scholarly journals Flavonoids and Other Polyphenols Act as Epigenetic Modifiers in Breast Cancer

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanga Selvakumar ◽  
Aja Badgeley ◽  
Paige Murphy ◽  
Hina Anwar ◽  
Urvashi Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtype ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Chromatin Modification ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Anti Cancer

Breast cancer is a common cancer that occurs due to different epigenetic alterations and genetic mutations. Various epidemiological studies have demonstrated an inverse correlation between breast cancer incidence and flavonoid intake. The anti-cancer action of flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic compounds that are present in plants, as secondary metabolites has been a major topic of research for many years. Our review analysis demonstrates that flavonoids exhibit anti-cancer activity against breast cancer occurring in different ethnic populations. Breast cancer subtype and menopausal status are the key factors in inducing the flavonoid’s anti-cancer action in breast cancer. The dose is another key factor, with research showing that approximately 10 mg/day of isoflavones is required to inhibit breast cancer occurrence. In addition, flavonoids also influence the epigenetic machinery in breast cancer, with research demonstrating that epigallocatechin, genistein, and resveratrol all inhibited DNA methyltransferase and altered chromatin modification in breast cancer. These flavonoids can induce the expression of different tumor suppressor genes that may contribute to decreasing breast cancer progression and metastasis. Additional studies are required to confirm the contribution of epigenetic modifications by flavonoids to breast cancer prevention.

scholarly journals Prospective analysis of circulating metabolites and breast cancer in EPIC

BMC Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde His ◽  
Vivian Viallon ◽  
Laure Dossus ◽  
Audrey Gicquiau ◽  
David Achaintre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtype ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Her2 Status

Abstract Background Metabolomics is a promising molecular tool to identify novel etiologic pathways leading to cancer. Using a targeted approach, we prospectively investigated the associations between metabolite concentrations in plasma and breast cancer risk. Methods A nested case-control study was established within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer cohort, which included 1624 first primary incident invasive breast cancer cases (with known estrogen and progesterone receptor and HER2 status) and 1624 matched controls. Metabolites (n = 127, acylcarnitines, amino acids, biogenic amines, glycerophospholipids, hexose, sphingolipids) were measured by mass spectrometry in pre-diagnostic plasma samples and tested for associations with breast cancer incidence using multivariable conditional logistic regression. Results Among women not using hormones at baseline (n = 2248), and after control for multiple tests, concentrations of arginine (odds ratio [OR] per SD = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70–0.90), asparagine (OR = 0.83 (0.74–0.92)), and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) ae C36:3 (OR = 0.83 (0.76–0.90)), aa C36:3 (OR = 0.84 (0.77–0.93)), ae C34:2 (OR = 0.85 (0.78–0.94)), ae C36:2 (OR = 0.85 (0.78–0.88)), and ae C38:2 (OR = 0.84 (0.76–0.93)) were inversely associated with breast cancer risk, while the acylcarnitine C2 (OR = 1.23 (1.11–1.35)) was positively associated with disease risk. In the overall population, C2 (OR = 1.15 (1.06–1.24)) and PC ae C36:3 (OR = 0.88 (0.82–0.95)) were associated with risk of breast cancer, and these relationships did not differ by breast cancer subtype, age at diagnosis, fasting status, menopausal status, or adiposity. Conclusions These findings point to potentially novel pathways and biomarkers of breast cancer development. Results warrant replication in other epidemiological studies.

Joint effects of multiple sleep characteristics on breast cancer progression by menopausal status

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Zhuo-zhi Liang ◽  
Yi-xin Zhang ◽  
Ying Lin ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Xiao-ming Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Breast Cancer Progression ◽  
Joint Effects

scholarly journals Persistent Organic Pollutants and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of the Literature

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoutar Ennour-Idrissi ◽  
Pierre Ayotte ◽  
Caroline Diorio
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Breast Adipose Tissue ◽  
Breast Adipose

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) bioaccumulate in the food chain and have been detected in human blood and adipose tissue. Experimental studies demonstrated that POPs can cause and promote growth of breast cancer. However, inconsistent results from epidemiological studies do not support a causal relationship between POPs and breast cancer in women. To identify individual POPs that are repeatedly found to be associated with both breast cancer incidence and progression, and to demystify the observed inconsistencies between epidemiological studies, we conducted a systematic review of 95 studies retrieved from three main electronic databases. While no clear pattern of associations between blood POPs and breast cancer incidence could be drawn, POPs measured in breast adipose tissue were more clearly associated with higher breast cancer incidence. POPs were more consistently associated with worse breast cancer prognosis whether measured in blood or breast adipose tissue. In contrast, POPs measured in adipose tissue other than breast were inversely associated with both breast cancer incidence and prognosis. Differences in biological tissues used for POPs measurement and methodological biases explain the discrepancies between studies results. Some individual compounds associated with both breast cancer incidence and progression, deserve further investigation.

scholarly journals The Complex Interaction between the Tumor Micro-Environment and Immune Checkpoints in Breast Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Barriga ◽  
Nyanbol Kuol ◽  
Kulmira Nurgali ◽  
Vasso Apostolopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtype ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Cancer Subtype ◽  
Insight Into

The progression of breast cancer and its association with clinical outcome and treatment remain largely unexplored. Accumulating data has highlighted the interaction between cells of the immune system and the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, and although studies have identified multiple facets of cancer progression within the development of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its constituents, there is lack of research into the associations between breast cancer subtype and staging. Current literature has provided insight into the cells and pathways associated with breast cancer progression through expression analysis. However, there is lack of co-expression studies between immune pathways and cells of the TME that form pro-tumorigenic relationships contributing to immune-evasion. We focus on the immune checkpoint and TME elements that influence cancer progression, particularly studies in molecular subtypes of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Obesity and Breast Cancer: A Case of Inflamed Adipose Tissue

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Kolb ◽  
Weizhou Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Increased Risk

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women and a worse prognosis for all major breast cancer subtypes regardless of menopausal status. While the link between obesity and the pathogenesis of breast cancer is clear, the molecular mechanism of this association is not completely understood due to the complexity of both obesity and breast cancer. The aim of this review is to highlight the association between obesity and breast cancer and discuss the literature, which indicates that this association is due to chronic adipose tissue inflammation. We will discuss the epidemiological data for the association between breast cancer incidence and progression as well as the potential molecular mechanisms for this association. We will focus on the role of inflammation within the adipose tissue during the pathogenesis of breast cancer. A better understanding of how obesity and adipose tissue inflammation affects the pathogenesis of breast cancer will lead to new strategies to reduce breast cancer risk and improve patient outcomes for obese patients.

scholarly journals Transposon mutagenesis identifies genes that cooperate with mutant Pten in breast cancer progression

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (48) ◽  
pp. E7749-E7758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Rangel ◽  
Song-Choon Lee ◽  
Kenneth Hon-Kim Ban ◽  
Liliana Guzman-Rojas ◽  
Michael B. Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtype ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Transposon Mutagenesis ◽  
Phosphatase And Tensin Homolog ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Tensin Homolog ◽  
Cancer Subtype

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis of any breast cancer subtype. To better understand the genetic forces driving TNBC, we performed a transposon mutagenesis screen in a phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) mutant mice and identified 12 candidate trunk drivers and a much larger number of progression genes. Validation studies identified eight TNBC tumor suppressor genes, including the GATA-like transcriptional repressorTRPS1. Down-regulation ofTRPS1in TNBC cells promoted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by deregulating multiple EMT pathway genes, in addition to increasing the expression ofSERPINE1andSERPINB2and the subsequent migration, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. Transposon mutagenesis has thus provided a better understanding of the genetic forces driving TNBC and discovered genes with potential clinical importance in TNBC.

scholarly journals Development of a Cationic Amphiphilic Helical Peptidomimetic (B18L) As A Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Lead

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Lyu ◽  
Steven Kopcho ◽  
Folnetti A. Alvarez ◽  
Bryson C. Okeoma ◽  
Chioma M. Okeoma
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Cancer Cell Death ◽  
Drug Lead ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Agent ◽  
Caspase Substrate ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

BST-2 is a novel driver of cancer progression whose expression confers oncogenic properties to breast cancer cells. As such, targeting BST-2 in tumors may be an effective therapeutic approach against breast cancer. Here, we sought to develop potent cytotoxic anti-cancer agent using the second-generation BST-2-based anti-adhesion peptide, B18, as backbone. To this end, we designed a series of five B18-derived peptidomimetics. Among these, B18L, a cationic amphiphilic α-helical peptidomimetic, was selected as the drug lead because it displayed superior anti-cancer activity against both drug-resistant and drug-sensitive cancer cells, with minimal toxicity on normal cells. Probing mechanism of action using molecular dynamics simulations, biochemical and membrane biophysics studies, we observed that B18L binds BST-2 and possesses membranolytic characteristics. Furthermore, molecular biology studies show that B18L dysregulates cancer signaling pathways resulting in decreased Src and Erk1/2 phosphorylation, increased expression of pro-apoptotic Bcl2 proteins, caspase 3 cleavage products, as well as processing of the caspase substrate, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), to the characteristic apoptotic fragment. These data indicate that through the coordinated regulation of membrane, mitochondrial and signaling events, B18L executes cancer cell death and thus has the potential to be developed into a potent and selective anti-cancer compound.

scholarly journals The Association Between Phytosterol Intake and Breast Cancer Incidence in the Adventist Health Study-2 Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 352-352
Author(s):  
Rawiwan Sirirat ◽  
Yessenia Tantamango-Bartley ◽  
Celine Heskey ◽  
Ella Haddad ◽  
Gary Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Adventist Health Study

Abstract Objectives Breast cancer is the most diagnosed form of cancer among American women. Worldwide, it is second only to lung cancer. Phytosterols are phytochemicals found in plant foods that have potential benefits for breast cancer. Research on phytosterols and cancer associations to date has been limited to breast cancer cell lines and animal studies, and the results have been promising. Our objective is to examine the association between breast cancer incidence and phytosterol intake in the Adventist Health Study-2, a large cohort in North America. Methods The present study estimated the association between phytosterol intake and breast cancer incidence in 52,734 females who were part of the Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS-2) cohort. Breast cancer cases (n = 1050) were ascertained with tumor registries from 2008 to 2014. Phytosterols content in foods was quantified by using USDA 17 and other published sources. These values were used to estimate phytosterol intake from food intake assessed by a self-administered food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Results Hazard ratios were below the null, but statistically non-significant for β-sitosterol [HR = 0.77, 95%CI (0.44–1.36)], campesterol [HR = 0.84, 95%CI (0.46–1.55)], stigmasterol [HR = 0.76 (0.46–1.26)], and total phytosterol [HR = 0.77, 95%CI (0.43–1.40)]. In premenopausal women, HRs ranged between 0.95–1.72; in postmenopausal women, HRs were below the null, ranging between 0.67–0.83. In both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, HRs were statistically non-significant. Conclusions The inverse association between phytosterol consumption and breast cancer incidence appears uncertain. The uncertainty possibly could be due to lack of power or measurement error. Additional epidemiological studies with a larger number of breast cancer cases, improved phytosterol intake estimates, or both are needed. Funding Sources Unilever Research &Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.

scholarly journals Breast Density and Breast Cancer Incidence in the Lebanese Population: Results from a Retrospective Multicenter Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Salem ◽  
David Atallah ◽  
Joelle Safi ◽  
Georges Chahine ◽  
Antoine Haddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Dense Breasts ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Diagnostic Mammography ◽  
History Of ◽  
Retrospective Multicenter Study

Purpose. To study the distribution of breast mammogram density in Lebanese women and correlate it with breast cancer (BC) incidence.Methods. Data from 1,049 women who had screening or diagnostic mammography were retrospectively reviewed. Age, menopausal status, contraceptives or hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), parity, breastfeeding, history of BC, breast mammogram density, and final BI-RADS assessment were collected. Breast density was analyzed in each age category and compared according to factors that could influence breast density and BC incidence.Results. 120 (11.4%) patients had BC personal history with radiation and/or chemotherapy; 66 patients were postmenopausal under HRT. Mean age was52.58±11.90years. 76.4% of the patients (30–39 years) had dense breasts. Parity, age, and menopausal status were correlated to breast density whereas breastfeeding and personal/family history of BC and HRT were not. In multivariate analysis, it was shown that the risk of breast cancer significantly increases 3.3% with age (P=0.005), 2.5 times in case of menopause (P=0.004), and 1.4 times when breast density increases (P=0.014).Conclusion. Breast density distribution in Lebanon is similar to the western society. Similarly to other studies, it was shown that high breast density was statistically related to breast cancer, especially in older and menopausal women.

scholarly journals Association Analysis of Obesity/Overweight and Breast Cancer Using Data Mining Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Mahsa Dehghani Soufi ◽  
Reza Ferdousi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Data Mining Algorithms

Introduction: Growing evidence has shown that some overweight factors could be implicated in tumor genesis, higher recurrence and mortality. In addition, association of various overweight factors and breast cancer has not been extensively explored. The goal of this research was to explore and evaluate the association of various overweight/obesity factors and breast cancer, based on obesity breast cancer data set.Material and Methods: Several studies show that a significantly stronger association is obvious between overweight and higher breast cancer incidence, but the role of some overweight factors such as BMI, insulin-resistance, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA), Leptin, adiponectin, glucose and MCP.1 is still debatable, So for experiment of research work several clinical and biochemical overweight factors, including age, Body Mass Index (BMI), Glucose, Insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA), Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin and Monocyte chemo attractant protein-1(MCP-1) were analyzed. Data mining algorithms including k-means, Apriori, Hierarchical clustering algorithm (HCM) were applied using orange version 3.22 as an open source data mining tool.Results: The Apriori algorithm generated a list of frequent item sets and some strong rules from dataset and found that insulin, HOMA and leptin are two items often simultaneously were seen for BC patients that leads to cancer progression. K-means algorithm applied and it divided samples on three clusters and its results showed that the pair of andlt;Adiponectin, MCP.1andgt;  has the highest effect on seperation of clusters. In addition HCM was carried out and classified BC patients into 1-32 clusters to So this research apply HCM algorithm. We carried out hierarchical clustering with average linkage without purning and classified BC patients into 1–32 clusters in order to identify BC patients with similar charestrictics.Conclusion: These finding provide the employed algorithms in this study can be helpful to our aim.

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