scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Control of Helminths of Domestic Animals by Helminthophagous Fungi

Parasitologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
Jackson Victor Araújo ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Pedro Mendoza-de-Gives ◽  
Adolfo Paz-Silva ◽  
Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biotechnological Products ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth

This review describes the advances acquired and proven in the use of helminthophagous fungi in the control of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in domestic animals. Old and well-known premises about parasitic epidemiology and the factors that can interfere with the best performance of biological control are mentioned. Some of the most promising fungi are Duddingtonia flagrans from the predatory fungi group and Pochonia chamydosporia and Mucor circinelloides from the ovicidal fungi group. These fungi produce resistance spores called chlamidospores. Bioverm® and BioWorma®, based on the fungus D. flagrans, are available as commercial. Biotechnological products such as nanoparticles and obtaining primary and secondary metabolites have already been obtained from these fungi. Because they have different mechanisms of action, ovicidal and predatory fungi, when used together, can present a complementary and synergistic action in the biological control of helminths. Therefore, future research in the search for new formulations, the association of fungi from different groups, extraction of new molecules, and nanoparticles of these fungi in the control of helminths in various domestic animals are desired.

Induction of traps by Ostertagia ostertagi larvae, chlamydospore production and growth rate in the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grønvold ◽  
P. Nansen ◽  
S.A. Henriksen ◽  
M. Larsen ◽  
J. Wolstrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Ostertagia Ostertagi ◽  
Trap Formation ◽  
Nematode Larvae

AbstractBiological control of parasitic nematodes of domestic animals can be achieved by feeding host animals chlamydospores of the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans. In the host faeces, D. flagrans develop traps that may catch nematode larvae. In experiments on agar, D. flagrans had a growth rate between 15 and 60 mm/week at temperatures between 20 and 30°C. The presence of nematodes induces the fungus to produce traps. The rate of trap formation in D. flagrans has an optimum at 30°C, producing 700–800 traps/cm2/2 days, when induced by 20 nematodes/cm2 on agar. Approaching 10 and 35°C the ability to produce traps is gradually reduced. The response of chlamydospore production on agar to changes in temperature is the same as that for trap formation. On agar, at 10, 20 and 30°C D. flagrans loses its trap inducibility after 2–3 weeks. During the ageing process, increasing numbers of chlamydospores are produced up to a certain limit. The time for reaching maximum chlamydospore concentration coincided with the time for loss of induction potential. The implications of these results in relation to biological control in faeces are discussed.

scholarly journals Implementation of Biological Control to the Integrated Control of Strongyle Infection among Wild Captive Equids in a Zoological Park

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Palomero ◽  
J. A. Hernández ◽  
C. F. Cazapal-Monteiro ◽  
Fabián Arroyo Balán ◽  
M. I. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Zoological Park

The integrated control of strongyles was assayed for a period of three years in wild equids (zebras, European donkeys, and African wild asses) captive in a zoo and infected by strongyles. During three years control of parasites consisted of deworming with ivermectin + praziquantel; equids also received every two days commercial nutritional pellets containing a blend of 104 - 105 spores of the fungi Mucor circinelloides + Duddingtonia flagrans per kg meal. Coprological analyses were done monthly to establish the counts of eggs of strongyles per gram of feces (EPG). The reductions in the fecal egg counts (FECR) and in the positive horses (PHR) were calculated fifteen days after deworming; the egg reappearance period (ERP) and the time elapsed from the previous deworming (TPD) were also recorded. Four anthelmintic treatments were administered during the assay, three times throughout the first 2 yrs, and another treatment during the last one. FECR values of 96-100% and 75-100% for the PHR were recorded. The ERP oscillated between eight and twenty-eight weeks, and the TPD ranged from four to eighteen months, increasing to the end of the trial. No side effects were observed in any of the equids. It is concluded that integrated control of strongyles among equids captive in a zoo can be developed by anthelmintic deworming together with the administration of pellets manufactured with spores of parasiticide fungi every two days.

scholarly journals The Potential of the Synthetic Strigolactone Analogue GR24 for the Maintenance of Photosynthesis and Yield in Winter Wheat under Drought: Investigations on the Mechanisms of Action and Delivery Modes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1223
Author(s):  
Mojde Sedaghat ◽  
Yahya Emam ◽  
Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli ◽  
Saeid Hazrati ◽  
Claudio Lovisolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Synthetic Analog ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
New Family ◽  
Harsh Environmental Condition

Strigolactones (SLs) have been implicated in many plant biological and physiological processes, including the responses to abiotic stresses such as drought, in concert with other phytohormones. While it is now clear that exogenous SLs may help plants to survive in harsh environmental condition, the best, most effective protocols for treatment have not been defined yet, and the mechanisms of action are far from being fully understood. In the set of experiments reported here, we contrasted two application methods for treatment with a synthetic analog of SL, GR24. A number of morphometric, physiological and biochemical parameters were measured following foliar application of GR24 or application in the residual irrigation water in winter wheat plants under irrigated and drought stress conditions. Depending on the concentration and the method of GR24 application, differentiated photosynthesis and transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, antioxidant enzyme activities and yield in drought conditions were observed. We present evidence that different methods of GR24 application led to increased photosynthesis and yield under stress by a combination of drought tolerance and escape factors, which should be considered for future research exploring the potential of this new family of bioactive molecules for practical applications.

Lack of negative effects of the biological control agent Duddingtonia flagrans on soil nematodes and other nematophagous fungi

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Saumell ◽  
A.S. Fernández ◽  
F. Echevarria ◽  
I. Gonçalves ◽  
L. Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Soil Nematodes ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Post Deposition

AbstractThe possible environmental effects of the massive use of Duddingtonia flagrans for controlling sheep nematodes were evaluated in two regions. Non-supplemented faeces and faeces from sheep supplemented with D. flagrans were deposited three times on pasture plots and samples were collected 7 and 14 days post-deposition. Samples were cultured in agar-water (2%) with Panagrellus spp. to recover D. flagrans and other nematophagous fungi, and soil nematodes were extracted using Baermann funnels and counted. No significant differences in the populations of soil nematodes and fungi colonizing sheep faeces (P > 0.05) were observed between supplemented and non-supplemented groups, except in one sample. The topsoil in contact with the faeces was sampled 1–4 months post-deposition, revealing that, with one exception, D. flagrans did not persist in soil beyond 2 months post-deposition. Duddingtonia flagrans does not affect faecal colonization by other fungi and soil nematodes and, once deployed on pasture, does not survive for long periods in the environment.

scholarly journals Milk and marketing of dairy productions in Samangan province: A case study in districts of Khuram-Sarbagh, Feroz-Nakhchir, and center of Samangan (Aybak), Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Abdul Hadi Mukhtar ◽  
Sayed Batin Ashkar ◽  
Benazir Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
The Future ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Research Findings

In this study the status of milk and dairy production marketing in Samangan province is explained. Locking of ranchers accessing to a respondent dairy production market is the main problem focused herein. In Afghanistan illiteracy, traditional customs dominance and low economy level are the major gaps somewhat nationally remained unresolved among most of ranchers. The main objective of this study is assessing the dairy productions market situation to empower the economy level of farmers. A complex method was applied in this study including observation, interview, and questionnaire. Totally 117 questionnaires were handled. Results of analyzed collected data clarify that 90% of ranchers were illiterate, dairy cattle keeping is more than other milky animals because of its lower needs to silage and land. It has been concluded that farmers of Samangan province have adequate experience of keeping and nourishing the domestic animals in order to get a noticeable income. For getting the highest income and having modernized dairy production activities, from the viewpoint of authors, gradually researches accommodating are recommended and this research findings and conclusions will contribute better designing of the future research.

High Burden of Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites in Catfishes: Clarias gariepinus and Heteropneustes fossilis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayatri Shah ◽  
Shyam Narayan Labh
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
Parasitic Burden

Abstract Objective: Catfishes harbour a greater variety and occurrence of larval helminth parasites because they are exposed to more infective helminth larvae in their diet due to their predatory habit which makes them more susceptible to higher parasitic burden. This study was conducted at department of zoology in Post Graduate Campus, Biratnagar, Nepal to determine the prevalence of helminth parasites in the gastrointestinal tract of two species of catfishes i.e Clarias gariepinus and Heteropneustes fossilis collected from the different water resources of Biratnagar, Eastern Nepal.Results: Out of 280 fish examination, 264 (94.28%) fishes were found to be infected with helminths parasites. Clarias gariepinus infection rate was 84.0% with three species of parasites, one each of nematode i.e. Procamallanus laevionchus, cestode i.e. Proteocephalus species, and trematode i.e. Allocreadium species. Heteropneustes fossilis have prevalence rate of 100% with five species of helminth parasites i.e. two nematode species namely Procamallanus heteropneustes and Eustrongyloides species, one cestode namely Lytocestus indicus, one trematode i.e. Phyllodystomum folium and an acanthocephalan i.e. Pomphorhynchus species were detected.

Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of the common wallaroo or euro, Osphranter robustus (Gould) (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Common ◽  
Specific Species

Abstract The gastrointestinal helminth parasites of 170 common wallaroos or euros, Osphranter robustus (Gould), collected from all mainland states in which the species occurs as well as the Northern Territory, are presented, including previously published data. A total of 65 species of helminths were encountered, including four species of anoplocephalid cestodes found in the bile ducts and small intestine, and 61 species of strongylid nematodes, all but two of which occurring in the stomach, and with the remainder occurring in the terminal ileum, caecum and colon. Among the mainland subspecies of O. robustus, 52 species of helminths were encountered in O. r. robustus, compared with 30 species in O. r. woodwardi and 35 species in O. r. erubescens. Of the parasite species encountered, only 17 were specific to O. robustus, the remaining being shared with sympatric host species. Host-specific species or species occurring in O. robustus at a high prevalence can be classified as follows: widely distributed; restricted to northern Australia; restricted to the northern wallaroo, O. r. woodwardi; found only in the euro, O. r. erubescens; found essentially along the eastern coast of Australia, primarily in O. r. robustus; and species with highly limited regional distributions. The data currently available suggest that the acquisition of a significant number of parasites is due to co-grazing with other macropodids, while subspeciation in wallaroos as well as climatic variables may have influenced the diversification of the parasite fauna.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document