scholarly journals Dietary Fibre Intervention for Gut Microbiota, Sleep and Mental Health in Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Scoping Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2159
Author(s):  
Ran Yan ◽  
Lesley Andrew ◽  
Evania Marlow ◽  
Kanita Kunaratnam ◽  
Amanda Devine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Type Studies ◽  
Global Population

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting 4–5% of the global population. This disorder is associated with gut microbiota, diet, sleep, and mental health. This scoping review therefore aims to map existing research that has administrated fibre-related dietary intervention to IBS individuals and reported outcomes on at least two of the three following themes: gut microbiota, sleep, and mental health. Five digital databases were searched to identify and select papers as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five articles were included in the assessment, where none reported on all three themes or the combination of gut microbiota and sleep. Two studies identified alterations in gut microbiota and mental health with fibre supplementation. The other three studies reported on mental health and sleep outcomes using subjective questionnaires. IBS-related research lacks system biology-type studies targeting gut microbiota, sleep, and mental health in patients undergoing diet intervention. Further IBS research is required to explore how human gut microbiota functions (such as short-chain fatty acids) in sleep and mental health, following the implementation of dietary pattern alteration or component supplementation. Additionally, the application of objective sleep assessments is required in order to detect sleep change with more accuracy and less bias.

scholarly journals Probiotics in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Up-to-Date Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Fjeldheim Dale ◽  
Stella Hellgren Rasmussen ◽  
Özgün Ömer Asiller ◽  
Gülen Arslan Lied
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a frequent functional gastrointestinal disorder, and alterations in the gut microbiota composition contributes to symptom generation. The exact mechanisms of probiotics in the human body are not fully understood, but probiotic supplements are thought to improve IBS symptoms through manipulation of the gut microbiota. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the latest randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of probiotic supplementation on symptoms in IBS patients. A literature search was conducted in Medline (PubMed) until March 2019. RCTs published within the last five years evaluating effects of probiotic supplements on IBS symptoms were eligible. The search identified in total 35 studies, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Seven studies (63.6%) reported that supplementation with probiotics in IBS patients significantly improved symptoms compared to placebo, whereas the remaining four studies (36.4%) did not report any significant improvement in symptoms after probiotic supplementation. Of note, three studies evaluated the effect of a mono-strain supplement, whereas the remaining eight trials used a multi-strain probiotic. Overall, the beneficial effects were more distinct in the trials using multi-strain supplements with an intervention of 8 weeks or more, suggesting that multi-strain probiotics supplemented over a period of time have the potential to improve IBS symptoms.

Gut-brain Axis: Role of Lipids in the Regulation of Inflammation, Pain and CNS Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (32) ◽  
pp. 3930-3952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Russo ◽  
Claudia Cristiano ◽  
Carmen Avagliano ◽  
Carmen De Caro ◽  
Giovanna La Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The human gut is a composite anaerobic environment with a large, diverse and dynamic enteric microbiota, represented by more than 100 trillion microorganisms, including at least 1000 distinct species. The discovery that a different microbial composition can influence behavior and cognition, and in turn the nervous system can indirectly influence enteric microbiota composition, has significantly contributed to establish the well-accepted concept of gut-brain axis. This hypothesis is supported by several evidence showing mutual mechanisms, which involve the vague nerve, the immune system, the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis modulation and the bacteria-derived metabolites. Many studies have focused on delineating a role for this axis in health and disease, ranging from stress-related disorders such as depression, anxiety and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism, and to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease etc. Based on this background, and considering the relevance of alteration of the symbiotic state between host and microbiota, this review focuses on the role and the involvement of bioactive lipids, such as the N-acylethanolamine (NAE) family whose main members are N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoilethanolamide (OEA), and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, belonging to a large group of bioactive lipids able to modulate peripheral and central pathologic processes. Their effective role has been studied in inflammation, acute and chronic pain, obesity and central nervous system diseases. A possible correlation has been shown between these lipids and gut microbiota through different mechanisms. Indeed, systemic administration of specific bacteria can reduce abdominal pain through the involvement of cannabinoid receptor 1 in the rat; on the other hand, PEA reduces inflammation markers in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and butyrate, producted by gut microbiota, is effective in reducing inflammation and pain in irritable bowel syndrome and IBD animal models. In this review, we underline the relationship among inflammation, pain, microbiota and the different lipids, focusing on a possible involvement of NAEs and SCFAs in the gut-brain axis and their role in the central nervous system diseases.

scholarly journals Mechanism of action and therapeutic benefit of rifaximin in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628481989753 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Chey ◽  
Eric D. Shah ◽  
Herbert L. DuPont
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder with a multifactorial pathophysiology. The gut microbiota differs between patients with IBS and healthy individuals. After a bout of acute gastroenteritis, postinfection IBS may result in up to approximately 10% of those affected. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is more common in patients with IBS than in healthy individuals, and eradication of SIBO with systemic antibiotics has decreased symptoms of IBS in some patients with IBS and SIBO. The nonsystemic (i.e. low oral bioavailability) antibiotic rifaximin is indicated in the United States and Canada for the treatment of adults with IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D). The efficacy and safety of 2-week single and repeat courses of rifaximin have been demonstrated in randomized, placebo-controlled studies of adults with IBS. Rifaximin is widely thought to exert its beneficial clinical effects in IBS-D through manipulation of the gut microbiota. However, current studies indicate that rifaximin induces only modest effects on the gut microbiota of patients with IBS-D, suggesting that the efficacy of rifaximin may involve other mechanisms. Indeed, preclinical data reveal a potential role for rifaximin in the modulation of inflammatory cytokines and intestinal permeability, but these two findings have not yet been examined in the context of clinical studies. The mechanism of action of rifaximin in IBS is likely multifactorial, and further study is needed.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Xiao ◽  
Qin Liu ◽  
Mei Luo ◽  
Lishou Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Functional Bowel Disorder ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Bowel Disorder

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional bowel disorder worldwide and is associated with visceral hypersensitivity, gut motility, immunomodulation, gut microbiota alterations, and dysfunction of the brain-gut axis; however, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Gut microbiota and its metabolites are proposed as possible etiological factors of IBS. The aim of our study was to investigate specific types of microbiota-derived metabolites, especially bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, amino acids, serotonin and hypoxanthine, which are all implicated in the pathogenesis of IBS. Metabolites-focused research has identified multiple microbial targets relevant to IBS patients, important roles of microbiota-derived metabolites in the development of IBS symptoms have been established. Thus, we provide an overview of gut microbiota and their metabolites on the different subtypes of IBS (constipation-predominant IBS-C, diarrhea-predominant IBS-D) and present controversial views regarding the role of microbiota in IBS.

Gut Microbiome and Its Role in the Pathophysiology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giada De Palma ◽  
Premysl Bercik
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
And Function

Irritable bowel syndrome is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder, affecting up to 9% individuals globally. Although the etiology of this syndrome is likely heterogenous, it presents with its hallmark symptoms of abdominal pain and altered intestinal motility. Moreover, it is considered to be a disorder of the gut-brain interaction, and the microbiome has often been implicated as a central player in its pathophysiology. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome display altered composition and function of the gut microbiota compared to healthy controls. Microbiome directed therapies, such as probiotics, antibiotics and fecal microbiome transplantation, appear to be beneficial for both gut symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities. This review aims to recapitulate the available literature on the microbiome contribution to the pathophysiology and symptoms presentation of irritable bowel syndrome, as well as the current literature on microbiome-targeted treatments for this disease.

scholarly journals Changes in serum and urinary metabolomic profile after a dietary intervention in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257331
Author(s):  
Sanna Nybacka ◽  
Magnus Simrén ◽  
Stine Störsrud ◽  
Hans Törnblom ◽  
Anna Winkvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Dietary Modifications

Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multi-faceted gastrointestinal disorder where food intake often triggers symptoms. Metabolomics may provide mechanistical insights to why responses to dietary modifications are diverse. Objective This study aimed to identify metabolite patterns related to dietary intake in patients with IBS, and to identify metabolites driving the separation between responders and non-responders to treatment. Methods Participants were randomized to a low fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharide and polyol (FODMAP) diet (LFD) or traditional IBS diet (TID) for four weeks. Fasting serum and urine samples pre- and post-intervention were analyzed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics. Response to treatment was defined as a reduction in IBS severity scoring system (IBS-SSS) ≥50. Results Twenty-five individuals in the LFD (13 responders) and 28 in the TID (14 responders) were included in these post hoc analyses. In endpoint samples, significant decreases in polyols and glucose were seen in the LFD. Post-intervention samples revealed that LFD responders had significantly increased levels of 2-hydroxybuturate and decreased levels of glucose and pantothenic acid compared to non-responders. For the TID, only weak multivariate models were identified and a larger diversity in metabolite response compared to the LFD were noted. Conclusions In this study, metabolite patterns between individuals who responded well to an LFD compared to non-responders could be distinguished. This provides new hypotheses for mechanistic actions related to response to dietary modifications, but the results need to be validated in larger cohorts. Clinical trial registration This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov, registry number NCT02107625.

scholarly journals Can Gut Microbiota Composition Predict Response to Dietary Treatments?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R Biesiekierski ◽  
Jonna Jalanka ◽  
Heidi M Staudacher
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Personalised Nutrition ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Dietary intervention is a challenge in clinical practice because of inter-individual variability in clinical response. Gut microbiota is mechanistically relevant for a number of disease states and consequently has been incorporated as a key variable in personalised nutrition models within the research context. This paper aims to review the evidence related to the predictive capacity of baseline microbiota for clinical response to dietary intervention in two specific health conditions, namely, obesity and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Clinical trials and larger predictive modelling studies were identified and critically evaluated. The findings reveal inconsistent evidence to support baseline microbiota as an accurate predictor of weight loss or glycaemic response in obesity, or as a predictor of symptom improvement in irritable bowel syndrome, in dietary intervention trials. Despite advancement in quantification methodologies, research in this area remains challenging and larger scale studies are needed until personalised nutrition is realistically achievable and can be translated to clinical practice.

Dietary Modification for the Restoration of Gut Microbiome and Management of Symptoms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 155982762110129
Author(s):  
Andrew Thomas ◽  
Annie Thomas ◽  
Madeline Butler-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder leading to chronic debilitating issues. A healthy diet plays an integral role in maintaining the gut microbiota equilibrium, thus promoting digestive health. The structure and function of gut microbiota are affected by genetics and environmental factors, such as altered dietary habits, gastroenteritis, stress, increased use of alcohol and drugs, and medication use. Whereas there are various management approaches cited in the literature to manage symptoms of IBS, the purpose of this article is to focus on dietary options that will restore the gut microbiome and help in managing IBS symptoms. Some of the diets that are discussed in this article include a low-FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) diet, gluten-free/wheat-free diet, high-fiber diet, dietary and herbal supplements (psyllium, peppermint oil), and probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics. The clinical practice guidelines recommended by the American College of Gastroenterology outlines evidence-based dietary recommendations for patients with IBS to manage symptoms. Recent advancements in the dietary management of IBS highlighting the use of a patient-centered, personalized nutrition approach along with lifestyle changes, pharmacological therapies, and psychosocial and behavioral interventions are also reviewed and discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of Low FODMAP and Gluten-Free Diets on Gut Microbiota Alternations and Symptom Severity in Iranian Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome; A Clinical Trial Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaveh Naseri ◽  
Hossein Dabiri ◽  
Mohammad Rostami Nejad ◽  
Abbas Yadegar ◽  
Hamidreza Houri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Fodmap Diet ◽  
Iranian Patients

Abstract Background & objective: Recently, dietary restriction of fermentable carbohydrates (a low-FODMAP diet) in combination with a gluten-free diet (GFD) has been proposed to reduce the symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Different studies reported that IBS has been associated with dysbiosis in the gut microbiota. Additionally, a few studies have reported inflammation in gastrointestinal (GI) system of adults with IBS. In this study we aim to investigate the effects of GFD and low-FODMAP diet on clinical symptoms, intestinal microbiota diversity, and fecal calprotectin (FC) level in Iranian patients with IBS.Design: In this clinical trial study, 42 patients with IBS (Rome IV criteria) underwent GFD + low-FODMAP dietary intervention for 6 weeks. Symptoms were assessed using the IBS symptom severity scoring (IBS-SSS), and fecal samples were collected at baseline and after intervention and analyzed by quantitative 16S rRNA PCR assay. The diversity of gut microbiota compared before and after 6 weeks of dietary intervention. FC was also analyzed by ELISA method.Results: Thirty patients (mean age 37.8 ± 10.7 years) completed the 6-week diet. The IBS-SSS was significantly (P = 0.038) reduced after GFD + low-FODMAP dietary intervention compared to the baseline. Significant microbial differences before and after intervention were noticed in fecal samples. A significant increase was found in Bacteroidetes, and the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was significantly ( P = 0.001) decreased after the dietary intervention. The value of FC was significantly decreased after 6 weeks dietary intervention (P = 0.001).Conclusions: Our study suggests that patients with IBS under a GFD + low-FODMAP diet had a significant improvement in IBS symptoms severity, with reduced FC level following normalization of their gut microbiota composition. Further rigorous trials are needed to establish long-term efficacy and safety of this dietary intervention for personalized nutrition in IBS.

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