scholarly journals A Flavonoid-Rich Extract from Bergamot Juice, Alone or in Association with Curcumin and Resveratrol, Shows Protective Effects in a Murine Model of Cadmium-Induced Testicular Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Nadia Ferlazzo ◽  
Antonio Micali ◽  
Herbert Ryan Marini ◽  
Josè Freni ◽  
Giuseppe Santoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Testicular Dysfunction ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Positive Action ◽  
Testicular Injury ◽  
Germinal Cells ◽  
Testis Structure ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analyses

It is known that cadmium damages testis structure and functionality. We examined the effects of nutraceuticals such as a flavonoid-rich extract of bergamot juice (BJe), alone or in association with curcumin (Cur) and resveratrol (Re), on mice testicular dysfunction caused by cadmium chloride (CdCl2). Controversial data on the protective effects of Cur and Re are available, while no evidence on the possible role of BJe exists. Adult male C57 BL/6J mice were administered with CdCl2 and treated with Cur, Re, or BJe alone or in combination for 14 days. Then, testes were removed and processed for molecular, structural, and immunohistochemical analyses. CdCl2 increased the mRNA of IL-1β, TNF-α, p53, and BAX while reduced that of Bcl-2 and induced tubular lesions and apoptosis of germinal cells. Cur, Re, and BJe at 40 mg/kg significantly improved all of these parameters and events, although BJe at 20 mg/kg showed a lower protective effect. The association of Cur, Re, and BJe at both doses of 50/20/20 and 100/20/40 mg/kg brought each parameter close to those of the control. Our results indicate that the nutraceuticals employed in this study and their associations exert a positive action against Cd-induced testicular injury, suggesting a possible protection of testis functionality in subjects exposed to environmental toxicants.

Effects of Myo-inositol Alone and in Combination with Seleno-Lmethionine on Cadmium-Induced Testicular Damage in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Benvenga ◽  
Antonio Micali ◽  
Giovanni Pallio ◽  
Roberto Vita ◽  
Consuelo Malta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Testicular Lesions ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analyses

Background: Cadmium (Cd) impairs gametogenesis and damages the blood-testis barrier. Objective: As the primary mechanism of Cd-induced damage is oxidative stress, the effects of two natural antioxidants, myo-inositol (MI) and seleno-L-methionine (Se), were evaluated in mice testes. Methods: Eighty-four male C57 BL/6J mice were divided into twelve groups: 0.9% NaCl (vehicle; 1 ml/kg/day i.p.); Se (0.2 mg/kg/day per os); Se (0.4 mg/kg/day per os); MI (360 mg/kg/day per os); MI plus Se (0.2 mg/kg/day); MI plus Se (0.4 mg/kg/day); CdCl2 (2 mg/kg/day i.p.) plus vehicle; CdCl2 plus MI; CdCl2 plus Se (0.2 mg/kg/day); CdCl2 plus Se (0.4 mg/kg/day); CdCl2 plus MI plus Se (0.2 mg/kg/day); and CdCl2 plus MI plus Se (0.4 mg/kg/day). After 14 days, testes were processed for biochemical, structural and immunohistochemical analyses. Results: CdCl2 increased iNOS and TNF-α expression and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, lowered glutathione (GSH) and testosterone, induced testicular lesions, and almost eliminated claudin-11 immunoreactivity. Se administration at 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg significantly reduced iNOS and TNF-α expression, maintained GSH, MDA and testosterone levels, structural changes and low claudin-11 immunoreactivity. MI alone or associated with Se at 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg significantly reduced iNOS and TNF-α expression and MDA levels, increased GSH and testosterone levels, ameliorated structural organization and increased claudin-11 patches number. Conclusion: We demonstrated a protective effect of MI, a minor role of Se and an evident positive role of the association between MI and Se on Cd-induced damages of the testis. MI alone or associated with Se might protect testes in subjects exposed to toxicants, at least to those with behavior similar to Cd.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of the Third Generation Vasodilatory Βeta - Blocker Nebivolol against D-Galactosamine - Induced Hepatorenal Syndrome in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 880-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Atwa ◽  
Rehab Hegazy ◽  
Rania Mohsen ◽  
Neamat Yassin ◽  
Sanaa Kenawy
Keyword(s):  
Hepatorenal Syndrome ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Advanced Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Factor Alpha

BACKGROUND: Renal dysfunction is very common in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The development of renal failure in the absence of clinical, anatomical or pathological causes renal of failure is termed hepatorenal syndrome (HRS).AIM: The present study was constructed to investigate the possible protective effects of nebivolol (Nebi) against D-galactosamine (Gal)-induced HRS in rats.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rats were treated with Nebi for ten successive days. On the 8th day of the experiment, they received a single dose of Gal. Serum levels of Cr, BUN, Na+ and K+ as well as AST, ALT, total bilirubin (TB), NH3 and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were determined following Gal administration. Moreover, renal and liver contents of MDA, GSH, F2-isoprostanes (F2-IPs), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-кB), total nitric oxide (NO), in addition to activities of caspase-3 (Cas-3), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), inducible and endothelial NO synthase (iNOS and eNOS) enzymes were also assessed. Finally, histopathological examination was performed.RESULTS: Nebi attenuated Gal-induced renal and hepatic dysfunction. It also decreased the Gal-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory recruitment.CONCLUSION: Results demonstrated both nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of Nebi against HRS and suggested a role of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and NO-releasing properties.

IL-10 deficiency protects hamsters from Leptospira infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xufeng Xie ◽  
Tianbao Lv ◽  
Dianjun Wu ◽  
Haozhe Shi ◽  
Shilei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Leptospirosis is a globally spread zoonotic disease with outcomes ranging from subclinical infection to fatal Weil syndrome. In addition to antibiotics, some immune activators have shown protective effects against leptospirosis. However, the unclear relationship between Leptospira and cytokines, has limited the development of antileptospiral immunomodulators. In this study, the particular role of IL-10 in leptospirosis was explored by using IL-10 defective (IL-10 -/- ) hamsters. After Leptospira infection, an improved survival rate, reduced leptospiral burden and alleviation of organ lesions were found in IL-10 -/- hamsters compared with WT hamsters. In addition, the gene expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and the NO level were higher in IL-10 -/- hamsters than in WT hamsters. Our results indicate that IL-10 deficiency protects hamsters from Leptospira infection.

Attenuation of genotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation by rutin in benzo(a)pyrene exposed lungs of mice: plausible role of NF-κB, TNF-α and Bcl-2

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaz Shahid ◽  
Rashid Ali ◽  
Nemat Ali ◽  
Syed Kazim Hasan ◽  
Summya Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Carcinogenic Agent ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Lung Injuries ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Apoptosis And Inflammation

Abstract: Benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] is an environmental contaminant and potential carcinogenic agent that causes lung injuries which leads to lung cancer. Rutin, a well-known flavonoid present in various natural sources, possesses biological activities such as anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of rutin against B(a)P-induced genotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in Swiss albino mice.: Pretreatment of rutin was given by oral gavage at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) for 7 days before the administration of a single oral dose of B(a)P (125 mg/kg b.wt.). The ameliorative effect of rutin on oxidative stress, apoptotic and inflammatory markers in lung tissues and genotoxicity was studied using an alkaline unwinding assay and DNA fragmentation.: B(a)P enhanced lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, H: The findings of the present study supported the protective effect of rutin against B(a)P-induced lung toxicity and genotoxicity.

Role of gambogenic acid in regulating PI3K/Akt/NF-kβ signaling pathways in rat model of acute hepatotoxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-527
Author(s):  
Zhongyang Ding ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Zhangfeng Tang ◽  
Xiaoyi Song ◽  
Fa Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
Apoptosis Markers

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effect of gambogenic acid (GA) in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in rat models. GA (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneal (i.p.) to rats for 7 consecutive days followed by APAP (500 mg/kg) single dose (i.p.) on the final day after GA administration. The levels of MDA, GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, ALP, AST, ALT, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), apoptosis markers (caspase-3 and -9, Bax, Bcl-2), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were evaluated. Results exhibited protective effects of GA by inhibiting inflammation, preventing oxidative stress and apoptosis in APAP-induced liver. Histopathological changes caused by APAP were attenuated, protein expressions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) were upregulated, and nuclear factor–kappa β (NF-kβ) was downregulated by GA. In summary, GA significantly exerted anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity potentially through regulation of PI3K/Akt and NF-kβ signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Dietary Oleocanthal Supplementation Prevents Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Tatiana Montoya ◽  
Marina Sánchez-Hidalgo ◽  
María Luisa Castejón ◽  
María Ángeles Rosillo ◽  
Alejandro González-Benjumea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Collagen Induced Arthritis ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Preventive Role

Oleocanthal (OLE), a characteristic and exclusive secoiridoid of Oleoaceae family, is mainly found in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Previous studies have reported its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer and neuroprotective effects. Since the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves inflammatory and oxidative components, this study was designed to evaluate the preventive role of dietary OLE-supplemented effects in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) murine model. Animals were fed with a preventive OLE-enriched dietary during 6 weeks previous to CIA induction and until the end of experiment time. At day 43 after first immunization, mice were sacrificed: blood was recollected and paws were histological and biochemically processed. Dietary OLE prevented bone, joint and cartilage rheumatic affections induced by collagen. Levels of circulatory matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17, IFN-γ) were significantly decreased in secoiridoid fed animals. Besides, dietary OLE was able to diminish COX-2, mPGES-1 and iNOS protein expressions and, also, PGE2 levels. The mechanisms underlying these protective effects could be related to Nrf-2/HO-1 axis activation and the inhibition of relevant signaling pathways including JAK-STAT, MAPKs and NF-κB, thus controlling the production of inflammatory and oxidative mediators. Overall, our results exhibit preliminary evidences about OLE, as a novel dietary tool for the prevention of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, such as RA.

scholarly journals The Role of Vagus Nerve on Dexmedetomidine Induced Survival and Lung Protection in a Sepsis Model in Rats.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumo Li ◽  
Binbin Wu ◽  
Cong Hu ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
Qingquan Lian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Vagal Nerve ◽  
Lung Injury Score ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Lung Protection ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract BackgroundSepsis often results in acute lung injury (ALI). Sedative dexmedetomidine (Dex) was reported to protect cells and organs due to its direct cellular effects. This study aims to investigate the role of vagus nerves on Dex induced lung protection in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in rats. MethodsThe bilateral cervical vagus nerve of male Sprague-Dawley rats was sectioned or just exposed without section as sham surgery. The ALI was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (1 or 10 mg/kg). After LPS administration, Dex antagonist yohimbine (YOH) (1 mg/kg) and/or Dex (25 μg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally at 0, 4, 8 and 12 hours to rats with or without vagotomy. The severity of ALI was determined with survival curve analysis and lung pathological scores of haematoxylin and eosin (H-E) staining sections. The plasma concentrations of interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), catecholamine (CA) and acetylcholine (Ach) were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ResultsThe median survival time of LPS-induced ALI rats was significantly prolonged by Dex (22 hours, 50% CI, [31.25, 90.63]) compared that in the LPS group (14 hours, 50% CI, [18.75, 81.25], P < 0.05), and the acute lung injury score was significantly reduced by Dex (6.5, 50% CI, [5.75, 7.5] vs 11.5, 50% CI, [10.75, 12.50] in the LPS group, P < 0.01). However, these protective effects of Dex were significantly reduced by either YOH administration or vagotomy. Dex significantly decreased LPS-induced plasma IL-1β (pg/ml) (20.75 ± 0.78 vs. 30.22 ± 2.62, P < 0.01), TNF-α (pg/ml) (205.30 ± 9.39 vs. 273.40 ± 14.50, P < 0.01), and CA (pg/ml) (825.70 ± 43.46 vs. 1188.00 ± 64.40, P < 0.01) but increased the secretion of Ach (pg/ml) (507.20 ± 49.52 vs. 296.50 ± 62.44, P < 0.01); these effects of Dex was partially abolished by vagotomy. ConclusionsOur data suggested that Dex increased vagal nerve tone which partially contributed to its anti-inflammatory and lung protective effects. The indirect anti-inflammation and direct cytoprotection of Dex are likely through high vagal nerve tone and α 2 -adrenoceptor activation, respectively.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Properties of Blackberry Anthocyanins in THP-1 Derived Macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10483
Author(s):  
Ebru Cenk ◽  
Cornelia Schmutz ◽  
Gudrun Pahlke ◽  
Anne Oertel ◽  
Jessica Kollarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Substitution Pattern ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
Light Chain Enhancer ◽  
Transcription Factor Nuclear Factor ◽  
Multiplex Cytokine

An anthocyanin-rich diet is considered to protect against chronic inflammatory processes although the bioavailability of anthocyanins is regarded as rather low. Moreover, the immunomodulatory role of anthocyanins is not fully understood yet. In the present study, fractions of blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) juice were investigated in plasma-relevant concentrations with respect to their immunomodulatory properties in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged THP-1-derived macrophages. The complex blackberry extract acted ineffective as well as potential degradation products. Cyanidin-3O-glucoside (Cy3glc), the main constituent of blackberry anthocyanins, diminished TNF-α levels at a concentration of 0.02 µg/mL, indicating protective effects as measured with quantitative RT-PCR and multiplex cytokine assays. LPS-boosted activity of transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) of differentiated THP-1 reporter gene cells was marginally inhibited by Cy3glc. LPS-induced microRNA-155 was further increased, supporting the evidence of protection. Of note, fractions obtained from blackberry juice, in particular cyanidin-3O-(6″-dioxalylglucoside), were displaying potential pro-inflammatory properties as these elevated IL-6 and TNF-α levels. In conclusion, highly purified anthocyanin fractions of blackberry juice display both anti- and pro-inflammatory properties at plasma-relevant concentrations depending on their structure and substitution pattern.

Involvement of cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptors in the favorable effects of sumatriptan on the random-pattern skin flap survival in rats: a novel potential target

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Aryannejad ◽  
Nafise Noroozi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Tavangar ◽  
Samira Ramezani ◽  
Amir Rashidian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Flap ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Flap Survival ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Skin Flap Survival ◽  
Cb2 Receptors

Introduction: Recent investigations have indicated the potential therapeutic role of cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptors in various inflammatory-related disorders. However, the role of these receptors has not been studied in skin flap models previously. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the possible involvement of CB2 receptors in the anti-inflammatory effects of sumatriptan and improvement of the random-pattern skin flap survival in rats. Methods: In a controlled experimental study, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six study groups (n = 6 per group). Two doses of sumatriptan (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally (i.p) 30 minutes before harvesting the flap tissue. In a separate group, SR144528 (a selective CB2 receptor inverse agonist) was injected before the most effective dose of sumatriptan to determine the possible involvement of CB2 receptors in its action. Histopathological examinations, the expression level of CB2 receptors (by western blot analysis), and IL-1 and TNF-α concentrations (ELISA) were explored in the skin flap samples. Results: Sumatriptan 0.3 mg/kg remarkably enhanced the skin flap survival in all macroscopic and microscopic investigations compared to the control group (P <0.001). IL-1 and TNF-α levels were significantly attenuated (P <0.001), and the expression of CB2 receptors in skin cells was amplified in rats treated with sumatriptan 0.3 mg/kg (p <0.05) compared to the control group. However, the administration of SR144528 (2 mg/kg) nullified all the protective effects of sumatriptan (0.3 mg/kg). Conclusion: We discovered that CB2 receptors play a crucial role in the favorable effects of sumatriptan on skin flap survival as a novel mechanism of action. So, targeting these receptors seems to be a dependable method in skin flap surgeries to ensure its survival and prevent tissue necrosis. Further experimental and clinical investigations are needed to ensure the safe clinical application of this method.

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