scholarly journals The Analysis of Food Intake in Patients with Cirrhosis Waiting for Liver Transplantation: A Neglected Step in the Nutritional Assessment

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Palmese ◽  
Ilaria Bolondi ◽  
Ferdinando Antonino Giannone ◽  
Giacomo Zaccherini ◽  
Manuel Tufoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Nutritional Disorder ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates ◽  
The Individual

Patients with cirrhosis waiting for liver transplantation (LT) frequently present a nutritional disorder, which represents an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality before and after transplantation. Thus, a proper assessment of the food intake by using different methods, such as food records, food frequency questionnaires, and 24 h recall, should be deemed an important step of the nutritional management of these patients. The available published studies indicate that the daily food intake is inadequate in the majority of waitlisted patients. These findings were confirmed by our experience, showing that the daily intake of total calories, proteins and carbohydrates was inadequate in approximately 85–95% of patients, while that of lipids and simple carbohydrates was inadequate in almost 50% of them. These data highlight the need to implement an effective educational program provided by certified nutritionists or dieticians, who should work in close collaboration with the hepatologist to provide a nutritional intervention tailored to the individual patient requirements.

scholarly journals Serum thyroglobulin before and after iodization of salt: an 11-year DanThyr follow-up study

2015 ◽  
Vol 173 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Krejbjerg ◽  
Lena Bjergved ◽  
Inge Bülow Pedersen ◽  
Allan Carlé ◽  
Nils Knudsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Serum Thyroglobulin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

ObjectiveOur objective was to investigate individual serum thyroglobulin (Tg) changes in relation to iodine fortification (IF) and to clarify possible predictors of these changes.DesignWe performed a longitudinal population-based study (DanThyr) in two regions with different iodine intake at baseline: Aalborg (moderate iodine deficiency (ID)) and Copenhagen (mild ID). Participants were examined at baseline (1997) before the mandatory IF of salt (2000) and again at follow-up (2008) after IF.MethodsWe examined 2465 adults and a total of 1417 participants with no previous thyroid disease and without Tg-autoantibodies were included in the analyses. Serum Tg was measured by immunoradiometric method. We registered participants with a daily intake of iodine from supplements in addition to IF.ResultsOverall, the follow-up period saw no change in median Tg in Copenhagen (9.1/9.1 μg/l,P=0.67) while Tg decreased significantly in Aalborg (11.4/9.0 μg/l,P<0.001). Regional differences were evident before IF (Copenhagen/Aalborg, 9.1/11.4 μg/l,P<0.001), whereas no differences existed after IF (9.1/9.0 μg/l,P=1.00). Living in Aalborg (P<0.001) and not using iodine supplements at baseline (P=0.001) predicted a decrease in Tg whereas baseline thyroid enlargement (P=0.02) and multinodularity (P=0.01) were associated with an individual increase in Tg during follow-up.ConclusionsAfter IF we observed a decrease in median Tg in Aalborg and the previously observed regional differences between Aalborg and Copenhagen had levelled out. Likewise, living in Aalborg was a strong predictor of an individual decrease in serum Tg. Thus, even small differences in iodine intake at baseline were very important for the individual response to IF.

Inter-age correlations of body weight, weight gain and food intake within and between breeds of cattle

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Thiessen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Average Daily Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Range

ABSTRACTIn a multibreed experiment, 292 heifers from 25 British cattle breeds were fed a standard pelleted diet ad libitum from 12 to 72 weeks of age. Inter-age correlations involving body weight, weight gain, average daily food intake and cumulated food intake were measured across traits at the same age and within and across traits at ages separated by an interval of 12, 24, 36 and 48 weeks. Within-breed correlations were phenotypic but between-breed correlations were genetic.The between-breed inter-age correlations involving body weight, cumulated intake and average daily intake were all very high (range 104 to 0·94) and declined only gradually as the intervening age interval increased from 12 to 48 weeks. Inter-age correlations involving weight gain were lower but usually above 0·7. The within-breed correlations by contrast were invariably lower and declined much more rapidly as the age interval increased. Although the between-breed and within-breed correlations differed in magnitude there was a similarity in their overall pattern.For breed samples, body weight at young ages provided very accurate rankings at later ages for body weight, cumulated intake and average daily intake. Body weight was almost as reliable as food intake itself for predicting cumulated intake.For individuals within breeds predicted rankings at later ages were not very accurate for body weight or cumulated intake and they became worse as the age interval increased. Neither weight gain nor average daily intake could be predicted with any reliability.Inter-age correlations while dependant on age interval did not depend on age itself in the case of body weight and cumulated intake, although they were age-dependant for weight gain and to a lesser extent for average daily intake. Reciprocal correlations between body weight and cumulated intake were very symmetrical whereas those involving weight gain and daily intake were asymmetrical.

Feeding Ecology of the Nocturnal Gecko Hemidactylus brookii in Ghana

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Avery
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe diet of Hemidactylus brookii captured at Legon, Ghana, during July was composed entirely of arthropods; Lepidoptera larvae and cockroaches formed 40% of the total weight of food. Daily food intake during the dry season estimated from production of excretory urates was equivalent to that of small diurnal lizards, and given by the relationship F = 20.9W0.51 where F = food consumption in mg dry weight per day and W = live weight in grams. Daily intake during the wet season was variable and often reduced.

On the suppression of food intake in experimental models of colitis in the rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (5) ◽  
pp. R871-R876 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. McHugh ◽  
H. P. Weingarten ◽  
C. Keenan ◽  
J. L. Wallace ◽  
S. M. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Lipoxygenase Inhibitor ◽  
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intrarectal Administration

We measured daily food intake and body weight in rats before and after the induction of colitis by intrarectal administration of either 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid in ethyl alcohol (TNBE) or 4% acetic acid (AA). Administration of TNBE or AA induced inflammation in the distal colon, which was reflected by a significant increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the colon. On days 1, 2, and 3 after induction of colitis by TNBE, food intake fell by 80, 70, and 50%, respectively, compared with pretreatment values; food intake returned to normal by day 4. Body weight fell within 24 h after induction of colitis and remained 10% less than control for at least 5 days. Colitis induced by AA produced a similar pattern and degree of decreased food intake and weight loss. Treatment with the 5'-lipoxygenase inhibitor MK-886 significantly reduced concentrations of leukotriene B4 in the colon of TNBE-treated rats but did not affect food intake. In contrast, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin decreased prostaglandin E2 concentrations in the colon but also attenuated the suppression of feeding by 52 and 64% on the first 2 days after induction of colitis by TNBE. These results identify a specific prostaglandin-mediated suppression of feeding in the rat with acute colitis induced by TNBE and illustrate the utility of this model for studying mechanisms underlying anorexia associated with inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

The influence of diet before and after calving on the food intake, production and health of primiparous cows, with special reference to sole haemorrhages

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Olsson ◽  
C. Bergsten ◽  
H. Wiktorsson
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

AbstractSixty-five primiparous cows were used in two experiments to study the effects of feeding high or low levels of concentrate during the last 2 to 3 weeks before calving on performance in early lactation. During early lactation (until 12 or 16 weeks after calving) all the 23 cows in experiment 1 were given the same diet. In experiment 2, the 42 cows were given diets with a ratio of concentrate/forage of either 60:40 or 40: 60, each providing the same energy level.The food intake of almost all the cows decreased in the few days before calving but the decrease was less pronounced among those on the low concentrate level before calving. The average daily food intake during the calving week gave a metabolizable energy intake about 30 MJ higher on the high compared with the low feeding level. The level of feeding before calving had no effect on the cows' food intake after calving, or on their milk yield, health and fertility, or on scores for udder oedema and sole haemorrhages. The high level offeeding before calving was associated with significantly higher concentrations of insulin and lower concentrations of free fatty acids in the calving week of lactation but the level offeeding either before or after calving had no effect on these concentrations in the 8th week of lactation. The feeding of a high ratio of concentrate/forage after calving was associated with a significantly lower milk fat content. It can be concluded that the concentrate/forage ratio at calving does not seem to have any significance for the performance after calving.

scholarly journals Effect of an abrupt switch from a milk-based to a fibre-based diet on gastric emptying rates in pigs: difference between origins of fibre

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Boudry ◽  
Sylvie Guérin ◽  
Charles Henri Malbert
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Dietary Switch ◽  
Fibrous Diet

A characteristic dietary feature at weaning is a switch from a milk-based to plant-based diet, i.e. from a non-fibrous to a fibrous diet. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of such an abrupt dietary switch on gastric emptying rate in pigs maintained on a milk substitute after weaning. Eighteen piglets were kept on a milk substitute for 5 weeks after weaning and were then switched to wheat-based or barley-based diets or kept on the milk substitute (six piglets per group). All piglets were fasted for 1d before the switch and daily food intake was then increased linearly to reach initial values within 3d. The gastric emptying rate was measured by γ-scintigraphy before and after the switch. Corpo-antral peristalsis was also evaluated by the use of high-frequency scintigraphic frames. The gastric emptying rate of the wheat-based diet was accelerated on days 1 to 3 after the switch, but was similar to that in the milk-substitute group thereafter. This acceleration was concomitant with an enhanced frequency of corpo-antral waves on days 2 and 3. Conversely, the gastric emptying rate of the barley-based diet tended to be enhanced on day 2, but was delayed on days 4 and 5, without any change in frequency of corpo-antral waves. We conclude that a switch from a non-fibrous to a fibrous diet alters the gastric emptying rate differently depending on the type of dietary fibre.

Effects of single-space feeder design on feeding behaviour and performance of growing pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Nielsen ◽  
A. B. Lawrence ◽  
C. T. Whittemore
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Length Standard ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Low Head ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Entire Male

AbstractComputerized food intake recording systems of various designs are used by research, centres and breeding companies to monitor the individual food intake of pigs kept in groups. In the present experiment, three feeder designs are compared in order to estimate the effect on performance and feeding behaviour. Ninety entire male pigs (34 (s.e. 0·6) kg) were allocated in three replicates to pens of 10 pigs; each pen containing one of three different feeder entrance designs: low (head-guard), medium (full-length standard race), and high (enclosed pneumatic race) protection against disturbance of the feeding pig. No significant differences were found between treatments in daily food intake, daily live-weight gain, food conversion ratio, number of visits per day and daily feeder occupation. Pigs with access to an enclosed race had longer visits than pigs on the two other treatments, and they also ate more per visit (4·8, 4·8 and 6·2 (s.e.d. = 0·37) min per visit; 172, 157, and 202 (s.e.d. = 11·1) g per visit; means of low, medium and high protection, respectively). The enclosed race was not only the most protective, it was also the most difficult to enter, and this decreased accessibility of the food may have given rise to the changed feeding pattern displayed by pigs using this type of race. Access to a feeder with low protection resulted in a faster rate of eating (36·9, 33·2, and 32·8 (s.e.d. = 0·82) g/min; means of low, medium and high protection, respectively) indicative of a more forced feeding behaviour.

The role of the ileum in the control of food intake and intestinal adaptation

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry S. Koopmans
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Intestinal Adaptation ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Jejunoileal Bypass ◽  
Conditioned Aversion ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Intestinal Infusion ◽  
Lower Ileum

Studies on animals that drastically reduce their food intake after having a jejunoileal bypass or an ileal transposition surgery suggest that the lower ileum may play a major role in the control of daily food intake. In this study, eight rats were given slow continuous infusions of either 18, 28, or 38 mL of their normal liquid diet directly into their upper ileum. They reduced their daily intake in a compensatory way for the two smaller infusions and in a more than compensatory way for the large infusion. The later result suggests that the large infusion may have caused the rats some discomfort, which led to a lower food intake. This was tested in a conditioned aversion paradigm with an ileal infusion of 26 mL of the diet into eight naive rats. These rats showed a strong aversion to the ileal infusion. Infusion of the same amount of diet into the stomach of eight other rats failed to demonstrate an aversion and showed that the procedures of the experiment did not produce the aversion. The infusion of relatively small amounts of liquid diet into the ileum produces an internal signal that reduces intake and is regulatory. A second process in which ileal infusion causes discomfort leads eventually to a more than regulatory decrease in daily intake.Key words: food intake, intestinal infusion, ileal, conditioned aversion.

scholarly journals Dose combinations of exendin-4 and salmon calcitonin produce additive and synergistic reductions in food intake in nonhuman primates

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (3) ◽  
pp. R945-R952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas T. Bello ◽  
Matthew H. Kemm ◽  
Erica M. Ofeldt ◽  
Timothy H. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Salmon Calcitonin ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Access To Food

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and amylin mediate the feedback control of eating by seemingly separate, but overlapping mechanisms. This study examined the effects of combined doses of the GLP-1 agonist, exendin-4 (Ex-4), and the amylin analog, salmon calcitonin (sCT), on food intake and meal patterns in adult male rhesus monkeys. Monkeys received intramuscular injections of Ex-4 (0, 0.1, 0.32, or 0.56 μg/kg), sCT (0, 0.1, or 0.32 μg/kg), or combinations thereof before a 6-h daily access to food. Dose combinations produced reductions in food intake that were significantly greater than those produced by the individual doses. Surface plots of the hourly intake indicated a synergistic interaction at lower doses of Ex-4 and sCT during the first 4 h of feeding and additive effects at hours 5 and 6. Meal pattern analysis revealed the combinational doses reduced average meal size and meal frequency by additive interactions, whereas infra-additive effects were apparent at lower doses for first meal size. Combinational doses were further characterized by administration of repeated daily injections of 0.56 μg/kg Ex-4 + 0.32 μg/kg sCT for 5 days. This resulted in sustained reductions in daily food intake (>70% from saline baseline) for 5 days with residual reductions (∼48% from saline baseline) persisting on day 1 following the injections. In contrast, when pair-fed an identical amount of daily food, there was a compensatory food intake increase on day 1 following the pair-feeding (∼132% of saline baseline). Such data suggest Ex-4 and sCT interact in an overall additive fashion to reduce food intake and further the understanding of how GLP-1 and amylin agonist combinations influence feeding behavior.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document