scholarly journals Pilot Study of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Cessation Methods

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Michelle Sahr ◽  
Shelby Kelsh ◽  
Noah Blower ◽  
Minji Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Behavioral Support ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
The U.S

Currently, 7.6% of the U.S. young adults aged 18–24 years old use e-cigarettes. This study piloted three methods of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) cessation by measuring cessation rates, motivational techniques that contributed to cessation success, and participants’ changes after decreasing vape use. Participants were randomized into three study arms (nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) + behavioral support, vape-taper + behavioral support, self-guided) in a 1:1:1 ratio. All participants were invited to attend nine in-person or phone appointments over the 6-month study period. At 12 weeks, 3 of 7 (42.9%) participants in the NRT + behavioral support arm, 6 of 8 (75%) vape-taper + behavioral support arm, and 7 of 9 (77.8%) self-guided arm self-reported being vape-free and nicotine-free. At 6 months, 3 of 7 (42.9%) participants in the NRT + behavioral support arm, 6 of 8 (75%) vape-taper + behavioral support arm, and 4 of 9 (44.4%) self-guided arm self-reported being vape-free and nicotine-free. A challenge to quitting and remain quit is social pressures, but participants identified self-control and establishing new habits to be the best methods to overcome the desire to vape. Participants who received behavioral support and a vape-taper plan from pharmacists were more likely to be vape-free and nicotine-free at 6 months.

scholarly journals Pilot Study of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Cessation Methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Sahr ◽  
Shelby Kelsh ◽  
Noah Blower ◽  
Minji Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Behavioral Support ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
The U.S

Currently 7.6% of the U.S. young adults aged 18-24 years old currently use e-cigarettes. This study piloted three methods of ENDS cessation by measuring cessation rates, motivational techniques that contributed to cessation success, and participants’ changes after decreasing vape use. Participants were randomized into three study arms [nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) + behavioral support, vape-taper + behavioral support, self-guided] in a 1:1:1 ratio. All participants were invited to attend 9 in-person or phone appointments over the 6 month study period. At 12 weeks, 3 of 7 (42.9%) participants in the NRT + behavioral support arm, 6 of 8 (75%) vape-taper + behavioral support arm, and 7 of 9 (77.8%) self-guided arm self-reported being vape- and nicotine-free. At 6 months, 3 of 7 (42.9%) participants in the NRT + behavioral support arm, 6 of 8 (75%) vape-taper + behavioral support arm, 4 of 9 (44.4%) self-guided arm self-reported being vape- and nicotine-free. A challenge to quitting and remain quit is social pressures, but participants identified self-control and establishing new habits to be the best methods to overcome the desire to vape. Participants who received behavioral support and a vape-taper plan from pharmacists were more likely to be vape- and nicotine-free at 6 months.

Statewide vaping product excise tax policy and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems among US young adults, 2014–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056653
Author(s):  
Dae-Hee Han ◽  
Dong-Chul Seo ◽  
Hsien-Chang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Us States ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
State Changes

ObjectivesAn increasing number of US states have required a tax on electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in the past few years. This study evaluated the effect of statewide vaping product excise tax policy on ENDS use among young adults.MethodsWe used the two recent waves (2014–2019) of the Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. A total of 17 896 US young adults were analysed. Difference-in-differences approach along with weighted multilevel logistic regressions were used to evaluate the association of vaping product excise tax policy adoption with current ENDS use, accounting for the clustering of respondents within the same states.ResultsThere was an increase in current ENDS use prevalence from 2014–2015 (3.4%) to 2018–2019 (5.4%). The presence of a tax on ENDS products was significantly associated with reduced current ENDS use (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.64, 95% CI=0.43 to 0.95). Importantly, respondents living in states with the policy showed significantly lower increase in ENDS use prevalence during the study period (interaction between within-state changes and between-state differences: AOR=0.57, 95% CI=0.35 to 0.91), controlling for other state-level policies and sociodemographic characteristics.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that adopting a vaping product excise tax policy may help reduce ENDS use and suppress the increase of ENDS use prevalence among young adults. Considering that there are still a number of US states that have not implemented vaping product excise tax policy, wider adoption of such policy across the nation would likely help mitigate ENDS use prevalence.

scholarly journals Longitudinal transitions of exclusive and polytobacco electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among youth, young adults and adults in the USA: findings from the PATH Study Waves 1–3 (2013–2016)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. s147-s154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra A Stanton ◽  
Eva Sharma ◽  
Kathryn C Edwards ◽  
Michael J Halenar ◽  
Kristie A Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Reasons For Use

ObjectiveElectronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; including e-cigarettes) are rapidly evolving in the US marketplace. This study reports cross-sectional prevalence and longitudinal pathways of ENDS use across 3 years, among US youth (12–17 years), young adults (18–24 years) and adults 25+ (25 years and older).DesignData were from the first three waves (2013–2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of US youth and adults. Respondents with data at all three waves (youth, n=11 046; young adults, n=6478; adults 25+, n=17 188) were included in longitudinal analyses.ResultsWeighted cross-sectional ever use of ENDS increased at each wave. Across all three waves, young adults had the highest percentages of past 12-month, past 30-day (P30D) and daily P30D ENDS use compared with youth and adults 25+. Only about a quarter of users had persistent P30D ENDS use at each wave. Most ENDS users were polytobacco users. Exclusive Wave 1 ENDS users had a higher proportion of subsequent discontinued any tobacco use compared with polytobacco ENDS users who also used cigarettes.ConclusionsENDS use is most common among young adults compared with youth and adults 25+. However, continued use of ENDS over 2 years is not common for any age group. Health education efforts to reduce the appeal and availability of ENDS products might focus on reducing ENDS experimentation, and on reaching the smaller subgroups of daily ENDS users to better understand their reasons for use.

scholarly journals Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Marketing and Initiation Among Youth and Young Adults

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. e20183601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Loukas ◽  
Ellen M. Paddock ◽  
Xiaoyin Li ◽  
Melissa B. Harrell ◽  
Keryn E. Pasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

scholarly journals Applying the Population Health Standard to the Regulation of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Cahn ◽  
Jeffrey Drope ◽  
Clifford E Douglas ◽  
Rosemarie Henson ◽  
Carla J Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The State ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Regulatory authorities have devoted increasing attention and resources to a range of issues surrounding the regulation of novel nicotine and tobacco products. This review highlights the inherent complexity of evaluating prospective policies that pertain to products that heat solutions containing nicotine but not tobacco leaf, sometimes referred to as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is compelled to incorporate a set of public health criteria in their decision-making, collectively referred to as the Population Health Standard. Adherence to this standard is necessary to estimate the impact of prospective ENDS policy decisions on net population harm associated with non-therapeutic nicotine products. For policies that are expected to decrease or increase ENDS use, application of the Population Health Standard requires a comprehensive assessment of the status quo impact of ENDS use on population health. Accordingly, this review first assesses the state of the evidence on the direct harms of ENDS and the indirect effects of ENDS use on smoking, particularly rates of initiation and cessation. After that, the example of flavor restrictions is used to demonstrate the further considerations that are involved in applying the Population Health Standard to a prospective ENDS policy. Implications This narrative review aims to inform regulatory considerations about ends through the prism of the population health standard. More specifically, this review: 1) describes and explains the importance of this approach; 2) provides guidance on evaluating the state of the evidence linking ends to the net population harm associated with non-therapeutic nicotine products; and 3) illustrates how this framework can inform policymaking using the example of flavor restrictions.

scholarly journals Electronic nicotine delivery system-induced alterations in oral health via saliva assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (15) ◽  
pp. 1319-1325
Author(s):  
Saeed Alqahtani ◽  
Bruce Cooper ◽  
Claire A Spears ◽  
Christa Wright ◽  
Jonathan Shannahan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Nicotine Delivery

Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is becoming increasingly prevalent. ENDS aerosols contain a variety of toxic components that may adversely impact health. Although exposure to traditional cigarette smoke is a risk factor for periodontal disease, the effects of ENDS on oral health have not been adequately examined. To evaluate potential oral health effects associated with ENDS use, a pilot study was performed with 14 current ENDS users and 16 never tobacco users. Participants completed questionnaires about their ENDS use and overall health. Saliva samples were assessed for differential biomarkers of inflammation, toxicity, and disease development. This included evaluation of specific inflammatory cytokines and the global assessment of alterations in metabolites. ENDS users were determined to have elevated saliva levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α indicative of inflammation. Metabolite profiling determined 368 metabolites were differentially expressed in the saliva of ENDS users versus never tobacco users. Cotinine, the primary metabolite of nicotine, was the most significantly altered metabolite between the groups. Increased levels of prostaglandins and leukotrienes indicated that ENDS users exhibited increased arachidonic acid metabolism compared to never tobacco users. Additionally, a variety of other metabolites known to be involved in immune signaling such as gangliosides, ceramides, angiotensin, and others were also different between groups. Overall, our pilot study demonstrates differential saliva component profiles in current ENDS users, which may contribute to periodontal disease development. These alterations suggest specific pathways of oral disease induced by ENDS use and could be utilized as potential future biomarkers. Impact statement The use of traditional tobacco products is a known risk factor for the development of diseases including periodontal disease. To date, the potential oral health effects related to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use is unknown. This study collected saliva from ENDS users and never tobacco users to examine differences in the oral cavity of inflammatory cytokines and metabolites. The identification and measurement of these ENDS-related changes provide insight into disease pathways potentially associated with ENDS use. The utilization of saliva samples collected from human participates enhances the application of the findings compared to the majority of studies using cell culture and animal models. In addition, these foundational findings can inform future studies to examining specific pathways identified, interventional approaches, and application of translatable biomarkers of ENDS use.

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