Trajectories of Body Composition during Advanced Aging in Consideration of Diet and Physical Activity: A 20-Year Longitudinal Study

This prospective study investigates age-dependent changes in anthropometric data and body composition over a period of two decades in consideration of physical activity and diet in community-dwelling subjects ≥60 years. Overall, 401 subjects with median follow-up time of 12 years were examined. Fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were analyzed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physical activity was assessed via a self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intake was examined by 3-day dietary records. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the influence of age, sex, physical activity and energy/protein intake on anthropometric data and body composition by considering year of entry, use of diuretics and diagnosis of selected diseases. At baseline, median values for daily energy and protein intakes were 8.5 megajoule and 81 g and physical activity index was 1.7. After adjusting for covariates, advancing age was associated with parabolic changes indicating overall changes from age 60 to 90 years in women and men in body mass: −4.7 kg, −5.0 kg; body mass index: +0.04 kg/m2, −0.33 kg/m2; absolute FFM: −2.8 kg, −3.5 kg; absolute FM: −1.8 kg, −1.2 kg and waist circumference: +16 cm, +12 cm, respectively. No age-dependent changes were found for upper arm circumference and relative (%) FFM. Dietary and lifestyle factors were not associated with changes in anthropometric or body composition parameters. In summary, the results indicate non-linear age-dependent changes in anthropometric data and body composition, which are largely unaffected by the degree of habitual physical activity and dietary protein intake in well-nourished community-dwelling subjects.

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Influence of body composition on physical activity validation studies using doubly labeled water

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00901.2003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. 1357-1364 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Louise C. Mâsse ◽

Janet E. Fulton ◽

Kathleen L. Watson ◽

Matthew T. Mahar ◽

Michael C. Meyers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Body Mass ◽

Resting Metabolic Rate ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Doubly Labeled Water ◽

Comparison Analysis ◽

Methods Comparison ◽

Statistical Procedures

This study investigated the influence of two approaches (mathematical transformation and statistical procedures), used to account for body composition [body mass or fat-free mass (FFM)], on associations between two measures of physical activity and energy expenditure determined by doubly labeled water (DLW). Complete data for these analyses were available for 136 African American (44.1%) and Hispanic (55.9%) women (mean age 50 ± 7.3 yr). Total energy expenditure (TEE) by DLW was measured over 14 days. Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) was computed as 0.90 × TEE - resting metabolic rate. During week 2, participants wore an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days and completed a 7-day diary. Pearson's product-moment correlations and three statistical procedures (multiple regressions, partial correlations, and allometric scaling) were used to assess the effect of body composition on associations. The methods-comparison analysis was used to study the effect of body composition on agreement. The statistical procedures demonstrated that associations improved when body composition was included in the model. The accelerometer explained a small but meaningful portion of the variance in TEE and PAEE after body mass was accounted for. The methods-comparison analysis confirmed that agreement with DLW was affected by the transformation. Agreement between the diary (transformed with body mass) and TEE reflected the association that exists between body mass and TEE. These results suggest that the accelerometer and diary accounted for a small portion of TEE and PAEE. Most of the variance in DLW-measured energy expenditure was explained by body mass or FFM.

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TRANSITION TO A MORE EVEN DISTRIBUTION OF PROTEIN INTAKE IS ASSOCIATED WITH ENHANCED FAT LOSS IN OBESE OLDER ADULTS

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.3097 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S841-S841

Author(s):

Samaneh Farsijani ◽

Jane A Cauley ◽

Adam J Santanasto ◽

Nancy W Glynn ◽

Robert M Boudreau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Successful Aging ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Protein Distribution ◽

Fat Loss

Abstract Background: Optimization of intentional weight loss in obese older adults, through preferential fat mass reduction, is challenging, as the concomitant lean mass loss may exacerbate sarcopenia. Here, we assessed whether changes in within-day protein intake distribution are related to improvements in body composition in overweight/obese older adults during a hypocaloric and exercise intervention. Methods: Thirty-six community-dwelling, overweight-to-obese (BMI 28.0-39.9 kg/m2), sedentary older adults (aged 70.6±6.1 years) were randomized into either physical activity plus successful aging health education (PA+SA; n=15) or physical activity plus weight loss (PA+WL; n=21) programs. Body composition (by CT and DXA) and dietary intake (by three-day food records) were determined at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up visits. Within-day protein distribution was calculated as the coefficient of variation of protein ingested at breakfast [5:00–10:59], lunch [11:00–16:59] and dinner [17:00–1:00]. Secondary analysis was performed to determine associations between changes in protein intake distribution and body composition. Results: In both groups, baseline protein intake was skewed towards dinner. The pattern of protein intake changed towards a more even within-day distribution in PA+WL, but it remained unchanged in PA+SA. Transition towards a more even pattern of protein intake was independently associated with a greater decline in BMI (P<0.05) and abdominal subcutaneous fat (P<0.05) in PA+WL. However, changes in protein CV were not associated with weight loss in PA+SA. Conclusion: Our results show that mealtime distribution of protein intake throughout the day was associated with improved weight and fat loss under hypocaloric diet combined with physical activity.

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Obesity and Body Composition in Preschool Children with Different Levels of Actigraphy-Derived Physical Activity—A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9041210 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1210

Author(s):

Justyna Wyszyńska ◽

Piotr Matłosz ◽

Agnieszka Szybisty ◽

Paweł Lenik ◽

Katarzyna Dereń ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Steps Per Day

Detailed associations between physical activity (PA) and body composition in preschoolers remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess body composition among preschool children differentiated according to their levels of PA and to assess whether meeting the current PA recommendations is associated with a lower risk of obesity, determined by body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP). Free-living PA was measured using accelerometers for 7 days in children aged 5 to 6 years. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to estimate body composition. Significant differences in content of BFP, fat-free mass (FFM), and total body water (TBW) were found between boys meeting and not meeting moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) recommendations. Meeting the MVPA recommendation was associated with a twofold lower risk of obesity determined by BFP in boys but not in girls. In contrast, the total number of recommended steps per day was not related to adiposity in boys or girls. No statistically significant differences were observed in body composition indices and quintiles of MVPA. Boys in the 3rd–5th quintiles of steps per day presented significantly lower BFP and higher muscle mass and TBW than their peers in quintile 1. However, different associations were observed between body composition indices and quintiles of PA.

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Comparison of Body Composition Assessment Methods in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Wasting Receiving Growth Hormone

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2006-0431 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 91 (8) ◽

pp. 2952-2959 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

John G. Esposito ◽

Scott G. Thomas ◽

Lori Kingdon ◽

Shereen Ezzat

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Daily Injection ◽

Crossover Fashion ◽

Treatment Change ◽

Body Composition Assessment ◽

Before And After ◽

Rhgh Treatment

Abstract Context: Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) and skinfold anthropometry (SKF) have been used to monitor body composition among patients with HIV wasting; however, validation of these techniques during recombinant human GH (rhGH) treatment has not been performed. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the degree of agreement between criterion measurements of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and those of BIS and SKF in patients with HIV wasting treated with rhGH. Design and Setting: We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover trial at the University of Toronto and Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto, Canada). Patients: A referred sample of 27 community-dwelling men with HIV-associated weight loss (≥10% over preceding 12 months) despite optimal antiretroviral therapy participated in the study. Intervention: Intervention was one daily injection of rhGH (6 mg) or placebo self-administered for 3 months in a crossover fashion with a 3-month washout. Main Outcome Measures: Fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were measured by BIS, SKF, and DXA before and after rhGH and placebo treatment. Results: FFMBIS was not significantly different from FFMDXA after rhGH treatment (P = 0.10). Mean differences (bias ± sd) according to Bland-Altman analysis were smaller for SKF than for BIS (P < 0.05) at all time points, yet treatment-induced change in FM was better detected with BIS than with SKF. BIS estimates of FFM and FM showed better agreement with those of DXA after rhGH treatment (1.6 ± 4.6 kg and −2.1 ± 3.9 kg) compared with baseline (3.8 ± 3.5 kg and −4.1 ± 3.6 kg) and placebo (2.7 ± 4.4 kg and −3.1 ± 4.6) (P < 0.05). BIS overestimated and SKF underestimated the treatment-induced changes in FFM and FM. Conclusions: SKF was more accurate than BIS when measuring body composition in patients with HIV wasting before and after rhGH treatment; nonetheless, the accuracy of BIS increased after treatment. Change in FM because of treatment was not accurately assessed with SKF.

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An Increase in Fat Mass Index Predicts a Deterioration of Running Speed

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11030701 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 701 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laurence Genton ◽

Julie Mareschal ◽

Véronique L. Karsegard ◽

Najate Achamrah ◽

Marta Delsoglio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Running Speed ◽

Fat Mass Index ◽

Running Performance

A low fat mass is associated with a good running performance. This study explores whether modifications in body composition predicted changes in running speed. We included people who underwent several measurements of body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis between 1999 and 2016, at the “Course de l’Escalade”, taking place yearly in Geneva. Body composition was reported as a fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI). Running distances (men: 7.2 km; women: 4.8 km) and running times were used to calculate speed in km/h. We performed multivariate linear mixed regression models to determine whether modifications of body mass index, FFMI, FMI or the combination of FFMI and FMI predicted changes in running speed. The study population included 377 women (1419 observations) and 509 men (2161 observations). Changes in running speed were best predicted by the combination of FFMI and FMI. Running speed improved with a reduction of FMI in both sexes (women: ß −0.31; 95% CI −0.35 to −0.27, p < 0.001. men: ß −0.43; 95% CI −0.48 to −0.39, p < 0.001) and a reduction of FFMI in men (ß −0.20; 95% CI −0.26 to −0.15, p < 0.001). Adjusted for body composition, the decline in running performance occurred from 50 years onward, but appeared earlier with a body mass, FFMI or FMI above the median value at baseline. Changes of running speed are determined mostly by changes in FMI. The decline in running performance occurs from 50 years onward but appears earlier in people with a high body mass index, FFMI or FMI at baseline.

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A Pilot Study Examining Body Composition Classification Differences Between Body Mass Index and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Children With High Levels of Physical Activity

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.724053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

David J. Farbo ◽

Deborah J. Rhea

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is frequently labeled as “flawed” in assessing obesity since it cannot differentiate between muscle and fat leading to misclassifications of healthy individuals. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) may be a more accurate indicator of obesity since it can distinguish the difference between muscle and fat in children. This pilot study investigated discrepancies between BMI and BIA body composition classifications in children with high levels of physical activity.Methods: Participants were selected from three elementary schools (N = 380, K = 76, 1st = 64, 2nd = 62, 3rd = 61, 4th = 83, and 5th = 34) receiving 60 min of outdoor, unstructured play daily. BIA scales were used to collect each child's body fat percentage and BMI score, then those numbers were categorized by BIA and BMI normative values as either underweight, healthy, overweight, or obese.Results: Overall, 26% of the students were classified differently when using the normative classifications for BMI and BIA, with the largest discrepancy found in the overweight category at 38%. Similar inconsistencies were found when students were divided as younger (42%) vs older students (36%), and males (40%) vs. females (35%).Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrated that there is a significant difference in how BMI and BIA discriminate between the different body composition categories. BIA consistently shows to be a more accurate tool in assessing obesity rates in children since it directly measures body fat.

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Comparisons of a Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to the Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Scan in Healthy Young Adults Depending on their Physical Activity Level

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2015-0063 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 73-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Julien Verney ◽

Chloé Schwartz ◽

Saliha Amiche ◽

Bruno Pereira ◽

David Thivel

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Activity Level ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

X Ray

AbstractThis study aimed at comparing BIA and DXA results in assessing body composition in young adults depending on their physical activity level. Eighty healthy 19-30 years old subjects were enrolled and their body composition (Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and by a newly developed Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer (BIA - Tanita MC780). A seven-day physical activity level was assessed using a 3-axial accelerometer. DXA-FM% and BIA-FM% were correlated (p<0.001; r= 0.852; ICC [IC95%]: 0.84 [0.75 – 0.90]; concordance coefficient: 0.844). DXA-FFM and BIA FFM were correlated (p<0.001; r=0.976; ICC [IC95%]: 0.95 [0.93 – 0.97], concordance coefficient: 0.955). DXA and BIA measurements of FM% and FFM were highly correlated in both boys and girls regardless of the physical activity level. Compared with DXA scans, newly developed bioelectrical impedance analyzers provide satisfactory fat mass and lean mass measures in healthy young women and men, despite their physical activity level.

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Physical Activity and Body Composition in Children and Their Mothers According to Mother’s Gestational Diabetes Risk: A Seven-Year Follow-Up Study

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55100635 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (10) ◽

pp. 635 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marja H Leppänen ◽

Jani Raitanen ◽

Pauliina Husu ◽

Urho M Kujala ◽

Pipsa PA Tuominen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Body Mass ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

The Difference

Background and Objectives: There is lack of knowledge on whether mothers’ gestational diabetes (GDM) risk is related to their physical activity (PA) or their children’s PA and body composition. We aimed to examine the difference in (1) change in self-reported PA from pre-pregnancy to seven-year follow-up and (2) accelerometer-based PA at seven years after delivery between the mothers having GDM risk (GDMRyes-mothers) and not having GDM risk (GDMRno-mothers). Furthermore, we examined the difference in children’s PA and/or body composition at six years of age according to their mothers’ GDM risk. Materials and Methods: The study included 199 Finnish women. GDM risk factors were screened at the beginning of pregnancy, and the women were classified as GDMRyes-mothers if they had at least one GDM risk factor (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2; age ≥40 years; family history of diabetes; GDM, signs of glucose intolerance, or newborn’s macrosomia (≥4500 g) in earlier pregnancy) or as GDMRno-mothers if they had no risk factors. Mothers’ PA was assessed by self-reporting at 8–12 gestational weeks concerning pre-pregnancy PA and at a follow-up seven years after the delivery. Moreover, mothers’ and their children’s PA was measured using a triaxial Hookie AM20-accelerometer at seven years after delivery. Children’s body composition was assessed using a TANITA bioelectrical impedance device. Adjusted linear regression analyses were applied. Results: GDMRno-mothers increased their self-reported PA more than GDMRyes-mothers from pre-pregnancy to the seven-year follow-up. Concerning women’s measured PA as well as children’s PA and body composition at seven years after delivery, the differences were non-significant between GDMRyes-mothers and GDMRno-mothers. However, of the GDM risk factors, mothers’ pre-pregnancy body mass index was positively related to unhealthier body composition in boys at six years of age. Conclusion: Health promotion should be targeted at women with GDM risk factors, in particular overweight women, in enhancing women’s PA in the long term and their children’s healthy body composition.

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Association of depression, anxiety and menopausal-related symptoms with demographic, anthropometric and body composition indices in healthy postmenopausal women

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01338-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nasibeh Barghandan ◽

Neda Dolatkhah ◽

Fariba Eslamian ◽

Nahal Ghafarifar ◽

Maryam Hashemian

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Body Mass ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Moderate Depression ◽

Lower Physical Activity

Abstract Background The termination of the menstrual cycle is correlated with a number of physiological alterations and symptoms that can negatively impact emotion and mood. We aimed to investigate the association of anxiety, depression, and menopausal related symptoms with demographic, anthropometric, and body composition indices in healthy postmenopausal women. Methods A total of 320 menopausal women were selected randomly from referrals of health centers between January and June 2018 in Tabriz/Iran. All participants completed a demographic questionnaire. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was applied to evaluate body fat mass (BFM), soft lean mass (SLM), and lean body mass (LBM) of participants. The modified Kupperman index, Beck's depression inventory-II, and Spielberger’s state-trait anxiety inventory were applied to measure the severity of menopausal-related symptoms, the frequency, and severity of the symptoms of depression and state (SA) and trait anxiety (TA), respectively. Results Finally, 245 postmenopausal women with age of 55.33 ± 4.48 years and body mass index (BMI) of 27.96 ± 3.22 kg/m2 were studied. Women with the age of 55 years and older (OR 3.928, 95% CI 1.504–10.256) and also women with mild physical activity (OR 10.104, 95% CI 3.785–26.976) had a greater possibility of having mild and moderate depression in comparison with women less than 50 years old and women with moderate and severe physical activity. Moderate and severe physical activity was correlated with a lower possibility of having medium upward, relatively severe and severe TA in comparison with participants with mild physical activity in these women (OR 0.372, 95% CI 0.151–0.917). Women with higher BMI and BFM had and more severe menopause-related symptoms (r = 0.143, p = 0.025 and r = 0.139, p = 0.030, respectively) and more severe TA symptoms (r = 0.198, p = 0.018 and r = 0.151, p = 0.021, respectively). Women with lower LBM (r = − 0.139, p = 0.031) and lower SLM (r = − 0.128, p = 0.047) had more severe depressive symptoms. Conclusion Postmenopausal women with higher age and lower physical activity had a greater possibility of having mild and moderate depression. Lower physical activity was also correlated with a greater possibility of having medium upward to severe TA symptoms. Postmenopausal women with higher BMI and BFM had more severe menopause-related and TA symptoms. Women with lower LBM and SLM had more severe depressive symptoms.

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Sedentary behavior, physical inactivity and body composition in relation to idiopathic infertility among men and women

10.1101/511030 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Foucaut Aude-Marie ◽

Faure Céline ◽

Julia Chantal ◽

Czernichow Sébastien ◽

Levy Rachel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Men And Women ◽

High Body ◽

Idiopathic Infertility

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity and sedentary behavior has inconsistent effects on fertility. High body mass index is associated with infertility but to our knowledge, very few studies have explored body composition in association to fertility.ObjectiveTo assess the association between physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, body composition and idiopathic infertility in French men and women.DesignWe conducted a case-control multicentric observational study. 159 infertile (79 men and 80 women) and 143 fertile (72 men and 71 women) were recorded in four fertility centers.Main Outcome MeasuresParticipants completed self-administered questionnaires on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, dietary intake, physical activity and sedentary behavior. Anthropometrics were measured, and bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to estimate body composition. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association of fertility with PA level and sedentary behavior.ResultsIn men, being physically inactive (Odd ratio [OR] 2.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06, 4.58) and having fat mass greater than the reference values for their age (OR 2.83; 95%CI, 1.31, 6.10) were positively associated with infertility. Sedentary behavior and fat-free mass were not related to infertility in men. In women, sedentary behavior (OR 3.61; 95%CI, 1.58, 8.24), high body fat (OR 3.16; 95%CI, 1.36, 7.37) and low fat-free mass (OR 2.65; 95%CI, 1.10, 6.37) were associated with infertility. PA level was not associated with fertility in women.ConclusionsThis study suggests that sedentary behavior and physical inactivity would represent two independent risk factors associated with fertility. The various elements that make up physical activity (frequency, intensity, time, and type of exercise) and the interrupting time spent sitting should be considered. Body composition variation should be explored further in relation to the biological pathways involved in idiopathic infertility. Moreover, the improvement of lifestyle factors should be considered in infertility treatment.

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