scholarly journals The Associations between Diet and Socioeconomic Disparities and the Intestinal Microbiome in Preadolescence

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2645
Author(s):  
Yelena Lapidot ◽  
Leah Reshef ◽  
Rebecca Goldsmith ◽  
Wasef Na’amnih ◽  
Eias Kassem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbiome Composition

The intestinal microbiome continues to shift and develop throughout youth and could play a pivotal role in health and wellbeing throughout adulthood. Environmental and interpersonal determinants are strong mediators of the intestinal microbiome during the rapid growth period of preadolescence. We aim to delineate associations between the gut microbiome composition, body mass index (BMI), dietary intake and socioeconomic status (SES) in a cohort of ethnically homogenous preadolescents. This cohort included 139 Arab children aged 10–12 years, from varying socioeconomic strata. Dietary intake was assessed using the 24-h recall method. The intestinal microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Microbial composition was associated with SES, showing an overrepresentation of Prevotella and Eubacterium in children with lower SES. Higher BMI was associated with lower microbial diversity and altered taxonomic composition, including higher levels of Collinsella, especially among participants from lower SES. Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids was the strongest predictor of bacterial alterations, including an independent association with Lachnobacterium and Lactobacillus. This study demonstrates that the intestinal microbiome in preadolescents is associated with socioeconomic determinants, BMI and dietary intake, specifically with higher consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, tailored interventions during these crucial years have the potential to improve health disparities throughout the lifespan.

scholarly journals Metagenomic, Metabolomic, and Functional Evaluation of Kimchi Broth Treated with Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Yeong-Ji Oh ◽  
Ye-Rin Park ◽  
Jungil Hong ◽  
Do-Yup Lee
Keyword(s):  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Blue Led ◽  
Red Led

The light-emitting diode (LED) has been widely used in the food industry, and its application has been focused on microbial sterilization, specifically using blue-LED. The investigation has been recently extended to characterize the biotic and abiotic (photodynamic) effects of different wavelengths. Here, we investigated LED effects on kimchi fermentation. Kimchi broths were treated with three different colored-LEDs (red, green, and blue) or kept in the dark as a control. Multiomics was applied to evaluate the microbial taxonomic composition using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and the metabolomic profiles were determined using liquid chromatography–Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Cell viability was tested to determine the potential cytotoxicity of the LED-treated kimchi broths. First, the amplicon sequencing data showed substantial changes in taxonomic composition at the family and genus levels according to incubation (initial condition vs. all other groups). The differences among the treated groups (red-LED (RLED), green-LED (GLED), blue-LED (BLED), and dark condition) were marginal. The relative abundance of Weissella was decreased in all treated groups compared to that of the initial condition, which coincided with the decreased composition of Lactobacillus. Compositional changes were relatively high in the GLED group. Subsequent metabolomic analysis indicated a unique metabolic phenotype instigated by different LED treatments, which led to the identification of the LED treatment-specific and common compounds (e.g., luteolin, 6-methylquinoline, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, and 9-HODE). These results indicate that different LED wavelengths induce characteristic alterations in the microbial composition and metabolomic content, which may have applications in food processing and storage with the aim of improving nutritional quality and the safety of food.

scholarly journals Rapidly processed stool swabs approximate stool microbiota profiles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Bokulich ◽  
Juan Maldonado ◽  
Dae-Wook Kang ◽  
Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown ◽  
J. Gregory Caporaso
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Standard Collection ◽  
Stool Microbiota

AbstractStudies of the intestinal microbiome commonly utilize stool samples to measure microbial composition in the distal gut. However, collection of stool can be difficult from some subjects under certain experimental conditions. In this study we validate the use of swabs of fecal matter to approximate measurements of microbiota in stool using 16S rRNA gene Illumina amplicon sequencing, and evaluate the effects of shipping time at ambient temperatures on accuracy. Results indicate that swab samples reliably replicate stool microbiota bacterial composition, alpha diversity, and beta diversity when swabs are processed quickly (< 2 days), but sample quality quickly degrades after this period, accompanied by increased abundances of Enterobacteriaceae. Fresh swabs appear to be a viable alternative to stool sampling when standard collection methods are challenging, but extended exposure to ambient temperatures prior to processing threatens sample integrity.

scholarly journals Conventional myelosuppressive chemotherapy for non-haematological malignancy disrupts the intestinal microbiome

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lito E. Papanicolas ◽  
Sarah K. Sims ◽  
Steven L. Taylor ◽  
Sophie J. Miller ◽  
Christos S. Karapetis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Haematological Malignancy ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Myelosuppressive Chemotherapy ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Faecal Samples

Abstract Background The gut microbiota influences many aspects of host physiology, including immune regulation, and is predictive of outcomes in cancer patients. However, whether conventional myelosuppressive chemotherapy affects the gut microbiota in humans with non-haematological malignancy, independent of antibiotic exposure, is unknown. Methods Faecal samples from 19 participants with non-haematological malignancy, who were receiving conventional chemotherapy regimens but not antibiotics, were examined prior to chemotherapy, 7–12 days after chemotherapy, and at the end of the first cycle of treatment. Gut microbiota diversity and composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results Compared to pre-chemotherapy samples, samples collected 7–12 days following chemotherapy exhibited increased richness (mean 120 observed species ± SD 38 vs 134 ± 40; p = 0.007) and diversity (Shannon diversity: mean 6.4 ± 0.43 vs 6.6 ± 0.41; p = 0.02). Composition was significantly altered, with a significant decrease in the relative abundance of gram-positive bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes (pre-chemotherapy median relative abundance [IQR] 0.78 [0.11] vs 0.75 [0.11]; p = 0.003), and an increase in the relative abundance of gram-negative bacteria (Bacteroidetes: median [IQR] 0.16 [0.13] vs 0.21 [0.13]; p = 0.01 and Proteobacteria: 0.015 [0.018] vs 0.03 [0.03]; p = 0.02). Differences in microbiota characteristics from baseline were no longer significant at the end of the chemotherapy cycle. Conclusions Conventional chemotherapy results in significant changes in gut microbiota characteristics during the period of predicted myelosuppression post-chemotherapy. Further study is indicated to link microbiome changes during chemotherapy to clinical outcomes.

The Associations of Dietary Intake of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids With Diabetic Retinopathy in Well-Controlled Diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 7473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Sasaki ◽  
Ryo Kawasaki ◽  
Sophie Rogers ◽  
Ryan Eyn Kidd Man ◽  
Katsumasa Itakura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake

Modulation of instinal microbiom in the formation and progression of ulterative colitis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-584
Author(s):  
G. R. Bikbavova ◽  
M. A. Livzan
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Post Industrial

In recent decades, an increase in the incidence of ulcerative colitis has been observed throughout the world. The purpose of this review is to generalize the available information on the influence of environmental factors and intestinal microbiome on the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis, the role of bacteria metabolism products in the pathogenesis of the disease. Studied literature, we came to the conclusion that lifestyle in the era of post-industrial society has a significant impact on the microbial composition of the intestine and leads to changes in its diversity in patients suffering from ulcerative colitis. The changes include a decrease in the number of residential flora with anti-inflammatory activity, which synthesize short-chain fatty acids, and an increase in the number of potentially pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms. Within the phylums Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, the proportional ratio changes. The combination of aggression factors (deterioration of the intestinal microbiome composition, the presence of aggressive intestinal metabolites) leads to intestinal mucosa permeability disfunction, impairing its barrier function. Food and bacterial agents can penetrate deeper layers of the intestinal wall through mucosal defects, which then stimulate the development of inflammatory and immune responses.

scholarly journals Changes in the Intestinal Microbiome during a Multispecies Probiotic Intervention in Compensated Cirrhosis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Horvath ◽  
Marija Durdevic ◽  
Bettina Leber ◽  
Katharina di Vora ◽  
Florian Rainer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Compensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Probiotic Treatment

Probiotics have been used in trials to therapeutically modulate the gut microbiome and have shown beneficial effects in cirrhosis. However, their effect on the microbiome of cirrhosis patients is not fully understood yet. Here, we tested the effects of a multispecies probiotic on microbiome composition in compensated cirrhosis. The gut microbiome composition of 58 patients with compensated cirrhosis from a randomized controlled trial who received a daily dose of multispecies probiotics or placebo for six months was analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbiome composition of patients who received probiotics was enriched with probiotic strains and the abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Syntrophococcus sucromutans, Bacteroides vulgatus, Alistipes shahii and a Prevotella species was increased in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group. Patients who had microbiome changes in response to probiotic treatment also showed a significant increase in neopterin and a significant decrease in faecal zonulin levels after intervention, which was not observed in placebo-treated patients or patients with unchanged microbiome compositions. In conclusion, multispecies probiotics may enrich the microbiome of compensated cirrhotic patients with probiotic bacteria during a six-month intervention and beneficially change the residential microbiome and gut barrier function.

scholarly journals Positive Associations of Dietary Marine Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Lung Function: A Meta-analysis (P18-087-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Patchen ◽  
Jiayi Xu ◽  
R Graham Barr ◽  
Ester van Eekelen ◽  
Josee Dupuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fish Intake ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Former Smokers

Abstract Objectives Our previous study found positive associations between plasma levels of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), specifically docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and lung function, especially in current smokers. Given that plasma n-3 PUFA concentrations are driven by dietary intake, we extended our prior findings to a larger sample by studying dietary n-3 PUFAs, including DHA, DPA, eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and fish intake. Methods Nine cohorts from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium (N = 37,077 black and white participants) contributed dietary intake and lung function data. In each cohort and each ancestry, separately, associations of dietary n-3 PUFA/fish intake with lung function were estimated in linear regression models. Models were extended to test for n-3 PUFA/fish × smoking status interaction. Fixed-effects meta-analysis was used to generate summarized effect estimates across the cohorts and ancestries. Results Dietary DPA, DHA, EPA, and fish intake were positively associated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). ALA had little to no association with these lung function parameters. Associations were similar for black and white participants, and consistent in direction and magnitude across most cohorts. For all participants, 1 standard deviation (SD) higher intake of DPA (∼30 mg/d), DHA (∼200 mg/d), and EPA (∼150 mg/d) were associated with 12–16 mL higher FEV1 and 10–15 mL higher FVC. The effect estimates for fish were in the same direction but smaller in magnitude. Smoking modified the associations of DHA and EPA with FEV1 and FVC; 1 SD higher intake of DHA and EPA were associated with 28–32 mL higher FEV1 and 24–25 mL higher FVC in current smokers, 17–21 mL higher FEV1 and 7–12 mL higher FVC in former smokers, and little to no association in never smokers. Conclusions Dietary DHA, DPA, and EPA, but not ALA, are positively associated with FEV1 and FVC, corroborating our previous findings for plasma n-3 PUFAs. This large cross-sectional meta-analysis shows that diets rich in marine n-3 PUFAs are associated with higher lung function, especially for current and former smokers. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health, NHLBI and NIDDK.

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