphipods to long-term starvation and subsequent refeeding

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (24) ◽  
pp. 3587-3595
Author(s):  
F. Hervant ◽  
J. Mathieu ◽  
H. Barre
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Gammarus Fossarum ◽  
Surface Dwelling ◽  
Subterranean Species ◽  
Large Decline

The effects of long-term starvation and subsequent refeeding on intermediary and energy metabolism were investigated in two subterranean aquatic crustaceans, Niphargus rhenorhodanensis and Niphargus virei, and in a morphologically similar surface-dwelling species, Gammarus fossarum. The metabolic response to prolonged food deprivation was monophasic in G. fossarum, showing an immediate, linear and large decline in all of the energy reserves. In contrast, both subterranean organisms displayed successive periods of glucidic, proteo-glucidic then lipidic-dominant catabolism during food deprivation. In both subterranean species, lipids (51 % of the energy consumed during a 180-day starvation period) and proteins (44 %) were the most metabolized substrates in terms of total energy, whereas glycogen (5 %) contributed little energy. G. fossarum displayed a different energetic strategy: proteins comprised 56 % of the energy losses during a 28-day starvation period, total lipids some 39 % and glycogen reserves only 5 %. We propose an energy strategy for food-limited subterranean crustaceans involving the possession of (1) higher amounts of stored arginine phosphate, triglycerides and glycogen and (2) lower utilization rates of stored metabolites than G. fossarum and numerous other surface-dwelling crustaceans, making the fueling of food deprivation possible for a longer time. In addition, these species had a faster and more efficient assimilation of available nutrients during recovery from food deprivation, enabling preparation for a new nutritional stress. These specific adaptive responses might be considered, for N. virei and N. rhenorhodanensis, as an efficient energy-saving strategy for an environment where extended starvation periods alternate with sporadic feeding events, therefore improving their competitive advantages.

scholarly journals Identification of radiation responsive proteins from Spleen and Intestine tissue of mice using Mass Spectrometry approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shabir Husain ◽  
Faisal Ahmed ◽  
Ram Kumar ◽  
Akhilesh K Saini ◽  
Smriti Shubham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Peptide Mass Fingerprinting ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Chromosome Transmission ◽  
Peptide Mass ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractPurposeExposure to ionizing radiation (IR) can cause tissue damage, which is difficult to diagnose and treat as no biomarker is available for detection. We aimed to identify proteomic signature of radiation exposure (9.5Gry) in mice and to assess the utility of Podophyllotoxin extract (PTOX) in preventing radiation injury.Materials and MethodsSpleen and Small intestinal (SI) tissues were taken from control and lethally irradiated mice at different time intervals with or without pre-treatment with Podophyllotoxin extract. Proteins were identified using Mass Spectrometry and matched with Peptide Mass Fingerprinting.ResultsWe found multiple differentially expressed radiation responsive proteins from Spleen and SI tissues in irradiated mice at 24 hours and 30 days in comparison to healthy controls (p<0.05). Differentially expressed proteins like Chromosome transmission fidelity factor ano thath 18 homolog (CTF18) and Rho GTPase-activating protein from spleen and Acta_Mouse protein from SI were identified. These proteins disappeared at 48 hrs. after IR, but re-appeared after 13 days and fully recovered at 30 days in Podophyllotoxin treated group.ConclusionsSuch proteins may be useful in early detection of radiation exposure. Pre-treatment with Podophyllotoxin leads to recovery of the disappeared proteins and improved survival following exposure to irradiation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document