scholarly journals After the Fall: The Demographic Destiny of a Gorgonian Population Stricken by Catastrophic Mortality

Oceans ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-350
Author(s):  
Simona Ruffaldi Santori ◽  
Maria Carla Benedetti ◽  
Silvia Cocito ◽  
Andrea Peirano ◽  
Roberta Cupido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Benthic Organism ◽  
Sampling Series ◽  
Long Time

In recent years, the frequency of mass mortality events in marine ecosystems has increased, and several populations of benthic organism have been affected, reducing their density and changing their size and age structure. Few details are known about the dynamics of these populations over long time intervals. In late summer of both 1999 and 2003 two drastic mass mortality events, co-occurring with anomalous temperature increases, affected the northwestern Mediterranean rocky coastal communities. Due to these events the Paramuricea clavata population living at the western edge of La Spezia Gulf (Italy) was stricken, and 78% of the colonies died. This population was monitored from 1998 (pre-mortality) until 2013. This paper deals with the photographic sampling of permanent plots carried out in 2013. The findings were compared with those from the previous sampling series. This long-term, non-destructive sampling highlights the demographic trajectory of the octocoral population there after two anomalous mortality events, indicating that some new drop-point between local extinction and complete recovery may be have been reached. Long-term monitoring (including pre-mortality data) could allow evaluating the effects of global climate change on the conservation of impacted populations.

AN OIL SPILL IN AN ILLINOIS LAKE: ECOLOGICAL AND HUMAN HEALTH ASSESSMENT

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Neff ◽  
Ted Sauer ◽  
Lewis Osborn ◽  
Pamela Tazik ◽  
Lawrence Reitsema
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
Power Plant Cooling

ABSTRACT Long-term ecological studies were initiated shortly after an April 1985 release of 452,550 gallons of a Southern Louisiana crude oil into a 1750-acre electric power plant cooling lake. Aquatic plants (macrophytes) in the most heavily oiled region of the lake were coated with oil and most had died by late summer 1986. Macrophytes from lightly oiled areas of the lake had nearly recovered by late summer 1986. Macrophytes in other parts of the lake were completely unaffected by the release of oil. A year after the release, diversity and abundance of bottom-living animals decreased in the most heavily oiled parts of the lake and previously dominant insect larvae were replaced by opportunistic oligochaetes. Complete recovery of the most severely affected benthic communities required four years in the deep parts of the lake and five years in shallow areas. There was a small kill of fish ($$200 fish) immediately after the release and a small decrease in the abundance of preferred recreational fish species (largemouth bass and white crappie) during the summer after the release. However, between 1986 and 1991, abundance of recreational fish in the lake was comparable to that before the accident. Fish did not accumulate sufficient PAH in edible tissues to pose a health risk to human consumers.

scholarly journals Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth’s tropical forests

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 368 (6493) ◽  
pp. 869-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. P. Sullivan ◽  
Simon L. Lewis ◽  
Kofi Affum-Baffoe ◽  
Carolina Castilho ◽  
Flávia Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Earth’S Climate

The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (−9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth’s climate.

Enhancing the power generation of Rhodopseudomonas palustris-based MFC

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1261-1268
Author(s):  
Shu Otani ◽  
Dang-Trang Nguyen ◽  
Kozo Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Maximum Power Density ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Carbon Sheet ◽  
Uv Ozone

In this study, a portable and disposable paper-based microbial fuel cell (MFC) was fabricated. The MFC was powered by Rhodopseudomonas palustris bacteria (R. palustris). An activated carbon sheet-based anode pre-loaded organic matter (starch) and R. palustris was used. By using starch in the anode, R. palustris-loaded on the anode could be preserved for a long time in dry conditions. The MFC could generate electricity on-demand activated by adding water to the anode. The activated carbon sheet anode was treated by UV-ozone treatment to remove impurities and to improve its hydrophilicity before being loaded with R. palustris. The developed MFC could generate the maximum power density of 0.9 μW/cm2 and could be preserved for long-term usage with little performance degradation (10% after four weeks).

Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Sasha Koul ◽  
David Erlinge ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Function ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndromes ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Antiplatelet Drugs ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Poor Responders ◽  
Coronary Syndromes

Drugs inhibiting platelet function play a major role in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The first drug used, which is still considered the cornerstone of therapy today, is aspirin. Although very impressive in acutely decreasing rates of myocardial infarction as well as death, long-term data are scarce, despite our current recommendation for lifelong aspirin. The thienopyridines, most notably clopidogrel, are the next line of antiplatelet drugs. Well-documented data support the usage of clopidogrel for non-STEMI-ACS (NSTE-ACS). Although positive mortality data exist regarding clopidogrel and STEMI patients in a medically treated population, including thrombolysis, no larger amounts of randomised data exist in a primary PCI setting. Poor responders to aspirin and/or clopidogrel are a clinical problem, with these individuals constituting a higherrisk group for recurrent ischaemic events. Whereas very little can be done regarding aspirin resistance, clopidogrel resistance might be diminished by increasing the dosage or changing to more potent and newer-generation antiplatelet drugs. The role of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors has diminished drastically and instead paved the way for thrombin antagonists (bivalirudin), which have fewer bleeding complications with resulting better long-term mortality. Novel adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-receptor blockers such as prasugrel and ticagrelor have shown increased efficacy over clopidogrel and hold great promise for the future. However, not all patients may benefit from these new drugs and economic constraints may also limit their use. Platelet function tests could possibly help in identifying risk groups in need of stronger platelet inhibition.

On Climate Change Risks of Long-Term Socio-Economic Development in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
N.E. Terentiev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Risk ◽  
Climate Change Risks ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Management Policies

Based on the latest data, paper investigates the dynamics of global climate change and its impact on economic growth in the long-term. The notion of climate risk is considered. The main directions of climate risk management policies are analyzed aimed, first, at reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions through technological innovation and structural economic shifts; secondly, at adaptation of population, territories and economic complexes to the irreparable effects of climate change. The problem of taking into account the phenomenon of climate change in the state economic policy is put in the context of the most urgent tasks of intensification of long-term socio-economic development and parrying strategic challenges to the development of Russia.

Charlemagne’s Health in ‘Old Age’: Did It Affect Carolingian Military Strategy?

Mediaevistik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-53
Author(s):  
Bernard S. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Strategy ◽  
The West ◽  
Long Time

During the first thirty-three years of his reign as king of the Franks, i.e., prior to his coronation as emperor on Christmas day 800, Charlemagne, scholars generally agree, pursued a successful long-term offensive and expansionist strategy. This strategy was aimed at conquering large swaths of erstwhile imperial territory in the west and bringing under Carolingian rule a wide variety of peoples, who either themselves or their regional predecessors previously had not been subject to Frankish regnum.1 For a very long time, scholars took the position that Charlemagne continued to pursue this expansionist strategy throughout the imperial years, i.e., from his coronation on Christmas Day 800 until his final illness in later January 814. For example, Louis Halphen observed: “comme empereur, Charles poursuit, sans plus, l’oeuvre entamée avant l’an 800.”2 F. L. Ganshof, who also wrote several studies treating Charlemagne’s army, was in lock step with Halphen and observed: “As emperor, Charlemagne pursued the political and military course he had been following before 25 December 800.”3

The Spread of Pollutants from Harbour Sludge Depots

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 623-633
Author(s):  
M Loxham ◽  
F Weststrate
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dilution Effects ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Harbour Sludge

It is generally agreed that both the landfill option, or the civil techniques option for the final disposal of contaminated harbour sludge involves the isolation of the sludge from the environment. For short time scales, engineered barriers such as a bentonite screen, plastic sheets, pumping strategies etc. can be used. However for long time scales the effectiveness of such measures cannot be counted upon. It is thus necessary to be able to predict the long term environmenttal spread of contaminants from a mature landfill. A model is presented that considers diffusion and adsorption in the landfill site and convection and adsorption in the underlaying aquifer. From a parameter analysis starting form practical values it is shown that the adsorption behaviour and the molecular diffusion coefficient of the sludge, are the key parameters involved in the near field. The dilution effects of the far field migration patterns are also illustrated.

The Many Faces of Socioeconomic Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Toye
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Face ◽  
Scientific Expertise ◽  
The Many ◽  
Century Development

This book provides a survey of different ways in which economic sociocultural and political aspects of human progress have been studied since the time of Adam Smith. Inevitably, over such a long time span, it has been necessary to concentrate on highlighting the most significant contributions, rather than attempting an exhaustive treatment. The aim has been to bring into focus an outline of the main long-term changes in the way that socioeconomic development has been envisaged. The argument presented is that the idea of socioeconomic development emerged with the creation of grand evolutionary sequences of social progress that were the products of Enlightenment and mid-Victorian thinkers. By the middle of the twentieth century, when interest in the accelerating development gave the topic a new impetus, its scope narrowed to a set of economically based strategies. After 1960, however, faith in such strategies began to wane, in the face of indifferent results and general faltering of confidence in economists’ boasts of scientific expertise. In the twenty-first century, development research is being pursued using a research method that generates disconnected results. As a result, it seems unlikely that any grand narrative will be created in the future and that neo-liberalism will be the last of this particular kind of socioeconomic theory.

scholarly journals Global climatology and trends in convective environments from ERA5 and rawinsonde data

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Taszarek ◽  
John T. Allen ◽  
Mattia Marchio ◽  
Harold E. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Convective Available Potential Energy ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Rawinsonde Data

AbstractGlobally, thunderstorms are responsible for a significant fraction of rainfall, and in the mid-latitudes often produce extreme weather, including large hail, tornadoes and damaging winds. Despite this importance, how the global frequency of thunderstorms and their accompanying hazards has changed over the past 4 decades remains unclear. Large-scale diagnostics applied to global climate models have suggested that the frequency of thunderstorms and their intensity is likely to increase in the future. Here, we show that according to ERA5 convective available potential energy (CAPE) and convective precipitation (CP) have decreased over the tropics and subtropics with simultaneous increases in 0–6 km wind shear (BS06). Conversely, rawinsonde observations paint a different picture across the mid-latitudes with increasing CAPE and significant decreases to BS06. Differing trends and disagreement between ERA5 and rawinsondes observed over some regions suggest that results should be interpreted with caution, especially for CAPE and CP across tropics where uncertainty is the highest and reliable long-term rawinsonde observations are missing.

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