scholarly journals Anti-Stress, Glial- and Neuro-Differentiation Potential of Resveratrol: Characterization by Cellular, Biochemical and Imaging Assays

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Sajal Afzal ◽  
Sukant Garg ◽  
Divya Adiga ◽  
Yoshiyuki Ishida ◽  
Keiji Terao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Rat Glioma ◽  
Age Related

Environmental stress, exhaustive industrialization and the use of chemicals in our daily lives contribute to increasing incidence of cancer and other pathologies. Although the cancer treatment has revolutionized in last 2–3 decades, shortcomings such as (i) extremely high cost of treatment, (ii) poor availability of drugs, (iii) severe side effects and (iv) emergence of drug resistance have prioritized the need of developing alternate natural, economic and welfare (NEW) therapeutics reagents. Identification and characterization of such anti-stress NEW drugs that not only limit the growth of cancer cells but also reprogram them to perform their specific functions are highly desired. We recruited rat glioma- and human neuroblastoma-based assays to explore such activities of resveratrol, a naturally occurring stilbenoid. We demonstrate that nontoxic doses of resveratrol protect cells against a variety of stresses that are largely involved in age-related brain pathologies. These included oxidative, DNA damage, metal toxicity, heat, hypoxia, and protein aggregation stresses. Furthermore, it caused differentiation of cells to functional astrocytes and neurons as characterized by the upregulation of their specific protein markers. These findings endorse multiple bioactivities of resveratrol and encourage them to be tested for their benefits in animal models and humans.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Differences in Extracellular Vesicle Protein Cargo in Synovial Fluid of Patients with Osteoarthritis

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Ravindra Kolhe ◽  
Virgenal Owens ◽  
Ashok Sharma ◽  
Tae Jin Lee ◽  
Wenbo Zhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Cellular Pathways

Women are at a significantly higher risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA) compared to males. The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) in women is poorly understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to play an essential role in numerous signaling processes during the pathogenesis of age-related diseases via paracrine signaling. Molecular profiling of the synovial fluid-derived EVs cargo in women may help in the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutics for the treatment of OA in women. Previously, we reported that synovial fluid-derived EV miRNA cargo differs in a sex-specific manner. This study aims to characterize synovial fluid-derived EV protein cargo in OA patients. Our data showed sex-specific EVs protein content in OA. We found haptoglobin, orosomucoid, and ceruloplasmin significantly up-regulated, whereas apolipoprotein down-regulated in female OA EVs. In males, we discovered β-2-glycoprotein, and complement component 5 proteins significantly up-regulated and Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA)-associated factor 29 down-regulated in male OA EVs. Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and QuickGO analysis revealed OA-specific protein involvement in several biological, molecular, and cellular pathways, specifically in inflammatory processes. In conclusion, synovial fluid EV protein content is altered in a sex-specific manner with OA, explaining the increased prevalence and severity of OA in women.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Multiple Myeloma Stem Cell-Like Cells

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3523
Author(s):  
Wancheng Guo ◽  
Haiqin Wang ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Xiaokai Shen ◽  
Boxin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
High Relapse Rate ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell tumor of the blood system with high incidence and poor prognosis. With a further understanding of the pathogenesis of MM and the bone marrow microenvironment, a variety of adjuvant cell therapies and new drugs have been developed. However, the drug resistance and high relapse rate of MM have not been fundamentally resolved. Studies have shown that, in patients with MM, there is a type of poorly differentiated progenitor cell (MM stem cell-like cells, MMSCs). Although there is no recognized standard for identification and classification, it is confirmed that they are closely related to the drug resistance and relapse of MM. This article therefore systematically summarizes the latest developments in MMSCs with possible markers of MMSCs, introduces the mechanism of how MMSCs work in MM resistance and recurrence, and discusses the active pathways that related to stemness of MM.

scholarly journals Antiangiogenic potential of Jatropha curcas latex in the chick chorioallantoic membrane model

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 32157
Author(s):  
Luciane Madureira Almeida ◽  
Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão ◽  
Illana Reis Pereira ◽  
Fabrício Alves Ferreira ◽  
Patrícia Lima D'Abadia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Angiogenesis Inhibitor ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Membrane Model ◽  
Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane

AIMS: To perform a physicochemical and phytochemical characterization of Jatropha curcas latex and to investigate its antiangiogenic potential. METHODS: We performed an initial physicochemical characterization of J. curcas latex using thermal gravimetric analyses and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. After that, phenols, tannins and flavonoids were quantified. Finally, the potential of J. curcas latex to inhibit angiogenesis was evaluated using the chick chorioallantoic membrane model. Five groups of 20 fertilized chicken eggs each had the chorioallantoic membrane exposed to the following solutions: (1) water, negative control; (2) dexamethasone, angiogenesis inhibitor; (3) Regederm®, positive control; (4) 25% J. curcas latex diluted in water; (5) 50% J. curcas latex diluted in water; and (6) J. curcas crude latex. Analysis of the newly-formed vascular net was made through captured images and quantification of the number of pixels. Histological analyses were performed to evaluate the inflammation, neovascularization, and hyperemia parameters. The results were statically analyzed with a significance level set at p ˂0.05.RESULTS: Physicochemical characterization showed that J. curcas latex presented a low amount of cis-1.4-polyisoprene, which reduced its elasticity and thermal stability. Phytochemical analyses of J. curcas latex identified a substantial amount of phenols, tannins, and flavonoids (51.9%, 11.8%, and 0.07% respectively). Using a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, we demonstrated the antiangiogenic potential of J. curcas latex. The latex induced a decrease in the vascularization of the membranes when compared with neutral and positive controls (water and Regederm®). However, when compared with the negative control (dexamethasone), higher J. curcas latex concentrations showed no significant differences.CONCLUSIONS: J. curcas latex showed low thermal stability, and consisted of phenols, tannins, and flavonoids, but little or no rubber. Moreover, this latex demonstrated a significant antiangiogenic activity on a chick chorioallantoic membrane model. The combination of antimutagenic, cytotoxic, antioxidant and antiangiogenic properties makes J. curcas latex a potential target for the development of new drugs.

Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from rat bone marrow: ultrastructural properties, differentiation potential and immunophenotypic markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdal Karaoz ◽  
Ayça Aksoy ◽  
Selda Ayhan ◽  
Ayla Eker Sarıboyacı ◽  
Figen Kaymaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Rat Bone

scholarly journals Insights into the Functionality of the Putative Residues Involved in Enterocin AS-48 Maturation

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (21) ◽  
pp. 7268-7276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Cebrián ◽  
Mercedes Maqueda ◽  
José Luis Neira ◽  
Eva Valdivia ◽  
Manuel Martínez-Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Circular Structure ◽  
Cleavage Enzyme ◽  
Site Recognition ◽  
Biosynthetic Machinery

ABSTRACT AS-48 is a 70-residue, α-helical, cationic bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecalis and is very singular in its circular structure and its broad antibacterial spectrum. The AS-48 preprotein consists of an N-terminal signal peptide (SP) (35 residues) followed by a proprotein moiety that undergoes posttranslational modifications to yield the mature and active circular protein. For the study of the specificity of the region of AS-48 that is responsible for maturation, three single mutants have been generated by site-directed mutagenesis in the as-48A structural gene. The substitutions were made just in the residues that are thought to constitute a recognition site for the SP cleavage enzyme (His-1, Met1) and in those involved in circularization (Met1, Trp70). Each derivative was expressed in the enterococcal JH2-2 strain containing the necessary native biosynthetic machinery for enterocin production. The importance of these derivatives in AS-48 processing has been evaluated on the basis of the production and structural characterization of the corresponding derivatives. Notably, only two of them (Trp70Ala and Met1Ala derivatives) could be purified in different forms and amounts and are characterized for their bactericidal activity and secondary structure. We could not detect any production of AS-48 in JH2-2(pAM401-81 His-1Ile ) by using the conventional chromatographic techniques, despite the high efficiency of the culture conditions applied to produce this enterocin. Our results underline the different important roles of the mutated residues in (i) the elimination of the SP, (ii) the production levels and antibacterial activity of the mature proteins, and (iii) protein circularization. Moreover, our findings suggest that His-1 is critically involved in cleavage site recognition, its substitution being responsible for the blockage of processing, thereby hampering the production of the specific protein in the cellular culture supernatant.

scholarly journals Characterization of an activated human ros gene.

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3109-3116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Birchmeier ◽  
D Birnbaum ◽  
G Waitches ◽  
O Fasano ◽  
M Wigler
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Extracellular Domain ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Normal Human

A human oncogene, mcf3, previously detected by a combination of DNA-mediated gene transfer and a tumorigenicity assay, derives from a human homology of the avian v-ros oncogene. Both v-ros and mcf3 can encode a protein with homology to tyrosine-specific protein kinases, and both mcf3 and v-ros encode a potential transmembrane domain N terminal to the kinase domain. mcf3 probably arose during gene transfer from a normal human ros gene by the loss of a putative extracellular domain. There do not appear to be any other gross rearrangements in the structure of mcf3.

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