scholarly journals Exercise Training Combined with Calanus Oil Supplementation Improves the Central Cardiodynamic Function in Older Women

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Marek Štěpán ◽  
Klára Daďová ◽  
Miloš Matouš ◽  
Eva Krauzová ◽  
Lenka Sontáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Function ◽  
Maximal Cardiac Output ◽  
Total Fat

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible beneficial effects of exercise training (ET) with omega-3/Calanus oil supplementation on cardiorespiratory and adiposity parameters in elderly women. Fifty-five women (BMI: 19–37 kg/m2, 62–80 years old) were recruited and randomly assigned to the 4 month intervention with ET and omega-3 supplementation (Calanus oil, ET-Calanus) or ET and the placebo (sunflower oil; ET-Placebo). The body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and cardiorespiratory parameters were measured using spiroergometry and PhysioFlow hemodynamic testing. Both interventions resulted in an increased lean mass whereas the fat mass was reduced in the leg and trunk as well as the android and gynoid regions. The content of trunk fat (in percent of the total fat) was lower and the content of the leg fat was higher in the ET-Calanus group compared with the ET-Placebo. Although both interventions resulted in similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), it was explained by an increased peripheral oxygen extraction (a-vO2diff) alone in the ET-Placebo group whereas increased values of both a-vO2diff and maximal cardiac output (COmax) were observed in the ET-Calanus group. Changes in COmax were associated with changes in systemic vascular resistance, circulating free fatty acids, and the omega-3 index. In conclusion, Calanus oil supplementation during a 4 month ET intervention in elderly women improved the cardiorespiratory function, which was due to combined central and peripheral cardiodynamic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibit the Function of Human URAT1, a Renal Urate Re-Absorber

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Saito ◽  
Yu Toyoda ◽  
Tappei Takada ◽  
Hiroshi Hirata ◽  
Ami Ota-Kontani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Uricosuric Agents ◽  
Transport Assay ◽  
The Impact

The beneficial effects of fatty acids (FAs) on human health have attracted widespread interest. However, little is known about the impact of FAs on the handling of urate, the end-product of human purine metabolism, in the body. Increased serum urate levels occur in hyperuricemia, a disease that can lead to gout. In humans, urate filtered by the glomerulus of the kidney is majorly re-absorbed from primary urine into the blood via the urate transporter 1 (URAT1)-mediated pathway. URAT1 inhibition, thus, contributes to decreasing serum urate concentration by increasing net renal urate excretion. Here, we investigated the URAT1-inhibitory effects of 25 FAs that are commonly contained in foods or produced in the body. For this purpose, we conducted an in vitro transport assay using cells transiently expressing URAT1. Our results showed that unsaturated FAs, especially long-chain unsaturated FAs, inhibited URAT1 more strongly than saturated FAs. Among the tested unsaturated FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid, α-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid exhibited substantial URAT1-inhibitory activities, with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 6.0, 14.2, and 15.2 μM, respectively. Although further studies are required to investigate whether the ω-3 polyunsaturated FAs can be employed as uricosuric agents, our findings further confirm FAs as nutritionally important substances influencing human health.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Sport Performance—Are They Equally Beneficial for Athletes and Amateurs? A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3712
Author(s):  
Frank Thielecke ◽  
Andrew Blannin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Clinical Endpoints

Omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentanoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) are receiving increasing attention in sports nutrition. While the usual focus is that of athletes, questions remain if the different training status between athletes and amateurs influences the response to EPA/DHA, and as to whether amateurs would benefit from EPA/DHA supplementation. We critically examine the efficacy of EPA/DHA on performance, recovery and injury/reduced risk of illness in athletes as well as amateurs. Relevant studies conducted in amateurs will not only broaden the body of evidence but shed more light on the effects of EPA/DHA in professionally trained vs. amateur populations. Overall, studies of EPA/DHA supplementation in sport performance are few and research designs rather diverse. Several studies suggest a potentially beneficial effect of EPA/DHA on performance by improved endurance capacity and delayed onset of muscle soreness, as well as on markers related to enhanced recovery and immune modulation. The majority of these studies are conducted in amateurs. While the evidence seems to broadly support beneficial effects of EPA/DHA supplementation for athletes and more so in amateurs, strong conclusions and clear recommendations about the use of EPA/DHA supplementation are currently hampered by inconsistent translation into clinical endpoints.

scholarly journals Exercise training, energy metabolism, and heart failureThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 14th International Biochemistry of Exercise Conference – Muscles as Molecular and Metabolic Machines, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée Ventura-Clapier
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Intracellular Energy Transfer

Energy metabolism is at the crossroad of cell function and dysfunction. Cardiac and skeletal muscle cells, the energy metabolism of which is high, fluctuating, and adaptable to the special needs of the body, have developed sophisticated strategies for synthesizing, transferring, and utilizing energy in accordance with the needs of the body. Adaptation to endurance training mainly involves energetic remodelling in skeletal muscles, but less is known for the cardiac muscle. Alterations in energy metabolism participate in many pathophysiological processes, among which is heart failure. Because endurance training improves symptoms and quality of life and decreases mortality rate and hospitalization, it is increasingly recognized as a beneficial practice for heart failure patients. The mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of exercise training are far from being understood. Proper evaluation of these mechanisms is thus a major health issue for populations living in industrialized countries. This review mainly focuses on oxidative metabolism and intracellular energy transfer in muscles and the heart, their alterations in heart failure, and the effects of endurance exercise training.

scholarly journals Associação de polimorfismos genéticos com capacidades físicas e composição corporal em idosas

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Vitor Nolasco de Moraes ◽  
Gustavo Duarte Ferrari ◽  
Thiago Chiaratto ◽  
Letícia Perticarrara Ferezin ◽  
Átila Alexandre Trapé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Capacity Flexibility ◽  
Physical Capacities

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n1p11 The elderly population has grown substantially, and the decline in physical capacities and increase in the body fat percentage are important characteristics of aging. Genetic factors may explain these declines and studies related to this issue are justified because they predict what physical capacities present larger declines in different individuals and enable the adoption of strategies to slow them. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ACE I / D and ACTN3 R / X genetic polymorphisms on body fat, muscle strength and power levels, aerobic capacity, flexibility and agility in older women. Sixty-six older women were genotyped with respect to ACTN3 and ACE polymorphisms for the division of groups and submitted to anthropometric measurements, physical tests in the AAHPERD and RIKLI and JONES test batteries and IPAQ to determine the level of physical activity and the Food Consumption Marker Form. Older women with XX genotype in relation to ACTN3 genotype had lower levels of flexibility of upper and lower limbs and lower cardiorespiratory fitness. Moreover, in relation to the ACE genotype, ID individuals exhibited higher cardiorespiratory fitness and lower body fat percentages. In relation to the other variables, there was no statistical difference among groups. It was concluded that the genetic variants under study play a role in some of the physical capacities and body composition in elderly women. In the future, data of this nature will enable each individual to have specific health interventions directed to the variables showing higher genetic potential for decline. 

scholarly journals Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Glucose Transport and Glucose Metabolism by Exercise Training

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parker L. Evans ◽  
Shawna L. McMillin ◽  
Luke A. Weyrauch ◽  
Carol A. Witczak
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Muscle Glucose Transport

Aerobic exercise training and resistance exercise training are both well-known for their ability to improve human health; especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, there are critical differences between these two main forms of exercise training and the adaptations that they induce in the body that may account for their beneficial effects. This article reviews the literature and highlights key gaps in our current understanding of the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise training on the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis, skeletal muscle glucose transport and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Anemia in elderly women. Rational prevention. Evidence base

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
E. A. Markova ◽  
A. Z. Khashukoeva ◽  
S. A. Khlynova ◽  
M. V. Burdenko ◽  
A. Kh. Karanasheva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Good Tolerability

Iron deficiency anemia is a frequent companion in postmenopausal women and those who have reached adulthood. Anemia in mild form in elderly women often occurs almost asymptomatically. Over time, iron deficiency progresses: severe complications occur, the quality of life decreases significantly, and the prognosis for life becomes unfavorable. A cross-section of the literature data in recent years shows that iron, folate, vitamin B12 deficiency, gastrointestinal diseases, pathologies in the processes of erythropoiesis and other somatic diseases come to the fore in terms of the etiological factors of anemia in elderly women. An important role in the development of anemia in older women is played by an irrational diet throughout life, which causes a lack of iron and folate in food. That is why therapy with a complex drug, which includes iron (II) fumarate in combination with folic acid is a rational choice in comparison with iron monotherapy for the prevention and treatment of anemia in elderly women. The administration of oral iron preparations for the correction of iron deficiency and for the purpose of selecting an effective pathogenetic therapy for anemia solves the problem of complications and improves the quality of life of older women. Iron (II) fumarate + folic acid - a tablet form of iron preparation in combination with folic acid for oral use, which has good tolerability, quickly replenishes iron reserves in the body of elderly patients, reducing mortality in this age group.

scholarly journals Development and validation of an equation to estimate body fat in elderly women

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius de Oliveira Damasceno ◽  
Tercio Araújo do Rego Barros ◽  
Willemax dos Santos Gomes ◽  
Jhonnatan Vasconcelos Pereira Santos ◽  
Daniela Karina da Silva Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
New Equation

Abstract The purpose of this present study was to develop and validate a prediction equation for body composition assessment using anthropometric measures of elderly women. This is cross-sectional correlational study with 243 older women ± 64.5 years old and body mass index (BMI) ± 28.70 kg/m². For the development of the equation it was utilized the method of hold-out sample validation. The participants were randomly divided into equation development group (96 elderly women) and a group for validation (147 elderly women). Total body mass, height, waist and hip circumferences, ratio waist-hip ratio and BMI were measured. The whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessed body composition (percentage of body fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass). The equations were developed using multiple linear regression, with validation by the stepwise method; the comparison of the equations was analyzed by the paired Student's t test and the analysis of residual scores by the method of Blant and Altman. The New Equation presents a strong correlation (R = 0.83) and (R² = 0.69), and a standard error of estimation equals to 3.21% for percentage body fat prediction. The mean difference between the estimations of percentage body fat from DXA and the New Equation was 0.11% (t(0,180); P = 0.850). Therefore, the New Equation had an accuracy of 93.5% and a total error of 1.8%. The body fat estimation in older women using this New Equation based on BMI and age is valid and accurate.

scholarly journals Association between different types of plant-based diets and leptin levels in healthy volunteers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Gogga ◽  
Aleksandra Śliwińska ◽  
Ewa Aleksandrowicz-Wrona ◽  
Syliwa Małgorzewicz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Leptin is an important factor regulating appetite and energety metabolism; disturbances in its signaling are related to adiposity and contribute to the excessive body fat. About a third of the human population is overweight or suffers from obesity, as well as from associated medical conditions. It is well established that vegetarian, especially vegan, diet is very effective in lowering BMI and body fat, thus, plant-based diets are associated with a lower risk of obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of leptin in lacto-ovo-vegetarian and vegan volunteers with normal BMI. The intake of energy and selected diet components such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and carbohydrates was also investigated. The study involved healthy women – 14 omnivores, 17 lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and 11 vegans. All women had a normal BMI (18.5-24.99). The plasma leptin levels were examined with immunoenzymatic test (ELISA). All participants were interviewed to estimate their nutrient intake by performing a 24-hour dietary recall. Both lacto-ovo-vegetarians and vegans had lower plasma leptin concentrations than their meat-consuming counterparts. Every analyzed diet group had a different body fat content, with the highest level in omnivores and the lowest in vegans. All participants had similar calorie, total fat, and total carbohydrates intake. Total PUFA and specifically omega-3 fatty acids consumption was lower in omnivores when compared to both types of plant diet; the same was found for fiber intake. Our results suggest that adopting a plant-based diet may be beneficial for energetic metabolism, as it significantly lowers the body fat storage and circulating leptin levels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document