scholarly journals Saffron Extract-Induced Improvement of Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice Is Associated with Modulation of Monoaminergic Neurotransmission

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Camille Monchaux De Oliveira ◽  
Line Pourtau ◽  
Sylvie Vancassel ◽  
Camille Pouchieu ◽  
Lucile Capuron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Saffron Extract ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Behavioral Improvement

Depressive disorders represent a major public health concern and display a continuously rising prevalence. Importantly, a large proportion of patients develops aversive side effects and/or does not respond properly to conventional antidepressants. These issues highlight the need to identify further therapeutic strategies, including nutritional approaches using natural plant extracts with known beneficial impacts on health. In that context, growing evidence suggests that saffron could be a particularly promising candidate. This preclinical study aimed therefore to test its antidepressant-like properties in mice and to decipher the underlying mechanisms by focusing on monoaminergic neurotransmission, due to its strong implication in mood disorders. For this purpose, the behavioral and neurobiochemical impact of a saffron extract, Safr’Inside™ (6.5 mg/kg per os) was measured in naïve mice. Saffron extract reduced depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test. This behavioral improvement was associated with neurobiological modifications, particularly changes in serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, suggesting that Safr’Inside™ may share common targets with conventional pharmacological antidepressants. This study provides useful information on the therapeutic relevance of nutritional interventions with saffron extracts to improve management of mood disorders.

scholarly journals Prevention of Stress-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior by Saffron Extract is Associated with Modulation of Kynurenine Pathway and Monoamine Neurotransmission

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2155
Author(s):  
Camille Monchaux De Oliveira ◽  
Véronique De Smedt-Peyrusse ◽  
Jennifer Morael ◽  
Sylvie Vancassel ◽  
Lucile Capuron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Saffron Extract ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Depressive disorders are a major public health concern. Despite currently available treatment options, their prevalence steadily increases, and a high rate of therapeutic failure is often reported, together with important antidepressant-related side effects. This highlights the need to improve existing therapeutic strategies, including by using nutritional interventions. In that context, saffron recently received particular attention for its beneficial effects on mood, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study investigated in mice the impact of a saffron extract (Safr’Inside™; 6.25 mg/kg, per os) on acute restraint stress (ARS)-induced depressive-like behavior and related neurobiological alterations, by focusing on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, inflammation-related metabolic pathways, and monoaminergic systems, all known to be altered by stress and involved in depressive disorder pathophysiology. When given before stress onset, Safr’Inside administration attenuated ARS-induced depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test. Importantly, it concomitantly reversed several stress-induced monoamine dysregulations and modulated the expression of key enzymes of the kynurenine pathway, likely reducing kynurenine-related neurotoxicity. These results show that saffron pretreatment prevents the development of stress-induced depressive symptoms and improves our understanding about the underlying mechanisms, which is a central issue to validate the therapeutic relevance of nutritional interventions with saffron in depressed patients.

scholarly journals Astroglial Connexin43 as a Potential Target for a Mood Stabiliser

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Motohiro Okada ◽  
Tomoka Oka ◽  
Misaki Nakamoto ◽  
Kouji Fukuyama ◽  
Takashi Shiroyama
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junction ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Monoamine Transporter ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Novel Strategy

Mood disorders remain a major public health concern worldwide. Monoaminergic hypotheses of pathophysiology of bipolar and major depressive disorders have led to the development of monoamine transporter-inhibiting antidepressants for the treatment of major depression and have contributed to the expanded indications of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of bipolar disorders. In spite of psychopharmacological progress, current pharmacotherapy according to the monoaminergic hypothesis alone is insufficient to improve or prevent mood disorders. Recent approval of esketamine for treatment of treatment-resistant depression has attracted attention in psychopharmacology as a glutamatergic hypothesis of the pathophysiology of mood disorders. On the other hand, in the last decade, accumulated findings regarding the pathomechanisms of mood disorders emphasised that functional abnormalities of tripartite synaptic transmission play important roles in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. At first glance, the enhancement of astroglial connexin seems to contribute to antidepressant and mood-stabilising effects, but in reality, antidepressive and mood-stabilising actions are mediated by more complicated interactions associated with the astroglial gap junction and hemichannel. Indeed, several depressive mood-inducing stress stimulations suppress connexin43 expression and astroglial gap junction function, but enhance astroglial hemichannel activity. On the other hand, monoamine transporter-inhibiting antidepressants suppress astroglial hemichannel activity and enhance astroglial gap junction function, whereas several non-antidepressant mood stabilisers activate astroglial hemichannel activity. Based on preclinical findings, in this review, we summarise the effects of antidepressants, mood-stabilising antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants on astroglial connexin, and then, to establish a novel strategy for treatment of mood disorders, we reveal the current progress in psychopharmacology, changing the question from “what has been revealed?” to “what should be clarified?”.

Diet and Neurocognition in Mood Disorders - An Overview of the Overlooked

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 2353-2362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicent Balanzá-Martínez ◽  
Flavio M. Shansis ◽  
Amparo Tatay-Manteiga ◽  
Pilar López-García
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
Cognitive Benefits

Bipolar disorder and major depression are associated with significant disability, morbidity, and reduced life expectancy. People with mood disorders have shown higher ratios of unhealthy lifestyle choices, including poor diet quality and suboptimal nutrition. Diet and nutrition impact on brain /mental health, but cognitive outcomes have been less researched in psychiatric disorders. Neurocognitive dysfunction is a major driver of social dysfunction and a therapeutic target in mood disorders, although effective cognitive-enhancers are currently lacking. This narrative review aimed to assess the potential cognitive benefits of dietary and nutritional interventions in subjects diagnosed with mood disorders. Eight clinical trials with nutrients were identified, whereas none involved dietary interventions. Efficacy to improve select cognitive deficits has been reported, but results are either preliminary or inconsistent. Methodological recommendations for future cognition trials in the field are advanced. Current evidence and future views are discussed from the perspectives of precision medicine, clinical staging, nutritional psychiatry, and the brain-gut-microbiota axis.

Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy for Heterogeneous Anxiety and Mood Disorders in a Psychiatric Hospital Outpatient Clinic

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynndall Dwyer ◽  
Sara Olsen ◽  
Tian Po S. Oei
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy ◽  
Group Cbt

Recent literature has shown that group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for individuals with heterogeneous anxiety disorders. However, these studies have used a narrow range of outcome measures, and have not included global measures such as quality of life. In addition, heterogeneous mood disorders have not been well researched. The aim of this study was to replicate and extend on previous studies by assessing the effectiveness of group CBT treatment programs designed for use with heterogeneous anxiety or depressive disorders. Global outcome measures of quality of life and social functioning were assessed in addition to outcome measures of anxiety and mood symptoms. There were 173 patients who completed either group CBT for anxiety disorders or for depressive disorders. Symptom measures and quality of life measures were used to determine treatment effectiveness. Results demonstrated that the treatments were effective in reducing overall symptom severity and improving quality of life. Treatment gains were maintained to 12 month follow-up. However, the degree of change was considerably lower than that found in comparable trials with diagnostically homogenous samples. Overall, group CBT for heterogeneous diagnostic populations was effective but requires further investigation and refinement.

scholarly journals Relative contribution of non-structural protein 1 in dengue pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Xuan Lee ◽  
Donald Heng Rong Ting ◽  
Clement Peng Hee Boey ◽  
Eunice Tze Xin Tan ◽  
Janice Zuo Hui Chia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Structural Region ◽  
Strain Dependent ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

AbstractDengue is a major public health concern in the tropical and sub-tropical world with no effective treatment. The controversial live attenuated virus vaccine Dengvaxia has boosted the pursuit of sub-unit vaccine approaches, and the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has recently emerged as a promising candidate. However, we found that NS1 immunization or passive transfer of NS1 antibodies failed to confer protection in symptomatic dengue mouse models using two non mouse-adapted DENV2 strains from the Cosmopolitan genotype that currently circulates in South-East Asia. Furthermore, exogenous administration of purified NS1 did not worsen in vivo vascular leakage in sub-lethally infected mice, thereby supporting that NS1 does not play a critical role in the pathogenesis of these DENV2 strains. Virus chimerization approaches indicated that the prME structural region, but not NS1, plays a critical role in driving in vivo fitness and virulence of the virus, through induction of key pro-inflammatory cytokines. This work highlights that the pathogenic role of NS1 is DENV strain-dependent, which warrants re-evaluation of NS1 as a universal dengue vaccine candidate.

scholarly journals SCREENING INVESTIGATION OF DISTRIBUTION OF MOOD DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENCE AND PECULIARITIES OF THEIR CURRENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1795-1801
Author(s):  
Larysa V. Pypa ◽  
Yulia N. Lysytsia ◽  
Ruslan V. Svistilnik ◽  
Maryna M. Murhina
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Personal Anxiety ◽  
High Level

Introduction:. The problem of mood disorders in adolescents has recently become acute due to the high frequency of encounter and social significance. The aim: To investigate the screening of anxiety and depressive disorders and their manifestations in adolescent children to determine risk factors and to develop measures for their prevention. Materials and methods: The study was attended by 189 students aged 16-17 years of the educational institutions of the Khmelnytskyi region. For study it was used: Spielberger questionnaire in adaptation A. Andreeva and questionnaire for child depression M. Kovacs, 1992. Results: A high level of personal anxiety was detected in 44 adolescents (23,3%) and situational in 76 (40,2%) adolescents. In 48 (25,4%) adolescents there were signs of depression, in 11 (5,8%) - severe depression. The level of depression in girls was significantly higher compared to boys (95% CI, 2,6-8,8) (p<0,0004), which was manifested in the form of aggressive behavior (95% CI, 3,3-9,4) (p<0,0001) and anhedonia (95% CI, 1,7-7,0) (p<0,001). Signs of depression more often were appeared in adolescents who had an incomplete family (95% CI, 0,7-8,5) (p<0,02) and manifested in the form of aggressive behavior (95% CI, 0,6 (p<0,02), anhedonia (95% CI, 0,7-7,3) (p<0,01) and negative self-esteem with the presence of suicidal thoughts (95% CI, 0,3-7,5) (p<0,03). Conclusions: Mood disorders are quite common among adolescents and require timely detection and correction in order to improve their social adaptation and prevent suicidal behavior. The main factors of mood disorders in adolescents can be an incomplete family and a female.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF THE PREVALENCE OF AFFECTIVE AND NEUROTIC DISORDERS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE POLTAVA REGION FOR 2014-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1122-1125
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Havlovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
World Population ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
And Behavior

Introduction: Recently, the situation regarding the mental health of the world population has a tendency to deteriorate and is one of the most serious problems, which faced all countries of the world and in particular the European region (ER), since at one or another period of life problems of mental health arise at least in every fourth person of the ER, and Ukraine is no exception. ATO in Ukraine was started in 2014. We investigated the level of hospitalized mental morbidity in the residents of the city of Poltava since 2014. The aim: To study hospitalized mental morbidity of the population of the Poltava region since 2014. Materials and methods: Studied the incidence and prevalence of depressive disorders in Poltava and Poltava regions according to the new WHO classification. ICD-11. According to the report form 10 “Report on the Disease of Persons with Mental Disorders and Behavior”, the following classes of depression were studied: F30-39 Mood Disorders (Affective Disorders, F40-48 - Neurotic and Somatic Disorders, F43.0 - Severe Stress and Compliance). Review: Affective disorders are a set of psychiatric disorders, also called mood disorders. The main types of affective disorders are depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorder. Symptoms vary by individual and can range from mild to severe. Conclusions: The rate of growth of morbidity of affective disorder has decreased, compared with 2014, by -14% and neurotic disorders has increased 3,2%.

Epidemiology of mood disorders

2012 ◽  
pp. 645-650
Author(s):  
Peter R. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The World ◽  
Unipolar Major Depression

The Global Burden of Disease, which is a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases and injuries in 1990 and projected to 2020, highlights the importance of mood disorders for the world. Using the measure of disability-adjusted life years, it was determined that unipolar major depression was the fourth leading cause of disease burden in the world. It was also projected that, in the year 2020, unipolar major depression would be the second leading cause of disease burden in the world. Disabilityadjusted life years is based on both mortality and disability. If one looks at disability alone, then unipolar major depression was the leading cause of disability in the world in 1990, and bipolar disorder was the sixth leading cause. Across the world, 10.7 per cent of disability can be attributed to unipolar major depression and, in developed countries, unipolar major depression contributes to nearly 20 per cent of disease burden in women aged from 15 to 44 years. This chapter addresses bipolar disorders and depressive disorders, covering diagnostic issues, prevalence, comorbidity, use of health services, and risk factors for both types of disorder.

Beyond Cyberbullying: Investigating When and How Cybervictimization Predicts Suicidal Ideation

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cirenia Quintana-Orts ◽  
Lourdes Rey ◽  
Félix Neto
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Cybervictimization is a public health concern in adolescence. Victims of cyberbullying may present with important short- and long-term sequelae. Specifically, past research has demonstrated positive associations between being cybervictimized and risk of suicide among adolescents. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms that may mediate or moderate this relationship remain unclear. The present research examined perceived stress as a mediator and forgiveness as a moderator to explore the relationship between cybervictimization and suicidal ideation. Specifically, vengeance, avoidance, and benevolence motivations, as a means of measuring forgiveness experienced, were analyzed as moderators in the relations between cybervictimization and suicidal ideation. The sample included 1,821 adolescents (954 girls) who ranged in age from 12 to 17 years from nine centers. Adolescents’ self-reported perceived stress levels, cybervictimization, and forgiveness were collected. A mediation and a moderated mediation analyses were used to explore the aim of the present study. Results suggest that, after controlling for sex and age, perceived stress partially mediates the association between cybervictimization and suicidal ideation. Furthermore, the mediation effects of perceived stress were independently moderated by vengeance and avoidance. Thus, revenge and avoidance might intensify the adverse impact of perceived stress on suicidal ideation. These results highlight how and when cybervictimization is related to suicidal ideation. We discuss the results in relation to previous research and consider their practical implications. These findings suggest that adolescents’ perceived stress, together with vengeance and avoidance motivations, may be key targets for prevention and intervention programs dealing with cybervictimization. This highlights the need to implement treatment and prevention programs focused on decreasing such motivations.

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