scholarly journals The Long Journey to BVD Eradication

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1292
Author(s):  
Volker Moennig ◽  
Matt J Yarnall
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Bovine Virus Diarrhoea ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Stakeholder Perspective

This paper provides a short review of bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) control programmes across Europe, with a particular focus on current efforts from a stakeholder perspective. Using outputs gained from a global, virtual congress on BVD control, the theory of the journey from BVD control to possible eradication is enriched with insight from stakeholders representing the major parts of the cattle industry. Current control programmes were presented by Javier Dieguez (Galicia), Neil Shand (England), Neil Paton (Wales), Jenny Purcell (Scotland), Maria Guelbenzu (Ireland), Jörn Gethmann (Germany), and Matthias Schweizer (Switzerland).

Bovine tuberculosis - the New Zealand problem

1993 ◽  
pp. 199-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. De Lisle
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Wildlife Reservoir

Control strategies based on the slaughter of cattle identified as infected by skin testing have been successful in eradicating bovine tuberculosis from several countries. In contrast, identical control methods have not achieved eradication in New Zealand. The reason for the persistence of tuberculosis in New Zealand is the presence of a wildlife reservoir of infection. While possums are the principal wildlife reservoir of bovine tuberculosis, feral pigs and wild deer may also be a source of infection for domestic animals. Current control programmes in which possums are poisoned are successful in reducing but not eliminating the spread of infection to cattle and farmed deer. The development of vaccines and the biological control of possums is the focus of active research in New Zealand. These are long-term research projects that will take many years before they can be sufficiently developed to be used to eradicate bovine tuberculosis from this country. Keywords: bovine tuberculosis, cattle, farmed deer, Mycobacterium bovis, possums

Babesiosis of cattle

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (S1) ◽  
pp. S247-S269 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BOCK ◽  
L. JACKSON ◽  
A. DE VOS ◽  
W. JORGENSEN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Central America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Control Programmes

Tick fever or cattle fever (babesiosis) is economically the most important arthropod-borne disease of cattle worldwide with vast areas of Australia, Africa, South and Central America and the United States continuously under threat. Tick fever was the first disease for which transmission by an arthropod to a mammal was implicated at the turn of the twentieth century and is the first disease to be eradicated from a continent (North America). This review describes the biology ofBabesiaspp. in the host and the tick, the scale of the problem to the cattle industry, the various components of control programmes, epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunity, vaccination and future research. The emphasis is onBabesia bovisandBabesia bigemina.

Evaluation and application of potential schistosome-associated morbidity markers within large-scale mass chemotherapy programmes

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (13) ◽  
pp. 1789-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. WEBSTER ◽  
A. KOUKOUNARI ◽  
P. H. L. LAMBERTON ◽  
J. R. STOTHARD ◽  
A. FENWICK
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Current Control ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Intensity Measures ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Schistosomiasis Control ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Tools And Techniques

SUMMARYA primary objective of schistosomiasis control programmes is to achieve, and hence also demonstrate, a quantifiable reduction in schistosome-associated morbidity as a consequence of chemotherapeutic intervention. Inherent within such an objective, it is necessary to define and validate direct and indirect indicators of schistosome-related morbidity. However, to define and thereby document such morbidity, and its reduction following treatment, may not be straightforward, particularly for intestinal schistosomiasis-induced morbidity, which is often not apparent in all but the most severe or chronic cases. Within all ‘Schistosomiasis Control Initiative’ activities, across selected sub-Saharan African countries since 2002, a range of standard and novel potential morbidity markers have been monitored and evaluated. Parasitological intensity measures, combined with haemoglobin/anaemia counts and ultrasonography, proved valuable schistosomiasis-related morbidity indicators, being both logistically practical and informative. Additional measures tested, such as albumin excretion profiles, were promising, and are subject to ongoing research, whilst some measures, such as distended stomach/umbilical circumference, anthropometrics and health questionnaires proved less reliable. These results serve to both illustrate the success of current control activities in reducing schistosome-induced morbidity, and to highlight key tools and techniques for continued application within ongoing and future mass drug administration programmes.

scholarly journals A review of the factors affecting the costs of bovine mastitis : review article

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Petrovski ◽  
M. Trajcev ◽  
G. Buneski
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Relevant Factors ◽  
Mastitis Control

Mastitis is one of the most prevalent production diseases affecting the dairy cattle industry worldwide. Its occurrence is associated with direct and indirect losses and expenditures. When estimating the cost of mastitis to the dairy industry the cost of the control programmes must be added. The direct losses of mastitis are the only costs obvious to the farmer. The difference between the costs of mastitis on one side and the benefits of mastitis control on the other side will give us a picture of the economic efficacy of the mastitis control programme. Continuing education of the farmer is needed for better mastitis control programmes. This article is an attempt to review briefly all relevant factors included in the economics of bovine mastitis and to illustrate the authors' view of some of the costs.

scholarly journals An Overview of Current Approaches and Challenges to the Control of Endemic Infectious Cattle Diseases in Albania

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xhelil Koleci ◽  
Ali Lilo ◽  
Sotiraq Papa ◽  
Keti Margariti ◽  
Annika van Roon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Animal Disease Control ◽  
Cattle Diseases ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
National Control

Agriculture is an important production sector in Albania that makes a significant contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) and employment. The livestock sector contributes more than half of the agricultural GDP. The Albanian cattle population represents 50% of the total livestock units and accounts for 85% of the national milk production, the rest being supplied by small ruminants. Cattle productivity, health and welfare are hindered by infectious diseases, some of which are also transmissible to humans (zoonosis). The aim of this manuscript is to provide an overview of the control of selected regulated and non-EU regulated cattle diseases in Albania and to highlight specific challenges for the Albanian cattle industry. The most important infectious cattle diseases in Albania for which national control and eradication strategies are in place are bovine brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, and anthrax, which are all zoonotic. Additionally, lumpy skin disease recently emerged in the Balkan region and is currently subject to controls. Most of the available funds and European Union support are allocated to the control of EU regulated zoonotic diseases. For control of non-EU regulated cattle diseases, no funds are available resulting in the lack of national control programmes (CPs). Based on research, clinical investigations and laboratory results, several non-EU regulated cattle infectious diseases appear endemic in Albanian dairy farms. While no national CPs exist for any of them, regional initiatives are available on a voluntary basis to control infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea. In the voluntary CPs, there is no monitored requirement to prove disease freedom of purchased animals and to re-evaluate the herd's free status after the introduction of animals into a herd. Data on animal movements that are routinely collected could potentially be used to control the risk of purchase, but quality needs to be further improved to increase its usefulness in disease CPs. This overview aims to collate existing information on the CPs implemented in Albania and to evaluate these to highlight gaps and threats in disease control, as well as opportunities and strengths through a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis, with the goal of providing a framework for the future implementation of animal disease control measures in Albania.

Pollutant Identification by Selected Area Electron Diffraction

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 532-533
Author(s):  
R. E. Ferrell ◽  
G. G. Paulson ◽  
C. W. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Multiple Component

Selected area electron diffraction (SAD) has been used successfully to determine crystal structures, identify traces of minerals in rocks, and characterize the phases formed during thermal treatment of micron-sized particles. There is an increased interest in the method because it has the potential capability of identifying micron-sized pollutants in air and water samples. This paper is a short review of the theory behind SAD and a discussion of the sample preparation employed for the analysis of multiple component environmental samples.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

Preliminary Findings on the Use of Session Questionnaires to Improve Clinician-Client Alliance With Special Consideration to Clinical Education

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Anu Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Specific Feedback ◽  
Stakeholder Perspective

ASHA's focus on evidence-based practice (EBP) includes the family/stakeholder perspective as an important tenet in clinical decision making. The common factors model for treatment effectiveness postulates that clinician-client alliance positively impacts therapeutic outcomes and may be the most important factor for success. One strategy to improve alliance between a client and clinician is the use of outcome questionnaires. In the current study, eight parents of toddlers who attended therapy sessions at a university clinic responded to a session outcome questionnaire that included both rating scale and descriptive questions. Six graduate students completed a survey that included a question about the utility of the questionnaire. Results indicated that the descriptive questions added value and information compared to using only the rating scale. The students were varied in their responses regarding the effectiveness of the questionnaire to increase their comfort with parents. Information gathered from the questionnaire allowed for specific feedback to graduate students to change behaviors and created opportunities for general discussions regarding effective therapy techniques. In addition, the responses generated conversations between the client and clinician focused on clients' concerns. Involving the stakeholder in identifying both effective and ineffective aspects of therapy has advantages for clinical practice and education.

From ensemble average to single (nano-) objects properties by X-ray microdiffraction: a short review on structure determination (local strain, composition, ...) and objects manipulation (AFM-coupled)

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
C. Mocuta ◽  
K. Mundboth ◽  
J. Stangl ◽  
B. Krause ◽  
A. Malachias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Determination ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Ensemble Average ◽  
X Ray

4D printing technology, modern era: A short review

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-111
Author(s):  
Khodadad Mostakim ◽  
Nahid Imtiaz Masuk ◽  
Md. Rakib Hasan ◽  
Md. Shafikul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Novel Material

The advancement in 3D printing has led to the rapid growth of 4D printing technology. Adding time, as the fourth dimension, this technology ushered the potential of a massive evolution in fields of biomedical technologies, space applications, deployable structures, manufacturing industries, and so forth. This technology performs ingenious design, using smart materials to create advanced forms of the 3-D printed specimen. Improvements in Computer-aided design, additive manufacturing process, and material science engineering have ultimately favored the growth of 4-D printing innovation and revealed an effective method to gather complex 3-D structures. Contrast to all these developments, novel material is still a challenging sector. However, this short review illustrates the basic of 4D printing, summarizes the stimuli responsive materials properties, which have prominent role in the field of 4D technology. In addition, the practical applications are depicted and the potential prospect of this technology is put forward.

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