scholarly journals Face Validity of Observed Meal Patterns Reported with 7-Day Diet Diaries in a Large Population-Based Cohort Using Diurnal Variation in Concentration Biomarkers of Dietary Intake

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Marleen A. H. Lentjes ◽  
Linda M. Oude Griep ◽  
Angela A. Mulligan ◽  
Scott Montgomery ◽  
Nick J. Wareham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Meal Patterns

In a cross-sectional analysis of a population-based cohort (United Kingdom, N = 21,318, 1993–1998), we studied how associations between meal patterns and non-fasting triglyceride and glucose concentrations were influenced by the hour of day at which the blood sample was collected to ascertain face validity of reported meal patterns, as well as the influence of reporting bias (assessed using formula of energy expenditure) on this association. Meal size (i.e., reported energy content), mealtime and meal frequency were reported using pre-structured 7-day diet diaries. In ANCOVA, sex-specific means of biomarker concentrations were calculated by hour of blood sample collection for quartiles of reported energy intake at breakfast, lunch and dinner (meal size). Significant interactions were observed between breakfast size, sampling time and triglyceride concentrations and between lunch size, sampling time and triglyceride, as well as glucose concentrations. Those skipping breakfast had the lowest triglyceride concentrations in the morning and those skipping lunch had the lowest triglyceride and glucose concentrations in the afternoon, especially among acceptable energy reporters. Eating and drinking occasion frequency was weakly associated with glucose concentrations in women and positively associated with triglyceride concentrations in both sexes; stronger associations were observed for larger vs. smaller meals and among acceptable energy reporters. Associations between meal patterns and concentration biomarkers can be observed when accounting for diurnal variation and underreporting. These findings support the use of 7-day diet diaries for studying associations between meal patterns and health.

scholarly journals BLOOD SAMPLE COLLECTION AND DIURNAL VARIATION : A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Vishnu Kumar ◽  
Sharique Ahmad ◽  
Zarina Farheen
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Sample Collection

scholarly journals P516 Daily consumers of drip-filtered coffee have a decreased risk of developing late-onset Crohn’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S446-S447
Author(s):  
L Widbom ◽  
J Hultdin ◽  
K Ekblom ◽  
P Karling ◽  
L M Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Filtered Coffee

Abstract Background Coffee is known to impact on colon motility, alter gut-related immune response, and to affect symptoms among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. In spite of this, the role of coffee as a determinant of IBD is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate how coffee correlates to the risk of developing late-onset IBD in general, and subdivided into Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Methods This nested case-control study within the large, population-based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS), included data from 78 patients with IBD and 311 controls matched for age, sex, time and area of sample collection. Cases were included in NSHDS at least one year prior to IBD diagnosis. Coffee consumption was assessed by questionnaire-data, differing between drip-filtered and boiled unfiltered coffee. Risk associations were estimated through conditional logistic regressions. Results Results differed between different subgroups of IBD and coffee. Our main finding was a decreased risk of Crohn’s disease in subjects with a daily intake of drip-filtered coffee in comparison with subjects with a less frequent intake (Table). After adjustments for smoking, body-mass-index, educational level and marital status the results remained. Adjusted OR for Crohn’s disease was 0.22; 95% CI 0.07–0.76 Conclusion Our results indicate potential biochemical differences depending on coffee preparation technique on IBD risk, with possible implications for prevention or treatment. Further studies are warranted.

scholarly journals Validation of Commercial ELISA kit for Non-Invasive Measurement of Cortisol Concentrations and the Evaluation of the Sampling Time of Blood and Fecal Sample in Aceh Cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Gholib Gholib ◽  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Ahmad Wahyudi ◽  
Khoiriyah S. Silalahi ◽  
Muslim Akmal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Fecal Sample ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Fecal Cortisol ◽  
Significant Difference

Some parameters should be evaluated before the analysis of cortisol hormone using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ). The most important one is to test the validity of the ELISA kit itself since most of the commercially available ELISA kit is not designed for animal use. The time of sample collection is also another important parameter needed to be evaluated due to a known diurnal variation of cortisol concentrations. This study aims to validate a commercial ELISA kit and evaluate the sampling time on the diurnal variations of cortisol concentration in blood and feces of Aceh cattle. Blood and fecal samples were collected in the morning and afternoon from 8 Aceh cows aged 2-3 years. A commercial ELISA Kit (Cat. No. EIA-K003-H5, Arbor Assays®) was validated using analytical (parallelism, accuracy, and precision/% CV of intraand inter-assay) and biological validations (by analyzing sample preand post-transportation). The results of a parallelism test showed the diluted sample curve from the fecal extract was not significantly different (parallel) to the standard curve of EIA-K003-H5 kits (P>0.05), the accuracy of the assay: 99,76 ± 3.77%, and the % CV of intra-and inter-assay less than 10%. The results from the biological validation test showed that the concentrations of fecal cortisol post-transportation were significantly higher compared to the pre-transportation (P<0.05). Plasma cortisol concentrations collected in the morning were significantly higher (79.34%) compared to afternoon samples(P<0.05). However, cortisol concentrations in feces collected in the morning and afternoon did not show a significant difference (P>0.05). In conclusion, ELISA Kit (EIA-K003H5, Arbor Assays®) is a reliable assay for measuring cortisol in the feces of Aceh cows. Plasma cortisol concentrations in Aceh cows show a diurnal variation which is higher in the morning than afternoon, but the concentration of cortisol in the fecal sample did not.

Associations between Body Composition and Mortality: A Large Population-Based Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Rong Li ◽  
Pei-Liang Chen ◽  
Xin Cheng ◽  
Hai-Lian Yang ◽  
Wen-Fang Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based

Fracture Risk in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Charles Kassardjian ◽  
Jessica Widdifield ◽  
J. Michael Paterson ◽  
Alexander Kopp ◽  
Chenthila Nagamuthu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Osteoporosis Prevention ◽  
Inception Cohort ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Multiple Covariates ◽  
Region Of Residence

Background: Prednisone is a common treatment for myasthenia gravis (MG), and osteoporosis is a known potential risk of chronic prednisone therapy. Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the risk of serious fractures in a population-based cohort of MG patients. Methods: An inception cohort of patients with MG was identified from administrative health data in Ontario, Canada between April 1, 2002 and December 31, 2015. For each MG patient, we matched 4 general population comparators based on age, sex, and region of residence. Fractures were identified through emergency department and hospitalization data. Crude overall rates and sex-specific rates of fractures were calculated for the MG and comparator groups, as well as rates of specific fractures. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression. Results: Among 3,823 incident MG patients (followed for a mean of 5 years), 188 (4.9%) experienced a fracture compared with 741 (4.8%) fractures amongst 15,292 matched comparators. Crude fracture rates were not different between the MG cohort and matched comparators (8.71 vs. 7.98 per 1000 patient years), overall and in men and women separately. After controlling for multiple covariates, MG patients had a significantly lower risk of fracture than comparators (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.63–0.88). Conclusions: In this large, population-based cohort of incident MG patients, MG patients were at lower risk of a major fracture than comparators. The reasons for this finding are unclear but may highlight the importance osteoporosis prevention.

scholarly journals Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population: Analysis of nationwide serosurvey data in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. McDonald ◽  
Fuminari Miura ◽  
Eric R. A. Vos ◽  
Michiel van Boven ◽  
Hester E. de Melker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Additive Regression ◽  
June July

Abstract Background The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 positive persons who are asymptomatic—and whether this proportion is age-dependent—are still open research questions. Because an unknown proportion of reported symptoms among SARS-CoV-2 positives will be attributable to another infection or affliction, the observed, or 'crude' proportion without symptoms may underestimate the proportion of persons without symptoms that are caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods Based on two rounds of a large population-based serological study comprising test results on seropositivity and self-reported symptom history conducted in April/May and June/July 2020 in the Netherlands (n = 7517), we estimated the proportion of reported symptoms among those persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 that is attributable to this infection, where the set of relevant symptoms fulfills the ECDC case definition of COVID-19, using inferential methods for the attributable risk (AR). Generalised additive regression modelling was used to estimate the age-dependent relative risk (RR) of reported symptoms, and the AR and asymptomatic proportion (AP) were calculated from the fitted RR. Results Using age-aggregated data, the 'crude' AP was 37% but the model-estimated AP was 65% (95% CI 63–68%). The estimated AP varied with age, from 74% (95% CI 65–90%) for < 20 years, to 61% (95% CI 57–65%) for the 50–59 years age-group. Conclusion Whereas the 'crude' AP represents a lower bound for the proportion of persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 without COVID-19 symptoms, the AP as estimated via an attributable risk approach represents an upper bound. Age-specific AP estimates can inform the implementation of public health actions such as targetted virological testing and therefore enhance containment strategies.

scholarly journals From Multiplex Serology to Serolomics—A Novel Approach to the Antibody Response against the SARS-CoV-2 Proteome

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 749
Author(s):  
Julia Butt ◽  
Rajagopal Murugan ◽  
Theresa Hippchen ◽  
Sylvia Olberg ◽  
Monique van Straaten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Large Population ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Assay Performance ◽  
Multiplex Serology

The emerging SARS-CoV-2 pandemic entails an urgent need for specific and sensitive high-throughput serological assays to assess SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology. We, therefore, aimed at developing a fluorescent-bead based SARS-CoV-2 multiplex serology assay for detection of antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 proteome. Proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 proteome and protein N of SARS-CoV-1 and common cold Coronaviruses (ccCoVs) were recombinantly expressed in E. coli or HEK293 cells. Assay performance was assessed in a COVID-19 case cohort (n = 48 hospitalized patients from Heidelberg) as well as n = 85 age- and sex-matched pre-pandemic controls from the ESTHER study. Assay validation included comparison with home-made immunofluorescence and commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. A sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 86–100%) was achieved in COVID-19 patients 14 days post symptom onset with dual sero-positivity to SARS-CoV-2 N and the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein. The specificity obtained with this algorithm was 100% (95% CI: 96–100%). Antibody responses to ccCoVs N were abundantly high and did not correlate with those to SARS-CoV-2 N. Inclusion of additional SARS-CoV-2 proteins as well as separate assessment of immunoglobulin (Ig) classes M, A, and G allowed for explorative analyses regarding disease progression and course of antibody response. This newly developed SARS-CoV-2 multiplex serology assay achieved high sensitivity and specificity to determine SARS-CoV-2 sero-positivity. Its high throughput ability allows epidemiologic SARS-CoV-2 research in large population-based studies. Inclusion of additional pathogens into the panel as well as separate assessment of Ig isotypes will furthermore allow addressing research questions beyond SARS-CoV-2 sero-prevalence.

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