scholarly journals Antenatal Influenza A-Specific IgA, IgM, and IgG Antibodies in Mother’s Own Breast Milk and Donor Breast Milk, and Gastric Contents and Stools from Preterm Infants

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronique Demers-Mathieu ◽  
Robert K. Huston ◽  
Andi M. Markell ◽  
Elizabeth A. McCulley ◽  
Rachel L. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Gastric Contents ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Igg Isotypes

Antenatal milk anti-influenza antibodies may provide additional protection to newborns until they are able to produce their own antibodies. To evaluate the relative abundance of milk, we studied the antibodies specific to influenza A in feeds and gastric contents and stools from preterm infants fed mother’s own breast milk (MBM) and donor breast milk (DBM). Feed (MBM or DBM) and gastric contents (MBM or DBM at 1 h post-ingestion) and stool samples (MBM/DBM at 24 h post-ingestion) were collected, respectively, from 20 preterm (26–36 weeks gestational age) mother-infant pairs at 8–9 days and 21–22 days of postnatal age. Samples were analyzed via ELISA for anti-H1N1 hemagglutinin (anti-H1N1 HA) and anti-H3N2 neuraminidase (anti-H3N2 NA) specificity across immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes. The relative abundance of influenza A-specific IgA in feeds and gastric contents were higher in MBM than DBM at 8–9 days of postnatal age but did not differ at 21–22 days. Anti-influenza A-specific IgM was higher in MBM than in DBM at both postnatal times in feed and gastric samples. At both postnatal times, anti-influenza A-specific IgG was higher in MBM than DBM but did not differ in gastric contents. Gastric digestion reduced anti-H3N2 NA IgG from MBM at 21–22 days and from DBM at 8–9 days of lactation, whereas other anti-influenza A antibodies were not digested at either postnatal times. Supplementation of anti-influenza A-specific antibodies in DBM may help reduce the risk of influenza virus infection. However, the effective antibody dose required to induce a significant protective effect remains unknown.

Immunoglobulin-A Profile in Breast Milk from Mothers Delivering Full Term and Preterm Infants

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ballabio ◽  
E. Bertino ◽  
A. Coscia ◽  
C. Fabris ◽  
D. Fuggetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Full Term

scholarly journals Systematic Review : Immunoglobulin Concentration in Breast Milk as a Body Defense against Sars-Cov-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
Miftah Chairunnisa ◽  
Ananti Setya P P ◽  
Dewi Rahmawaty A P
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus

The largest cases of pneumonia occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China in December 2019, which resembles SARS-CoV as a cause of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) virus infection. The number of cases reaches 3.2 million people worldwide, and among them are breastfeeding mothers. Although virus transmission occurs through direct contact with infected patients, the number of infants or young children who were infected with COVID-19 during breastfeeding was only 10%. There is no scientific evidence for vertical transmission from mother to her baby during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The content of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) has a positive impact on the infant’s body. The objective of the study was to determine the immunoglobulin concentration in breast milk against SARS CoV2. The method used a systematic review approach with the design of Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The result showed laboratory clinical trials, the IgA, IgG, and IgM responses showed good results in the spread of the coronavirus into the baby's body. IgA reactivity has a higher concentration than other cells. In conclusion, Covid-19 pandemic made the public worried about their health, including breastfeeding mothers. The role of health workers is needed to provide information related to breastfeeding exclusively to their babies so that they will receive protection against virus entered their bodies. Suggestion: It is necessary to develop studies regarding the typical responses that come up from IgA, IgM, IgG and are able to protect infants from Covid-19 and vertical transmission between mother and her baby during pregnancy to breastfeeding.

scholarly journals The Development and Study of Recombinant Immunoglobulin A to Hemagglutinins of the Influenza Virus

Acta Naturae ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
T. K. Aliev ◽  
I. G. Dement’yeva ◽  
V. A. Toporova ◽  
V. V. Argentova ◽  
L. P. Pozdnyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Cho Cell ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Group I ◽  
Igg Isotypes ◽  
Genetic Constructs

We obtained recombinant variants of human antibody FI6 broadly specific to hemagglutinins of the influenza A virus. On the basis of a bi-promoter (CMV, hEF1-HTLV) vector, we developed genetic constructs for the expression of the heavy and light chains of the immunoglobulins of IgA1-, IgA2m1-, and IgG-isotypes. Following transfection and selection, stable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines were produced. The antibodies of IgA1-, IgA2m1-, and IgG-isotypes were purified from culture media. We performed an immunochemical characterization and studied their interactions with influenza A strains of the H1N1- and H3N2-subtypes. It was shown that recombinant FI6 variants of the IgA-isotype retain the properties of the parental IgG antibody to demonstrate specificity to all the strains tested. The strongest binding was observed for the H1N1 subtype, which belongs to hemagglutinins of phylogenetic group I.

Secretory immunoglobulin A in preterm infants: determination of normal values in breast milk and stool

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. Granger ◽  
Christopher A. Lamb ◽  
Nicholas D. Embleton ◽  
Lauren C. Beck ◽  
Andrea C. Masi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

scholarly journals Differences in Maternal Immunoglobulins within Mother’s Own Breast Milk and Donor Breast Milk and across Digestion in Preterm Infants

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronique Demers-Mathieu ◽  
Robert K. Huston ◽  
Andi M. Markell ◽  
Elizabeth A. McCulley ◽  
Rachel L. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Maternal Antibody ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Intact Antibody ◽  
Antibody Isotypes ◽  
Gastric Contents ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Essential Support

Maternal antibody transfer to the newborn provides essential support for the infant’s naïve immune system. Preterm infants normally receive maternal antibodies through mother’s own breast milk (MBM) or, when mothers are unable to provide all the milk required, donor breast milk (DBM). DBM is pasteurized and exposed to several freeze–thaw cycles, which could reduce intact antibody concentration and the antibody’s resistance to digestion within the infant. Whether concentrations of antibodies in MBM and DBM differ and whether their survival across digestion in preterm infants differs remains unknown. Feed (MBM or DBM), gastric contents (MBM or DBM at 1-h post-ingestion) and stool samples (collected after a mix of MBM and DBM feeding) were collected from 20 preterm (26–36 weeks gestational age) mother–infant pairs at 8–9 and 21–22 days of postnatal age. Samples were analyzed via ELISA for the concentration of secretory IgA (SIgA), total IgA (SIgA/IgA), total IgM (SIgM/IgM) and IgG. Total IgA, SIgA, total IgM and IgG concentrations were 55.0%, 71.6%, 98.4% and 41.1% higher in MBM than in DBM, and were 49.8%, 32.7%, 73.9% and 39.7% higher in gastric contents when infants were fed with MBM than when infants were fed DBM, respectively. All maternal antibody isotypes present in breast milk were detected in the infant stools, of which IgA (not sIgA) was the most abundant.

Impact of influenza virus during pregnancy: from disease severity to vaccine efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 441-453
Author(s):  
Ana Vazquez-Pagan ◽  
Rebekah Honce ◽  
Stacey Schultz-Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Severe Influenza ◽  
The Impact

Pregnant women are among the individuals at the highest risk for severe influenza virus infection. Infection of the mother during pregnancy increases the probability of adverse fetal outcomes such as small for gestational age, preterm birth and fetal death. Animal models of syngeneic and allogeneic mating can recapitulate the increased disease severity observed in pregnant women and are used to define the mechanism(s) of that increased severity. This review focuses on influenza A virus pathogenesis, the unique immunological landscape during pregnancy, the impact of maternal influenza virus infection on the fetus and the immune responses at the maternal–fetal interface. Finally, we summarize the importance of immunization and antiviral treatment in this population and highlight issues that warrant further investigation.

A Fungal Cu/Zn-Containing Superoxide Dismutase Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of a Plant Polyphenol Extract in Experimental Influenza Virus Infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Serkedjieva ◽  
Tsvetanka Stefanova ◽  
Ekaterina Krumova
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Experimental Influenza

The combined protective effect of a polyphenol-rich extract, isolated from Geranium sanguineum L. (PC), and a novel naturally glycosylated Cu/Zn-containing superoxide dismutase, produced from the fungal strain Humicula lutea 103 (HL-SOD), in the experimental influenza A virus infection (EIVI) in mice, induced with the virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2), was investigated. The combined application of HL-SOD and PC in doses, which by themselves do not defend significantly mice in EIVI, resulted in a synergistically increased protection, determined on the basis of protective indices and amelioration of lung injury. Lung weights and consolidation as well as infectious lung virus titers were all decreased significantly parallel to the reduction of the mortality rates; lung indices were raised. The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by alveolar macrophages (aMØ) as well as the elevated levels of the lung antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), induced by EIVI, were brought to normal. For comparative reasons the combined protective effect of PC and vitamin C was investigated. The obtained results support the combined use of antioxidants for the treatment of influenza virus infection and in general indicate the beneficial protective role of combinations of viral inhibitors of natural origin with diverse modes of action.

scholarly journals Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin and Other Pathogen Glycoprotein Interactions with NK Cell Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors NKp46, NKp44, and NKp30

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Jasmina M. Luczo ◽  
Sydney L. Ronzulli ◽  
Stephen M. Tompkins
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Natural Cytotoxicity ◽  
Activating Receptors ◽  
Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors

Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immunity repertoire, and function in the recognition and destruction of tumorigenic and pathogen-infected cells. Engagement of NK cell activating receptors can lead to functional activation of NK cells, resulting in lysis of target cells. NK cell activating receptors specific for non-major histocompatibility complex ligands are NKp46, NKp44, NKp30, NKG2D, and CD16 (also known as FcγRIII). The natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), NKp46, NKp44, and NKp30, have been implicated in functional activation of NK cells following influenza virus infection via binding with influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA). In this review we describe NK cell and influenza A virus biology, and the interactions of influenza A virus HA and other pathogen lectins with NK cell natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs). We review concepts which intersect viral immunology, traditional virology and glycobiology to provide insights into the interactions between influenza virus HA and the NCRs. Furthermore, we provide expert opinion on future directions that would provide insights into currently unanswered questions.

scholarly journals Chimeric Hemagglutinin-Based Live-Attenuated Vaccines Confer Durable Protective Immunity against Influenza A Viruses in a Preclinical Ferret Model

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Wen-Chun Liu ◽  
Raffael Nachbagauer ◽  
Daniel Stadlbauer ◽  
Shirin Strohmeier ◽  
Alicia Solórzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Stalk Domain ◽  
One Year

Epidemic or pandemic influenza can annually cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans. We developed novel chimeric hemagglutinin (cHA)-based universal influenza virus vaccines, which contain a conserved HA stalk domain from a 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) strain combined with globular head domains from avian influenza A viruses. Our previous reports demonstrated that prime-boost sequential immunizations induced robust antibody responses directed toward the conserved HA stalk domain in ferrets. Herein, we further followed vaccinated animals for one year to compare the efficacy and durability of these vaccines in the preclinical ferret model of influenza. Although all cHA-based immunization regimens induced durable HA stalk-specific and heterosubtypic antibody responses in ferrets, sequential immunization with live-attenuated influenza virus vaccines (LAIV-LAIV) conferred the best protection against upper respiratory tract infection by a pH1N1 influenza A virus. The findings from this study suggest that our sequential immunization strategy for a cHA-based universal influenza virus vaccine provides durable protective humoral and cellular immunity against influenza virus infection.

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