scholarly journals Increased Susceptibility to Obesity and Glucose Intolerance in Adult Female Rats Programmed by High-Protein Diet during Gestation, But Not during Lactation

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Caroline Desclée de Maredsous ◽  
Gabrielle Carlin ◽  
Annemarie Oosting ◽  
Corine Delteil ◽  
Dalila Azzout-Marniche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Fetal and early postnatal nutritional environments contribute to lifelong health. High-protein (HP) intake in early life can increase obesity risk in response to specific feeding conditions after weaning. This study investigated the effects of a maternal HP diet during pregnancy and/or lactation on the metabolic health of offspring. Three groups of dams received a normal-protein (NP, 20E% proteins) diet during gestation and lactation (Control group), an HP diet (55E% proteins) during gestation (HPgest group), or an HP diet during lactation (HPlact group). From weaning until 10 weeks, female pups were exposed to the NP, the HP or the western (W) diet. HPgest pups had more adipocytes (p = 0.009), more subcutaneous adipose tissue (p = 0.04) and increased expression of genes involved in liver fatty acid synthesis at 10 weeks (p < 0.05). HPgest rats also showed higher food intake and adiposity under the W diet compared to the Control and HPlact rats (p ≤ 0.04). The post-weaning HP diet reduced weight (p < 0.0001), food intake (p < 0.0001), adiposity (p < 0.0001) and glucose tolerance (p < 0.0001) compared to the NP and W diets; this effect was enhanced in the HPgest group (p = 0.04). These results show that a maternal HP diet during gestation, but not lactation, leads to a higher susceptibility to obesity and glucose intolerance in female offspring.

Effect of Fetal and Neonatal Hypothyroidism on Glucose Tolerance in Middle-Aged Female Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Jeddi ◽  
Saeedeh Khalifi ◽  
Mahboubeh Ghanbari ◽  
Asghar Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Neonatal Hypothyroidism ◽  
Glucose Levels

Background and objective: The effects of hypothyroidism during pregnancy and lactation on carbohydrate metabolism have been mostly studied in male animals. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate effect of fetal and neonatal hypothyroidism (FH and NH) on the glucose tolerance in middle-aged female rat offspring. Methods: Pregnant female rats were divided into three groups: Rats in the control group consumed tap water, while those in the FH and NH groups consumed 250 mg/L of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in their drinking water during gestation or lactation periods, respectively. After weaning, the female offspring were separated and divided into 3 groups (n=8/group): Control, FH, and NH. Body weight was recorded monthly and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed at month 12. Results: Compared to controls, female rats in the FH group had significantly higher plasma glucose levels than controls throughout the IVGTT except at min 60. Values at min 5 of the FH and control group were 196.1±1.9 and 155.3±5.9 mg/dL, respectively (P<0.05). In the NH group, plasma glucose levels were significantly higher only at min 5 (185.7±14.1 vs. 155.3±5.9 mg/dL, P<0.05). Conclusion: Hypothyroidism during fetal or neonatal periods caused glucose intolerance in middle-aged female offspring rats.

Prevention of arsenic-mediated reproductive toxicity in adult female rats by high protein diet

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1363-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srabanti Mondal ◽  
Sanjit Mukherjee ◽  
Keya Chaudhuri ◽  
Syed N. Kabir ◽  
Prabir Kumar Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Female Rats

scholarly journals Effects of Maternal Deprivation on Anxiety, Depression, and Empathy in Male and Female Offspring of Wistar Rats in the Face of Novel Objects

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1093
Author(s):  
Solmaz Khalifeh ◽  
Fariba Khodagholi ◽  
Mehrad Moghtadaei ◽  
Ali Behvarmanesh ◽  
Afshin Kheradmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Maternal Deprivation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Novel Objects ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background: Early life stress (ELS) models such as maternal deprivation (MD) are used to in¬vestigate behavioral changes in rodents under stressful situations. MD is a situation in which rat pups are separated from the dam; MD has different paradigms. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effects of maternal deprivation on anxiety, depression, and empathy in adult Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: MD was applied to pups as per specifically designed protocol to compare rats of the control group with maternal deprivation rats and also the group, which faced novel objects. Each group consisted of eight rats. In this study, separation started from postnatal day (PND) 14 for various periods up to PND 60. EPM test was undertaken to measure anxiety; moreover, FST was used to indicate levels of depression. Also, changes in the empathy ratio were also demonstrated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s post hoc analysis, and t-test were applied to analyze the results. Results: MD-treated rats showed a significant decrease in anxiety and empathy indexes compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). However, MD significantly increased depression in both male and female rats (P<0.05). Final¬ly, exposure to novel objects decreased depression but did not have any effect on anxiety and empathy levels in MD rats (P<0.05). Conclusion: ELS may lead to various states of mood and behavior in adulthood. According to the findings of this study, depression increases due to MD, though both anxiety and empathy decrease in both male and female Wistar rats. Moreover, ex¬posure to novel objects decreases depression, while anxiety and empathy do not change signifi¬cantly with exposure to novel objects. [GMJ.2019;8:e1093]

scholarly journals The Intestinal Peptide Transporter PEPT1 Is Involved in Food Intake Regulation in Mice Fed a High-Protein Diet

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. e26407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Nässl ◽  
Isabel Rubio-Aliaga ◽  
Manuela Sailer ◽  
Hannelore Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Peptide Transporter ◽  
Food Intake Regulation ◽  
Intake Regulation

scholarly journals 136HIGH PROTEIN DIET INHIBITS INNER CELL MASS FORMATION AND INCREASES APOPTOSIS IN MOUSE BLASTOCYSTS DEVELOPED IN VIVO BY INCREASING THE LEVELS OF AMMONIUM IN THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Gardner ◽  
K.S. Stilley ◽  
M. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oviduct Fluid ◽  
Mass Formation

Ammonium is known to adversely affect the development of mouse embryos in culture. Specifically, ammonium has been found to impair inner cell (ICM) mass formation, increase apoptosis, retard fetal development following embryo transfer and induce exencephaly. Significantly, high protein diets in cattle lead to reduced fecundity. This has been linked to elevated urea levels within fluid of the female tract. In this study we have determined the effects of a high protein diet for mice on the levels of ammonium within the female tract and the effects of such a diet on the development and viability of blastocysts developed in vivo. Outbred mice (CF1) were fed a diet of either 25% (high protein) or 14% (control) protein for 4 weeks. Females were superovulated and mated to males of the same strain. In 24 mice, oviduct fluid was collected at 22h post hCG. Ammonium in the oviduct fluid was then quantitated fluorometrically. From other animals, blastocysts were flushed 92h post hCG and analyzed. Blastocyst differentiation and apoptotic indices were determined. Values are mean±SEM. Data were analysed using Student’s t-test. The levels of ammonium in the oviduct were significantly higher (P&lt;0.01) in females fed the high protein diet (356±43μM) compared to the control (68±13μM) (n=12 in each group). Blastocysts (n=139) from females fed the high protein diet had significantly lower total (43.4±1.1; P&lt;0.05) and ICM cell numbers (12.7±0.4; P&lt;0.01), compared to the control group (46.8±0.9 and 15.4±0.4 respectively; n=124). Furthermore, blastocysts from animals fed a high protein diet had a significantly higher apoptotic index (8.7±1.4; P&lt;0.01) compared to the control group (2.0±0.5). These data show that consumption of a high protein diet results in the excess accumulation of ammonium in the fluid of the female reproductive tract of mice. These high levels of ammonium subsequently impair the formation of the fetal progenitor cells and increase cell death at the blastocyst stage. These data from in vivo-developed mouse blastocysts are similar to those for blastocysts developed in culture in the presence of 300μM ammonium. Therefore, it is not advisable to maintain mice on a high protein diet. These data have significant implications for animal breeding, and for patients attempting IVF treatment.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HIGH PROTEIN DIET IN ACTIVITY OF ANTIOXIDANTS AND LEVEL OF INFLAMMATION ON SPRINT ATHLETE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Sri Wahjunia ◽  
Soetanto Hartono
Keyword(s):  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariate Technique ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Photo Camera ◽  
Laboratory Examinations

This study aims to analyze the effect of a low-carbohydrate high-protein diet to increase the level of antioxidant, decrease inflammation and improve performance of athlete. The research was carried out by experimental research methods, within the design of "Randomized Control Group Pretest Posttest Design".A sample was taken from 20 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 30 teenage athletes in PASI East Java sprints. The Data were collected by measuring the sprint results by finish photo camera and laboratory examinations to determine the levels of antioxidants (SOD) and the inflammation degree (TNF α)in blood. The data were analyzed using multivariate technique (Manova) Hotelling's method (T2). Hypothesis testing using α0.05. The results and conclusions of the study stated that the normal diet had no effect on the variables of sprint running speed, SOD and TNF-α levels. While low-carbohydrate and high-protein diet can increase SOD levels of 211.44 /gHb, reduce (TNF α) at least 0.309 pg/ml, and the average increase in antioxidant activity caused by low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet is 24,989 / gHb higher than normal diet, the decrease in the degree of inflammation is 0.196 pg/ml, however, it has no effect on the speed of sprint.

scholarly journals Effect of high protein diet in activity of antioxidants and level of inflammation on sprint athlete

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Endang Sri Wahjuni ◽  
Soetanto Hartono
Keyword(s):  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariate Technique ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Photo Camera ◽  
Laboratory Examinations

This study aims to analyze the effect of a low-carbohydrate high-protein diet to increase the level of antioxidant, decrease inflammation and improve performance of athlete. The research was carried out by experimental research methods, within the design of “Randomized Control Group Pretest Posttest Design”. A sample was taken from 20 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 30 teenage athletes in PASI East Java sprints. The Data were collected by measuring the sprint results by finish photo camera and laboratory examinations to determine the levels of antioxidants (SOD) and the inflammation degree (TNF-α) in blood. The data were analyzed using multivariate technique (Manova) Hotelling’s method (T2). Hypothesis testing using α = 0.05. The results and conclusions of the study stated that the normal diet had no effect on the variables of sprint running speed, SOD and TNF-α levels. While low-carbohydrate and high-protein diet can increase SOD levels of 211.44/gHb, reduce (TNF-α) at least 0.309 pg/ml, and the average increase in antioxidant activity caused by low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet is 24.989/gHb higher than normal diet, the decrease in the degree of inflammation is 0.196 pg/ml, however, it has no effect on the speed of sprint.

scholarly journals A High-Protein Diet Reduces Weight Gain, Decreases Food Intake, Decreases Liver Fat Deposition, and Improves Markers of Muscle Metabolism in Obese Zucker Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
William French ◽  
Sami Dridi ◽  
Stephanie Shouse ◽  
Hexirui Wu ◽  
Aubree Hawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats

Effects on muscle of dieting with or without exercise in overweight postmenopausal women

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 1365-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. L. Svendsen ◽  
M. Krotkiewski ◽  
C. Hassager ◽  
C. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Muscle Morphology

The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an energy-restrictive, high-protein diet with or without exercise on muscle morphology and biochemistry. Moderately overweight postmenopausal women (49-58 yr, body mass index: 25-42 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to three groups for 12 wk of intervention; namely, a control group, a group on a 4.2 MJ/day diet, and a group on 4.2 MJ/day diet combined with aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Muscle morphology and biochemistry analysis were performed in 69 and 58 women, respectively. In contrast to the diet-only group, the die-plus- exercise group significantly increased the muscle fiber areas by 20-25%, the number of capillaries per muscle fiber type I by approximately 20%, and the activities of citrate synthase by approximately 35% and hexokinase by approximately 20% (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant changes in any other muscle variable (P < 0.05). The respiratory exchange ratio decreased in both intervention groups by 2-4% (P < 0.01). It is concluded that 12-wk period of an energy-restrictive high-protein diet was not associated with major changes in muscle morphology or biochemistry. The addition of exercise to the die led to an adaptive increase in muscle fiber areas and in the oxidative capacity of the muscles.

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