scholarly journals Impact of Genetic Polymorphism on Response to Therapy in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4077
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro ◽  
Isabel Cornejo-Pareja ◽  
Ana María Gómez-Pérez ◽  
Francisco J. Tinahones
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

In the last decades, the global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has reached pandemic proportions with derived major health and socioeconomic consequences; this tendency is expected to be further aggravated in the coming years. Obesity, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes mellitus, sedentary lifestyle, increased caloric intake and genetic predisposition constitute the main risk factors associated with the development and progression of the disease. Importantly, the interaction between the inherited genetic background and some unhealthy dietary patterns has been postulated to have an essential role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Weight loss through lifestyle modifications is considered the cornerstone of the treatment for NAFLD and the inter-individual variability in the response to some dietary approaches may be conditioned by the presence of different single nucleotide polymorphisms. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the influence of the association between genetic susceptibility and dietary habits in NAFLD pathophysiology, as well as the role of gene polymorphism in the response to lifestyle interventions and the potential interaction between nutritional genomics and other emerging therapies for NAFLD, such as bariatric surgery and several pharmacologic agents.

Resveratrol Supplementation in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elgebaly ◽  
Ibrahim A. I. Radwan ◽  
Mohamed M. AboElnas ◽  
Hamza H. Ibrahim ◽  
Moutaz F. M. Eltoomy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Resveratrol is a potential treatment option for management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, and calorie restriction-like effects. We aimed to synthesise evidence from published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) about the efficacy of resveratrol in the management of NAFLD.Methods: A computer literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central was conducted using relevant keywords. Records were screened for eligible studies and data were extracted and synthesized using Review Manager Version 5.3 for windows. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted.Results: Four RCTs (n=158 patients) were included in the final analysis. The overall effect estimates did not favor resveratrol group in terms of: serum ALT (MD -2.89, 95%CI [-15.66, 9.88], p=0.66), serum AST (MD -3.59, 95%CI [-13.82, 6.63], p=0.49), weight (MD -0.18, 95%CI [-0.92, 0.55], p=0.63), BMI (MD -0.10, 95 %CI [-0.43, 0.24], p=0.57), blood glucose level (MD -0.27, 95%CI [-0.55, 0.01], p=0.05), insulin level (MD -0.12, 95%CI [-0.69, 0.46], p=0.69), triglyceride level (MD 0.04, 95%CI [-0.45, 0.53], p=0.87), and LDL level (MD 0.21, 95%CI [-0.41, 0.83], p=0.51). Pooled studies were heterogeneous.Conclusion: Current evidence is insufficient to support the efficacy of resveratrol in the management of NAFLD. Resveratrol does not attenuate the degree of liver fibrosis or show a significant decrease in any of its parameters.Abbreviations: ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; CK-18: Cytokeratin-18; CRP: C-reactive protein; HC: Head circumference; HDL: High density lipoprotein; IL-6: Interleukin-6; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; MD: Mean difference; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; RCT: Randomized Controlled Trial; RR: Relative risk; SIRT1: Silent information regulation 2 homologue 1; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α; WC: Waist circumference; WHR: Waist hip ratio.

New therapy for fatty liver

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Tanita Suttichaimongkol
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Insulin Resistance ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Related Mortality

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of death from liver cirrhosis, endstage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is also associated with increased cardiovasculardisease and cancer related mortality. While lifestyle modifications are the mainstay of treatment,only a proportion of patients are able to make due to difficult to achieve and maintain, and so moretreatment options are required such as pharmacotherapy. This review presents the drugs used inmanaging NAFLD and their pharmacologic targets. Therapies are currently directed towards improvingthe metabolic status of the liver, insulin resistance, cell oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation orfibrosis. Several agents are now in large clinical trials and within the next few years, the availability oftherapeutic options for NAFLD will be approved.     Keywords: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis  

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Metabolic Syndrome. A Narrative Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Luca Rinaldi ◽  
Pia Clara Pafundi ◽  
Raffaele Galiero ◽  
Alfredo Caturano ◽  
Maria Vittoria Morone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS) are two different entities sharing common clinical and physio-pathological features, with insulin resistance (IR) as the most relevant. Large evidence leads to consider it as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, regardless of age, sex, smoking habit, cholesterolemia, and other elements of MS. Therapeutic strategies remain still unclear, but lifestyle modifications (diet, physical exercise, and weight loss) determine an improvement in IR, MS, and both clinical and histologic liver picture. NAFLD and IR are bidirectionally correlated and, consequently, the development of pre-diabetes and diabetes is the most direct consequence at the extrahepatic level. In turn, type 2 diabetes is a well-known risk factor for multiorgan damage, including an involvement of cardiovascular system, kidney and peripheral nervous system. The increased MS incidence worldwide, above all due to changes in diet and lifestyle, is associated with an equally significant increase in NAFLD, with a subsequent rise in both morbidity and mortality due to both metabolic, hepatic and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the slowdown in the increase of the “bad company” constituted by MS and NAFLD, with all the consequent direct and indirect costs, represents one of the main challenges for the National Health Systems.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – discussed under the light of Unani medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Riyazuddin ◽  
Arisha Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the diseases that have evolved lately into a major challenge for gastroenterologists. Although, the term NAFLD has not been familiar to the medical world since long, other conditions resembling the presentation of NAFLD have been there since primitive times. It is a reversible condition of the liver, wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulates in liver cells via the process of steatosis, despite any evidence of excessive alcohol consumption. In the developed countries NAFLD is reported to be the most common liver disorder, with a worldwide prevalence of 6–35%, in India its prevalence has been increasing gradually. Unani physicians have described liver as one of the principal organs of the body. It is the primary source of natural faculties, where the functions of digestion, concoction, absorption and excretion are performed, normally temperament of liver is hot and moist which can get converted to cold due to mutable dietary habits, consumption of fatty and cold food in abundance etc. In Unani System of Medicine, NAFLD has not been described as such, but it can be studied under Su’-i-Mizāj Kabid Bārid due to correlation of most of the symptoms. Its management mainly consists of elimination of morbid matter which is accumulated in the liver and correction of Su’-i-Mizāj Kabid Bārid by using drugs having opposite temperament (Ilaj bil zid).

scholarly journals Current and Future Treatments in the Fight against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Smeuninx ◽  
Ebru Boslem ◽  
Mark A. Febbraio
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Obesity is recognised as a risk factor for many types of cancers, in particular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A critical factor in the development of HCC from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the presence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Therapies aimed at NASH to reduce the risk of HCC are sparse and largely unsuccessful. Lifestyle modifications such as diet and regular exercise have poor adherence. Moreover, current pharmacological treatments such as pioglitazone and vitamin E have limited effects on fibrosis, a key risk factor in HCC progression. As NAFLD is becoming more prevalent in developed countries due to rising rates of obesity, a need for directed treatment is imperative. Numerous novel therapies including PPAR agonists, anti-fibrotic therapies and agents targeting inflammation, oxidative stress and the gut-liver axis are currently in development, with the aim of targeting key processes in the progression of NASH and HCC. Here, we critically evaluate literature on the aetiology of NAFLD-related HCC, and explore the potential treatment options for NASH and HCC.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Nutrition of Patients with and without Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver in Tehran

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahshid Akbari ◽  
Sima Zohari-Anboohi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Introduction: A high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with obesity and lifestyle disorders. The present study was conducted to compare the nutritional pattern of patients with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease referred to the hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2017.Materials and Methods: The present case-control study was performed on a total of 300 outpatients and inpatients, aged 18–65 years. These patients were referred to the ultrasonography section of the hospitals, and those recruited in the study were selected by the convenience method of sampling. According to the results of ultrasonography, these subjects were divided into two groups: case (100 patients) and control (200 subjects for increasing the statistical power of study). The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 19), descriptive statistics, and the Mann–Whitney test. P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: A significant difference was detected between the mean consumption of unhealthy foods in the case group as compared to the control group (P=0.001), while those with fatty liver reported a low average intake of fruits and vegetables with a significant difference (P=0.001).Conclusion: The results showed that patients with fatty liver complied with poor dietary habits as compared to individuals without the disease. 

An Evidence-based Study on Pharmacological Treatments of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on Traditional Persian Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-202
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sadat Hasheminasab ◽  
Haleh Tajadini ◽  
Mohammad Setayesh
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Persian Medicine ◽  
Traditional Persian Medicine ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent liver diseases regarded as the primary cause of chronic liver disease, which may lead to hepatic failure. Despite the recent developments in the treatment of NAFLD, the necessity to find more efficient treatments has led to investigation on medicinal plants. Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) is one of the oldest medical schools in the world. For treatment of NAFLD, different medicinal plants have been employed in TPM. Objective: Considering the public welcome for herbal medicines, the current evidence-based review study is conducted to investigate herbal remedies for NAFLD in TPM. Methods: Medicinal plants for treating NFALD were extracted according to three famous textbooks of Persian medicine. Then anti-obesity, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects of these medicinal plants were investigated according to modern medicine. For this purpose, databases including Scopus, web of sciences, Pubmed, Google scholar and science direct were searched. Results: Investigations of Persian medicine textbooks resulted in deriving 53 herbs, which are useful for treating NAFLD. Searching through aforesaid databases showed that most of these plants can help to treat this disease in at least 2 ways. 25 herbs are effective in all 5 mentioned effects. Conclusion: It should be considered that in Persian medicine, first-line treatment is correction of life style, then if necessary, herbs are prescribed. However, this study showed that many herbs mentioned in Persian medicine for treatment of NAFLD might have a potential to aid patient with this disease.

scholarly journals Nut consumption and the prevalence and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244514
Author(s):  
Georg Semmler ◽  
Sebastian Bachmayer ◽  
Sarah Wernly ◽  
Bernhard Wernly ◽  
David Niederseer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Advanced Fibrosis ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background Nut consumption has been associated with reduced inflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. However, the influence on the prevalence and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has yet to be evaluated. Methods 4655 subjects were included as part of a colorectal carcinoma screening program (SAKKOPI) between 07/2010 and 07/2019 and analyzed 2020. Patients were characterized using biochemical and metabolic parameters, as well as a detailed questionnaire on dietary habits. The diagnosis of NAFLD was established using abdominal ultrasound. Consumption of nuts was graded as: no consumption or <1 time/week, 1–6 times/week, 1 time/day and ≥2 times/day. Results Mean age was 58.5±9.8years with a mean BMI of 26.5±4.7kg/m2. 2058 (44.2%) patients suffered from the metabolic syndrome, 2407 (51.6%) had arterial hypertension, 2287 (49.1%) showed prediabetes/diabetes, 1854 (39.4%) had dyslipidemia and 1984 patients (43.5%) were diagnosed with NAFLD. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (1219 [48.7%] vs. 605 [40.2%] vs. 189 [37.4%] vs. 45 [31.7%], p<0.001) and NALFD (1184 [48.1%] vs. 594 [40.7%] vs. 158 [31.7%] vs. 48 [34.0%], p<0.001). On multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders and dietary patterns, nut consumption ≥1time/day was inversely associated with NAFLD in the overall cohort (adjusted Odds ratio[aOR]: 0.719 [95%CI:0.558–0.926], p = 0.011). However, following subgroup analysis, this inverse association was only confirmed in male patients (aOR: 0.589 [95%CI: 0.411–0.844], p = 0.004) but not in females (aOR: 0.886 [95%CI: 0.616–1.275], p = 0.515). Moreover, patients who consumed nuts 1–6 times/week had a significantly lower prevalence of advanced fibrosis (Fib-4 score >2.67: aOR: 0.551 [95%CI: 0.338–0.898], p = 0.017; Forns-Index >6.9: aOR: 0.585 [95%CI: 0.402–0.850], p = 0.005). Conclusions Nut consumption might exert beneficial effects on the prevalence of NAFLD in males. The negative association with advanced fibrosis warrants further investigation.

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