scholarly journals Age-Related Changes and Sex-Related Differences in Brain Iron Metabolism

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2601
Author(s):  
Tanja Grubić Kezele ◽  
Božena Ćurko-Cofek
Keyword(s):  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Faster Development ◽  
Brain Iron Metabolism ◽  
Age Related Changes

Iron is an essential element that participates in numerous cellular processes. Any disruption of iron homeostasis leads to either iron deficiency or iron overload, which can be detrimental for humans’ health, especially in elderly. Each of these changes contributes to the faster development of many neurological disorders or stimulates progression of already present diseases. Age-related cellular and molecular alterations in iron metabolism can also lead to iron dyshomeostasis and deposition. Iron deposits can contribute to the development of inflammation, abnormal protein aggregation, and degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to the progressive decline in cognitive processes, contributing to pathophysiology of stroke and dysfunctions of body metabolism. Besides, since iron plays an important role in both neuroprotection and neurodegeneration, dietary iron homeostasis should be considered with caution. Recently, there has been increased interest in sex-related differences in iron metabolism and iron homeostasis. These differences have not yet been fully elucidated. In this review we will discuss the latest discoveries in iron metabolism, age-related changes, along with the sex differences in iron content in serum and brain, within the healthy aging population and in neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and stroke.

Age-related changes in iron homeostasis in mouse ferroxidase mutants

BioMetals ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Chen ◽  
Zouhair K. Attieh ◽  
Hua Gao ◽  
Gang Huang ◽  
Trent Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Age-Related Alterations in Endocrine Markers Do Not Match Changes in Psychosocial Measures: Findings From the Men’s Health 40+ Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 155798832092633
Author(s):  
T.J. Lacker ◽  
A. Walther ◽  
U. Ehlert
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Mixed Model Approach ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
Age Related Changes ◽  
Model Approach

While life expectancy continues to increase, aging can bring several distinct endocrine and psychosocial changes. The study aimed to investigate the interplay between biopsychosocial factors of healthy aging in specifically healthy aging men. Ninety-seven healthy aging men were investigated at two time points spanning 4 years. Participants completed questionnaires measuring several psychosocial dimensions and gave saliva samples for hormone quantification during a laboratory appointment. The study applied a random intercept mixed-model approach. Age-related changes were found in most endocrine markers (cortisol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, and progesterone), except for estradiol. Psychosocial measures remained stable, except for increased social support. Further, changes in endocrine and psychosocial measures were independent of each other. The results suggest that in healthy aging men, age-related endocrine changes occur, but do not necessarily determine a change in psychosocial measures. Potentially, preventive interventions can be derived from these results.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in Sirtuin 7 Expression in Calorie-Restricted and Refed Rats

Gerontology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Wronska ◽  
Aleksandra Lawniczak ◽  
Piotr M. Wierzbicki ◽  
Zbigniew Kmiec
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Age Related Changes

Background: Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) have been implicated to mediate the beneficial effects of calorie restriction for healthy aging. While the physiological functions of SIRT7 are still poorly understood, SIRT7 has recently been shown to affect ribosome biogenesis, mitochondrial gene expression, and hepatic lipid metabolism. Objective: To analyze the effects of age and short-term calorie restriction (SCR) and subsequent refeeding on SIRT7 expression in key metabolic tissues. Methods: Four- and 24-month-old male Wistar rats were subjected to 40% SCR for 30 days, followed by ad libitum feeding for 2 or 4 days. Liver, white adipose tissue (WAT), heart and skeletal muscle samples were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blotting for SIRT7 mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Results: Aging had diverse effects on SIRT7 levels in lipogenic tissues: both the mRNA and protein levels increased in the retroperitoneal depot (rWAT), did not change in the epididymal depot (eWAT), and decreased in the subcutaneous depot (sWAT) and the liver of old as compared to young animals. In the heart, extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) and soleus muscle (SOL), Sirt7 gene but not protein expression was lower in old than in young control rats. SCR did not affect SIRT7 expression in WAT and the liver in both age groups. In the heart of young animals, SCR did not affect SIRT7 mRNA or protein level. In EDL, SIRT7 protein but not mRNA levels decreased after SCR and remained reduced upon refeeding. In SOL, both SIRT7 mRNA and protein expression were inhibited by refeeding. In old rats, cardiac Sirt7 expression increased after SCR and refeeding. In old rats' EDL and SOL muscles, SIRT7 protein expression was inhibited by refeeding. Conclusion: Age-related changes of SIRT7 gene expression in key organs of energy homeostasis are tissue dependent.

scholarly journals Normal systemic iron homeostasis in mice with macrophage-specific deletion of transferrin receptor 2

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (3) ◽  
pp. G171-G180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Rishi ◽  
Eriza S. Secondes ◽  
Daniel F. Wallace ◽  
V. Nathan Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Specific Deletion ◽  
Transferrin Receptor 2

Iron is an essential element, since it is a component of many macromolecules involved in diverse physiological and cellular functions, including oxygen transport, cellular growth, and metabolism. Systemic iron homeostasis is predominantly regulated by the liver through the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. Hepcidin expression is itself regulated by a number of proteins, including transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2). TFR2 has been shown to be expressed in the liver, bone marrow, macrophages, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Studies from our laboratory have shown that mice with a hepatocyte-specific deletion of Tfr2 recapitulate the hemochromatosis phenotype of the global Tfr2 knockout mice, suggesting that the hepatic expression of TFR2 is important in systemic iron homeostasis. It is unclear how TFR2 in macrophages contributes to the regulation of iron metabolism. We examined the role of TFR2 in macrophages by analysis of transgenic mice lacking Tfr2 in macrophages by crossing Tfr2 f/f mice with LysM-Cre mice. Mice were fed an iron-rich diet or injected with lipopolysaccharide to examine the role of macrophage Tfr2 in iron- or inflammation-mediated regulation of hepcidin. Body iron homeostasis was unaffected in the knockout mice, suggesting that macrophage TFR2 is not required for the regulation of systemic iron metabolism. However, peritoneal macrophages of knockout mice had significantly lower levels of ferroportin mRNA and protein, suggesting that TFR2 may be involved in regulating ferroportin levels in macrophages. These studies further elucidate the role of TFR2 in the regulation of iron homeostasis and its role in regulation of ferroportin and thus macrophage iron homeostasis.

scholarly journals When the “Golden Years” turn blue

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Green ◽  
Joshua C. Magee ◽  
Amanda R.W. Steiner ◽  
Bethany A. Teachman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pathological Anxiety ◽  
Age Related Changes

Current treatments for disorders of emotion, such as pathological anxiety, are often less effective in older adults than in younger adults and have poorly understood mechanisms, pointing to the need for psychopathology models that better account for age-related changes in normative emotional functioning and the expression of disordered emotion. This article describes ways in which the healthy aging and emotion literature can enhance understanding and treatment of symptoms of anxiety and depression in later life. We offer recommendations on how to integrate the theories and findings of healthy aging literature with psychopathology research and clinical practice and highlight opportunities for future research.

scholarly journals Marked Age-Related Changes in Brain Iron Homeostasis in Amyloid Protein Precursor Knockout Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1055-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel A. Belaidi ◽  
Adam P. Gunn ◽  
Bruce X. Wong ◽  
Scott Ayton ◽  
Ambili T. Appukuttan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Amyloid Protein ◽  
Brain Iron ◽  
Protein Precursor ◽  
Amyloid Protein Precursor ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brain Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Which Physiological Swallowing Parameters Change with Healthy Aging?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Mancopes ◽  
Pooja Gandhi ◽  
Sana Smaoui ◽  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Bolus Transit ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ues Opening ◽  
Pharyngeal Area ◽  
Age Related Changes

Research suggests there are age-related changes in swallowing that do not constitute impairment (“presbyphagia”). The goal of this study was to explore the influence of age on quantitative measures of healthy swallowing by controlling for the effects of sex and sip volume in order to determine the specific characteristics of presbyphagia. Videofluoroscopy recordings of thin liquid swallows from 76 healthy adults (38 male), aged 21-82 were analysed. Blinded duplicate ratings of swallowing safety, efficiency, kinematics, and timing were made using the ASPEKT method. Hierarchical regression models were used to determine the effects of age, sex, and sip-volume on swallowing. There were no age-related changes in sip volume, number of swallows per bolus, frequency or severity of penetration-aspiration, duration of the hyoid-burst (HYB)-to-upper-esophageal-sphincter (UES) opening interval, time-to-laryngeal-vestibule-closure (LVC), peak hyoid position, hyoid speed, or pharyngeal residue. Significant changes seen with increasing age included: longer swallow reaction time, UES opening duration and LVC duration; larger pharyngeal area at rest and maximum constriction; and wider UES diameter. Male participants had larger sip volume and pharyngeal area at rest. Larger sip volumes were associated with multiple swallows per bolus and shorter hyoid-burst-to-UES opening intervals. These results help to define presbyphagic changes in swallowing that can be expected in healthy older adults up to 80 years of age, and distinguish them from changes that represent impairment. Certain parameters showed changes that were opposite in direction to changes that are usually considered to reflect impairment: longer UES opening, longer LVC duration and wider UES opening. These changes may reflect possible compensations for slower bolus transit. Further research is needed to determine the points along the age continuum where observed age-related changes in swallowing begin to emerge.

scholarly journals Diffusion MRI Changes in the Healthy Aging Canine Brain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica F. Barry ◽  
John P. Loftus ◽  
Wen-Ming Luh ◽  
Mony J. de Leon ◽  
Sumit N. Niogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Human Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

AbstractWhite matter dysfunction and degeneration have been a topic of great interest in healthy and pathological aging. While ex vivo studies have investigated age-related changes in canines, little in vivo canine aging research exists. Quantitative diffusion MRI such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has demonstrated aging and neurodegenerative white matter changes in humans. However, this method has not been applied and adapted in vivo to canine populations. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that white matter diffusion changes frequently reported in human aging are also found in aged canines. The study used Tract Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) and a region of interest (ROI) approach to investigate age related changes in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AxD) and radial diffusivity (RD). The results show that, compared to younger animals, aged canines have significant decreases in FA in parietal and temporal regions as well as the corpus callosum and fornix. Additionally, AxD decreases were observed in parietal, frontal and midbrain regions. Similarly, an age-related increase in RD was observed in the right parietal lobe while MD decreases were found in the midbrain. These findings suggest that canine samples offer a model for healthy human aging as they exhibit similar white matter diffusion tensor changes with age.

scholarly journals Cardiac tissue remodeling in healthy aging: the road to pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (1) ◽  
pp. C166-C182
Author(s):  
Evan Tracy ◽  
Gabrielle Rowe ◽  
Amanda J. LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Tissue Remodeling ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
The Road ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Valve Function ◽  
Age Related Changes

This review aims to highlight the normal physiological remodeling that occurs in healthy aging hearts, including changes that occur in contractility, conduction, valve function, large and small coronary vessels, and the extracellular matrix. These “normal” age-related changes serve as the foundation that supports decreased plasticity and limited ability for tissue remodeling during pathophysiological states such as myocardial ischemia and heart failure. This review will identify populations at greater risk for poor tissue remodeling in advanced age along with present and future therapeutic strategies that may ameliorate dysfunctional tissue remodeling in aging hearts.

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