scholarly journals Characteristic Analysis of Trigonelline Contained in Raphanus sativus Cv. Sakurajima Daikon and Results from the First Trial Examining Its Vasodilator Properties in Humans

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maho Sasaki ◽  
Yuri Nonoshita ◽  
Takashi Kajiya ◽  
Nobuhiko Atsuchi ◽  
Megumi Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Characteristic Analysis

Vascular disease poses a major public health problem worldwide. Trigonelline isolated from Raphanus sativus cv. Sakurajima Daikon (Sakurajima radish) induces nitric oxide production from vascular endothelial cells and enhances vascular function. Here, we investigated the characteristics of trigonelline and its effects on endothelial function after consumption of Sakurajima radish by humans. Our results show that Sakurajima radish contains approximately 60 times more trigonelline than other radishes and squashes. Additionally, no significant differences were observed between varieties of Sakurajima radish, suggesting that any type of Sakurajima radish can be ingested for trigonelline supplementation. The effects of cooking and processing Sakurajima radish were also evaluated, as were the effects of freezing, and changes in osmotic pressure and pH. A first-in-human trial using Sakurajima radish showed that ingestion of 170 g/day of Sakurajima radish for ten days increased blood trigonelline concentrations and significantly improved flow-mediated dilation, which is a measure of vascular endothelial function. Overall, our findings suggest that the trigonelline contained in Sakurajima radish may contribute to improved human vascular endothelial function. Hence, Sakurajima radish may enhance vascular endothelial function as a functional food.

Abstract 319: Effects of Muscle Stretching on Flow-Mediated Dilation of Popliteal Artery in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Hotta ◽  
Wayne B Batchelor ◽  
James Graven ◽  
Vishal Dahya ◽  
Thomas E Noel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Muscle Stretching ◽  
Artery Disease

Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) frequently have walking impairment due to lower extremity claudication. Our preliminary results in a rat model of aging indicate that a program of daily calf muscle stretching improves endothelium-dependent dilation of soleus muscle arterioles and increases soleus muscle blood flow during exercise. However, the effects of muscle stretching on the function of arteries supplying the legs of PAD patients is unknown. We hypothesized that daily calf muscle stretching improves vascular endothelial function and walking distance in PAD patients. To test our hypothesis, a randomized, non-blinded, crossover study was performed. Four weeks of muscle stretching (30 min/d, 5 days/wk) and 4 weeks of sedentary lifestyle (no stretching) were performed in random order. Thirteen patients with PAD participated in this study (71 ± 2 years old; 7 males and 6 females). During the stretching intervention both ankle joints were maintained at 15o of dorsiflexion using ankle dorsiflexion splints to stretch their calf muscles at home. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD; dilation to post-occlusion reactive hyperemia) and nitroglycerin-induced dilation (dilation to sublingual 0.4 mg nitroglycerin) of the popliteal artery were measured after 4 weeks of muscle stretching and after the no stretching period using ultrasound. A six-minute walk test was also performed to obtain walking distance. After 4 weeks of muscle stretching, FMD and 6-minute walking distance significantly improved as compared to the values measured after 4 weeks of no stretching (FMD: 5.2 ± 0.6 % vs. 3.7 ± 0.4 %, P=0.003 stretching vs. no stretching, 6-minute walking distance: 355 ± 32 m vs. 311 ± 31 m, P=0.007, stretching vs. no stretching; mean ± SE). No difference in nitroglycerin-induced dilation was found between groups (10.9 ± 1.4 vs. 9.9 ± 1.1 %, P=0.54, stretching vs. no stretching). Percentage change of walking distance (%change = [(stretching - no stretching) / no stretching] x 100) significantly correlated with the %change of FMD (R 2 =0.65, P=0.03). These results indicate that static calf muscle stretching enhances vascular endothelial function of the popliteal artery, contributing to improvement of walking tolerance in PAD patients.

scholarly journals Effect of Strawberry Intake for 4 Weeks on Vascular Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure in Adults with Moderate Hypercholesterolemia (P06-128-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Xiao ◽  
Leailin Huang Huang ◽  
Indika Edirisinghe ◽  
Britt Burton-Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Pressure Independent ◽  
Hs Crp

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of chronic strawberry intake on cardiovascular risk factors including fasting lipids concentrations, vascular endothelial function and blood pressure in middle-age overweight or obese individuals with moderate hypercholesterolemia. We hypothesized that 4-week strawberry intake would improve the lipids profile and concomitantly improve measures of vascular function. Methods In this randomized, double-blinded, controlled, crossover trial, thirty-four subjects (age 53 ± 1 years, BMI 31 ± 1 kg m-2, mean ± SD) consumed a strawberry beverage containing 25 gram freeze-dried strawberry powder or energy-matched control beverage in random order twice a day for 4 weeks. Treatment periods were separated by 4-week washout period. Fasting lipids, glucose, insulin, high sensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and postprandial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and blood pressure, were measured at weeks 0, 4, 8 and 12. Results Fasting lipids, glucose, insulin, and hs-CRP did not differ between strawberry and control beverage interventions. In contrast, vascular function as measured by change in %FMD was significantly increased after strawberry compared to control after 4 weeks supplementation (4.3 ± 0.3% versus 3.6 ± 0.3%, respectively, p = 0.0096). In addition, %FMD was acutely increased from 0 to 1 hour after consuming strawberry beverage (p < 0.0001), which was consistent with reduced meal-induced increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP) postmeal (mean 2 hour changes in SBP after strawberry compared to control beverage, 2.3 ± 0.4 versus 3.4 ± 0.4 mmHg, p = 0.048). Conclusions Daily intake of strawberries may improve endothelial function and acute changes in blood pressure, independent of other metabolic changes, and may be considered a specific food/fruit to include in a heart-healthy diet in overweight or obese subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia. Funding Sources California Strawberry Commission, Watsonville, CA, USA. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of Exercise Training on Vascular Endothelial Function in Cancer Survivors

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhys I. Beaudry ◽  
Yuanyuan Liang ◽  
Steven T. Boyton ◽  
Wesley J. Tucker ◽  
R. Matthew Brothers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Vascular endothelial dysfunction, an important contributor in the development of CVD, improves with exercise training in patients with CVD. However, the role of regular exercise to improve vascular function in cancer survivors remains equivocal. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the effect of exercise training on vascular endothelial function in cancer survivors. We searched PubMed (1975 to 2016), EMBASE CINAHL (1937 to 2016), OVID MEDLINE (1948 to 2016), and Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials (1991 to 2016) using search terms: vascular function, endothelial function, flow-mediated dilation [FMD], reactive hyperemia, exercise, and cancer. Studies selected were randomized controlled trials of exercise training on vascular endothelial function in cancer survivors. We calculated pooled effect sizes and performed a meta-analysis. We identified 4 randomized controlled trials (breast cancer, n=2; prostate cancer, n=2) measuring vascular endothelial function by FMD (n=3) or reactive hyperemia index (n=1), including 163 cancer survivors (exercise training, n=82; control, n=81). Aerobic exercise training improved vascular function (n=4 studies; standardized mean difference [95% CI]=0.65 [0.33, 0.96], I2=0%; FMD, weighted mean difference [WMD]=1.28 [0.22, 2.34], I2=23.2%) and peak exercise oxygen uptake (3 trials; WMD [95% CI]=2.22 [0.83, 3.61] mL/kg/min; I2=0%). Our findings indicate that exercise training improves vascular endothelial function and exercise capacity in breast and prostate cancer survivors.

scholarly journals SUMO2 regulates vascular endothelial function and oxidative stress in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (6) ◽  
pp. H1292-H1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Rae Kim ◽  
Julia S. Jacobs ◽  
Qiuxia Li ◽  
Ravinder Reddy Gaddam ◽  
Ajit Vikram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
Vascular Oxidative Stress

SUMOylation is a posttranslational modification of lysine residues. Modification of proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO)1, -2, and -3 can achieve varied, and often unique, physiological and pathological effects. We looked for SUMO2-specific effects on vascular endothelial function. SUMO2 expression was upregulated in the aortic endothelium of hypercholesterolemic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice and was responsible for impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in these mice. Moreover, overexpression of SUMO2 in aortas ex vivo, in cultured endothelial cells, and transgenically in the endothelium of mice increased vascular oxidative stress and impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Conversely, inhibition of SUMO2 impaired physiological endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in normocholesterolemic mice. These findings indicate that while endogenous SUMO2 is important in maintenance of normal endothelium-dependent vascular function, its upregulation impairs vascular homeostasis and contributes to hypercholesterolemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sumoylation is known to impair vascular function; however, the role of specific SUMOs in the regulation of vascular function is not known. Using multiple complementary approaches, we show that hyper-SUMO2ylation impairs vascular endothelial function and increases vascular oxidative stress, whereas endogenous SUMO2 is essential for maintenance of normal physiological function of the vascular endothelium.

scholarly journals Vascular Endothelial Estrogen Receptor α Is Modulated by Estrogen Status and Related to Endothelial Function and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Healthy Women

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 542-542
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Gavin ◽  
Douglas R. Seals ◽  
Annemarie E. Silver ◽  
Kerrie L. Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

ABSTRACT Context and Objective Estrogen receptor α (ERα), a potent transcription factor expressed in vascular endothelial cells, plays a key role in regulating vascular function and health. We determined whether vascular endothelial cell expression of ERα is influenced by estrogen status and is related to vascular endothelial function in healthy women. Methods ERα protein expression was measured (quantitative immunofluorescence) in endothelial cells from peripheral veins of 16 healthy, premenopausal women during the early follicular (EF) and late follicular (LF) phases of the menstrual cycle and 17 estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. Endothelial-dependent dilation (EDD; brachial artery flow-mediated dilation) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and activation were also measured in a subgroup of women. Results In premenopausal women (n = 10), ERα expression was 30% lower (P &lt; 0.001) during the EF (low estrogen) compared with the LF (high estrogen) phase of the menstrual cycle. In postmenopausal women, ERα expression was 33% lower (P &lt; 0.001) compared with the LF phase of the menstrual cycle in premenopausal women. ERα expression was strongly related (r = 0.67; P &lt; 0.001) to EDD, which was reduced in postmenopausal women. ERα abundance was positively related to expression of eNOS (r = 0.54; P = 0.009; n = 21) and ser1177 phosphorylated eNOS (r = 0.59; P = 0.006; n = 20). Conclusions These results provide the first evidence that expression of ERα in vascular endothelial cells is modulated by estrogen status and may be a key determinant of vascular endothelial function in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women. ERα expression may influence vascular endothelial function in women by affecting protein levels and activation of eNOS.

Plant-Based Diet Reverses Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Peter H Lin ◽  
Debra Leslie ◽  
Mary Levine ◽  
Garth Davis ◽  
Caldwell Esselstyn
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

OBJECtIVE: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by impaired arterial circulation to the extremities caused in part by atherosclerosis. This study examined the effect of a plant-based diet (PBD) on vascular function in PAD patients.METHODs: Patients with PaD were randomized to plant-based dietary intervention (PBD group, n = 24) or no specific dietary advice (control group, n = 28). Biochemical parameters, including lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers, and nitric oxide were measured at baseline and 4 months after dietary intervention. Vascular function including brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness(IMT), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and brachial-ankle PWV were measured at baseline and 4 months after dietary intervention.RESULTS: Biochemical parameters were similar at baseline between the 2 groups. There was no change in any of the biochemical parameters in the control group at 4 months. However, patients in the PBD group had a significant improvement in lipid profile, including total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein a1 (APO-A1) levels. Greater nitric oxide and reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were found in the PBD group at 4 months, whereas there were no changes in the control group. at baseline, FMD was similar between the 2 groups. after 4 months, PBD participants showed significant endothelial function improvement in FMD response and arterial stiffness response, with increased carotid-femoral and brachial-ankle PWV compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: A plant-based diet improves vascular endothelial function in PaD patients following 4 months of dietary intervention. This dietary intervention can result in decreased serum cholesterol and inflammatory biomarkers, which may further enhance vascular endothelial function. KEYWORDS: Plant-based diet; Vascular endothelial function; Flow-mediated dilation; Brachial artery reactivity test

scholarly journals Study on Damage Mechanism and Repair of Vascular Endothelial Cells Based on Ultrasound Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shuhao Deng ◽  
Quan Jiang ◽  
Xin Lu ◽  
Yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Relaxation Function ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function

Objective. To detect the endothelial function of external iliac artery in rats with different stages of atherosclerosis by high-resolution ultrasound, so as to provide experimental methodological basis for evaluating the function of vascular endothelial cells by ultrasound. Methods. The animals were randomly divided into the control group ( n = 6 ) and the atherosclerosis model group ( n = 15 ). The atherosclerosis group was further divided into 4-week group, 8-week group, and 12-week group, with 5 animals in each group. After separating and grinding rat spleen, the obtained cells were cultured by density gradient centrifugation. After the cells adhered, the morphology of the cells was observed under a microscope and identified by DiI-Ac-LDL and FITC-UEA-I double staining. The activities of LDH and SOD, the contents of MDA and GSH, and the contents of NO in plasma were detected by biochemical methods. Results. The protective effect of rosanilin on brain injury in rats with acute hypobaric hypoxia and its regulation on the expression of pAkt protein; ox-LDL inhibited the proliferation activity of EPCs in a concentration-dependent manner. The expression of KLF2 and S1PR1 in HAEC can be knocked down by small interfering RNA, and knocking down KLF2 can not only downregulate the expression of S1PR1 but also downregulate HAVEN. With the development of atherosclerosis, the endothelium-dependent relaxation function and endothelium-independent relaxation function of the control group and the atherosclerosis model at 4, 8, and 12 weeks were damaged in different degrees and gradually aggravated. Conclusion. Atherosclerosis is a disease with both morphological and functional damage, and vascular endothelial function is damaged in the early stage with corresponding pathological changes. Ultrasound is an effective method to evaluate vascular endothelial function.

scholarly journals Replacing carbohydrate during a glucose challenge with the egg white portion or whole eggs protects against postprandial impairments in vascular endothelial function in prediabetic men by limiting increases in glycaemia and lipid peroxidation

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. McDonald ◽  
Chureeporn Chitchumroonchokchai ◽  
Jinhui Li ◽  
Eunice Mah ◽  
Allison N. Labyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Glucose Challenge ◽  
Egg Yolks ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
Postprandial Lipids

AbstractEggs attenuate postprandial hyperglycaemia (PPH), which transiently impairs vascular endothelial function (VEF). We hypothesised that co-ingestion of a glucose challenge with egg-based meals would protect against glucose-induced impairments in VEF by attenuating PPH and oxidative stress. A randomised, cross-over study was conducted in prediabetic men (n20) who ingested isoenegertic meals (1674 kJ (400 kcal)) containing 100 g glucose (GLU), or 75 g glucose with 1·5 whole eggs (EGG), seven egg whites (WHITE) or two egg yolks (YOLK). At 30 min intervals for 3 h, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), plasma glucose, insulin, cholecystokinin (CCK), lipids (total, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol; TAG), F2-isoprostanes normalised to arachidonic acid (F2-IsoPs/AA), and methylglyoxal were assessed. In GLU, FMD decreased at 30–60 min and returned to baseline levels by 90 min. GLU-mediated decreases in FMD were attenuated at 30–60 min in EGG and WHITE. Compared with GLU, FMDAUCwas higher in EGG and WHITE only. Relative to baseline, glucose increased at 30–120 min in GLU and YOLK but only at 30–90 min in EGG and WHITE. GlucoseAUCand insulinAUCwere also lower in EGG and WHITE only. However, CCKAUCwas higher in EGG and WHITE compared with GLU. Compared with GLU, F2-IsoPs/AAAUCwas lower in EGG and WHITE but unaffected by YOLK. Postprandial lipids and methylglyoxal did not differ between treatments. Thus, replacing a portion of a glucose challenge with whole eggs or egg whites, but not yolks, limits postprandial impairments in VEF by attenuating increases in glycaemia and lipid peroxidation.

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