scholarly journals Synthesis, Stability, and Bioavailability of Nicotinamide Riboside Trioleate Chloride

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Amin Zarei ◽  
Leila Khazdooz ◽  
Sara Madarshahian ◽  
Mojtaba Enayati ◽  
Imann Mosleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Simulated Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Nicotinamide Riboside ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
Oil In Water

Nicotinamide riboside chloride (NRCl) is an effective form of vitamin B3. However, it cannot be used in ready-to-drink (RTD) beverages or high-water activity foods because of its intrinsic instability in water. To address this issue, we synthesized nicotinamide riboside trioleate chloride (NRTOCl) as a new hydrophobic nicotinamide riboside (NR) derivative. Contrary to NRCl, NRTOCl is soluble in an oil phase. The results of stability studies showed that NRTOCl was much more stable than NRCl both in water and in oil-in-water emulsions at 25 °C and 35 °C. Finally, we evaluated the bioavailability of NRTOCl by studying its digestibility in simulated intestinal fluid. The results demonstrated that NRTOCl was partially digestible and released NR in the presence of porcine pancreatin in a simulated intestinal fluid. This study showed that NRTOCl has the potential to be used as an NR derivative in ready-to-drink (RTD) beverages and other foods and supplement applications.

scholarly journals Synbiotic Microcapsules That Enhance Microbial Viability during Nonrefrigerated Storage and Gastrointestinal Transit

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 2280-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Crittenden ◽  
Rangika Weerakkody ◽  
Luz Sanguansri ◽  
MaryAnn Augustin
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Bifidobacterium Infantis ◽  
Simulated Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Microbial Viability ◽  
Film Forming

ABSTRACT A Bifidobacterium infantis strain was microencapsulated within a film-forming protein-carbohydrate-oil emulsion. This novel encapsulant incorporated prebiotics and substantially protected the bacterium during nonrefrigerated storage and gastrointestinal transit. The dried microcapsules were small (15 to 20 μm), had low water activity (0.2 to 0.3), and rapidly released the bacteria in simulated intestinal fluid.

scholarly journals Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters Mediate the Import of Nicotinamide Riboside and Nicotinic Acid Riboside into Human Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1391
Author(s):  
Andrey Kropotov ◽  
Veronika Kulikova ◽  
Kirill Nerinovski ◽  
Alexander Yakimov ◽  
Maria Svetlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nucleoside Transporters ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Nucleoside Transporter ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Nicotinamide Riboside

Nicotinamide riboside (NR), a new form of vitamin B3, is an effective precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in human and animal cells. The introduction of NR into the body effectively increases the level of intracellular NAD+ and thereby restores physiological functions that are weakened or lost in experimental models of aging and various pathologies. Despite the active use of NR in applied biomedicine, the mechanism of its transport into mammalian cells is currently not understood. In this study, we used overexpression of proteins in HEK293 cells, and metabolite detection by NMR, to show that extracellular NR can be imported into cells by members of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) family ENT1, ENT2, and ENT4. After being imported into cells, NR is readily metabolized resulting in Nam generation. Moreover, the same ENT-dependent mechanism can be used to import the deamidated form of NR, nicotinic acid riboside (NAR). However, NAR uptake into HEK293 cells required the stimulation of its active utilization in the cytosol such as phosphorylation by NR kinase. On the other hand, we did not detect any NR uptake mediated by the concentrative nucleoside transporters (CNT) CNT1, CNT2, or CNT3, while overexpression of CNT3, but not CNT1 or CNT2, moderately stimulated NAR utilization by HEK293 cells.

scholarly journals Dihydronicotinamide riboside: synthesis from nicotinamide riboside chloride, purification and stability studies

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (34) ◽  
pp. 21036-21047
Author(s):  
Amin Zarei ◽  
Leila Khazdooz ◽  
Mojtaba Enayati ◽  
Sara Madarshahian ◽  
Timothy J. Wooster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Nicotinamide Riboside

A convenient and scalable method for synthesis of dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH) from the commercially available nicotinamide riboside chloride (NRCl) is elaborated as well as a fast purification method that led to high purity NRH.

Moisture migration in a cereal composite food at high water activity: Effects of initial porosity and fat content

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Roca ◽  
Valérie Guillard ◽  
Stéphane Guilbert ◽  
Nathalie Gontard
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Initial Porosity ◽  
Moisture Migration

Development and Validation of UV-Visible Spectrophotometric method for the Estimation of Curcumin and Tetrahydrocurcumin in Simulated Intestinal Fluid

2021 ◽  
pp. 2971-2975
Author(s):  
Jai Bharti Sharma ◽  
Sherry Sherry ◽  
Shailendra Bhatt ◽  
Vipin Saini ◽  
Manish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Simulated Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Administration Method ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Development And Validation

Background: Due to solubility issues of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin, there is a need for the development of a UV-Visible spectrophotometric method that can estimate the drug release precisely and accurately. The addition of surfactant in the dissolution medium in low concentration achieved bio-comparable surface activity and can be used to estimate the drug release from formulations by avoiding sink conditions. Objective: The purpose of the present investigation was to develop a simple and précise UV-Visible spectrophotometric method for the determination of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin after oral administration. Method: A UV-Visible spectrophotometric method was developed using an appropriate solvent system for the estimation of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin. The solvent system having simulated intestinal fluid and particular concentration of surfactant was selected and further validated according to guidelines of the international conference on harmonization (ICH), the analytical parameter like linearity, precision and accuracy, etc. were studied. Results: Simulated intestinal fluid pH 7.4 with tween 80 at 1 % concentration satisfied all the conditions relative to peak quality at the stated wavelength for curcumin and intestinal fluid pH 7.4 with tween 80 at 0.5% concentration satisfied all the conditions relative to Peak quality at the stated wavelength for tetrahydrocurcumin. The developed methods were found within the range of all the validation parameters. Conclusion: The proposed method was found to be very simple and precise and can be used for routine quantitative analysis of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin.

Occurrence of Toxigenic Molds in Brazilian Cheese

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTA HIROMI TANIWAKI ◽  
ARIENE GIMENES FERNANDES VAN DENDER
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Several samples of cheese obtained from regular retailers in Campinas, Brazil, were examined for molds and mycotoxins. Strains of Aspergillus and Penicillium were isolated and evaluated for their potential for producing toxins. Two of the isolated Penicillium species produced citrinin, while another produced patulin. However, no mycotoxins were detected in any of the cheese samples tested. Experiments with different types of cheese and a semisynthetic cheese were carried out in order to verify production of citrinin and patulin. It was observed that citrinin may be produced in cheese with high water activity and in semisynthetic cheese. However, patulin does not appear to be stable in cheese, even in semisynthetic cheese with high water activity and high carbohydrate contents.

Effects of vacuum and multiflash drying on the microbiota and colour of dried yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
R.E.Y. Seho ◽  
R.L. Monteiro ◽  
J. De Dea Lindner ◽  
M. Miotto ◽  
B.A.M. Carciofi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
High Water ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Food And Feed

Larvae of Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm; YM) are an alternative to conventional animal protein as food and feed thanks to their high nutritional value and low environmental impact for production. Since some studies have reported high water activity (aw) with different microbial contamination levels, blanching and drying can be employed to reduce microbial load, enzymatic activity, moisture content, and water activity, ensuring safety and preserving YM for longer periods. This study applied rinsing or blanching followed by vacuum- or multiflash drying, aiming to preserve YM by reducing aw and the microbial load, enabling its use as food and feed. The processing impact on YM colour was evaluated, and they were also subjected to an Escherichia coli contaminated wheat bran to perform a challenge test to evaluate the effectiveness of the decontamination. Drying curves were determined for each situation. Multiflash drying procedure was faster than vacuum drying for reducing YM moisture. Additionally, blanched samples required a shorter period to reach the targeted water activity (0.2-0.3) than rinsed samples. Blanching plus vacuum drying reduced more than 5 log E. coli load in YM in the challenge test. Vacuum drying preserved YM brightness the most. In conclusion, this study showed that drying could provide shelf-stable YM. Besides, only 15 s of blanching before drying gives better brightness and leads to a greater microbial reduction after a relatively short drying time.

Fermentation Problem in Spanish North-Coast Honey

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSANA SANZ ◽  
GLORIA GRADILLAS ◽  
FUENCISLA JIMENO ◽  
CONSUELO PEREZ ◽  
TERESA JUAN
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Free Water ◽  
High Water ◽  
North Coast ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Free Water Content ◽  
Cantabrian Coast ◽  
Mold And Yeast

Twenty-one samples from the Cantabrian coast were analyzed to establish their microbiological quality and fermentation tendency. In a food with a very low free-water content like honey, microbiological growth is only possible when there is an increase in water activity. Since most of the samples studied were not extensively granulated, the risk of fermentation is mostly due to high water content. Among our samples, only two had a water content below 17.1% (no risk of fermentation), whereas the high water activity of the rest of the samples indicates the possibility of microbial growth. In fact, four of the samples analyzed showed a moisture content over the Spanish maximum legal limit, which means a high risk of fermentation. The absence of Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, and Escherichia coli in our samples indicates an appropriate cleanliness during extractions and handling of honey. No Salmonella or Shigella were found. The relationship between water activity and mold and yeast counts found for the honeys analyzed allowed us to divide our samples in two groups: honeys with a high or a low risk of fermentation. Changes observed during storage of the samples confirmed this classification.

Short note: Infliximab recovery in a simulated intestinal fluid of the upper intestine tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Volpatti ◽  
Eleonora Gulisano ◽  
Mauro Spanghero
Keyword(s):  
Short Note ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Simulated Intestinal Fluid
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