scholarly journals Influence of Two-Frequency Radiation Intensity Fluctuations on the Output Signal of a Vortex Optical Fiber Forming OAM Address in Polyharmonic Sensor Technology

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Irina Vinogradova ◽  
Azat Gizatulin ◽  
Ivan Meshkov ◽  
Valery Bagmanov ◽  
Oleg Morozov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Structure ◽  
Light Guide ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Optic System ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Guide Mode ◽  
Vortex Element ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Frequency Radiation

A schematic diagram of a RoF radio-optic system with vortex signals is presented, in which the radio frequency is determined by the difference between the wavelengths of two lasers. It is assumed that the generation of a vortex signal can be performed through a vortex fiber-optic periodic structure, which can be obtained using a technology similar to the manufacture of long-period fiber Bragg gratings. The parameters of the grating are modeled assuming that the fundamental light-guide mode (LP01) is applied to the specified vortex element, and the higher-order mode (LP11) is reflected. It was found that the distortion of the vortex signal can be reduced by introducing apodization and chirping of this periodic structure. The following optimal parameters have been estimated: the apodization and chirp multiplier functions, at which the distortions of the amplitude and phase of the vortex signal, as well as the appearance of an unwanted angle distortion, will be minimal. It is shown that such gratings can be exploited in addressed sensors systems using the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of a lightwave as a unique sensor address.

On an inequality of long period in the motions of the Earth and Venus

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 77-78
Keyword(s):  
Principal Term ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Mean Motion ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

The author had pointed out, in a paper published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1828, on the corrections of the elements of Delambre’s Solar Tables, that the comparison of the corrections of the epochs of the sun and the sun’s perigee, given by the late observations, with the corrections given by the observations of the last century, appears to indicate the existence of some inequality not included in the arguments of those tables. As it was necessary, therefore, to seek for some inequality of long period, he commenced an examination of the mean motions of the planets, with the view of discovering one whose ratio to the mean motion of the earth could be expressed very nearly by a proportion of which the terms are small. The appearances of Venus are found to recur in very nearly the same order every eight years; some multiple, therefore, of the periodic time of Venus is nearly equal to eight years. It is easily seen that this multiple must be thirteen; and consequently eight times the mean motion of Venus is nearly equal to thirteen times the mean motion of the earth. The difference is about one 240th of the mean annual motion of the earth; and it implies the existence of an inequality of which the period is about 240 years. No term has yet been calculated whose period is so long with respect to the periodic time of the planets disturbed. The value of the principal term, calculated from the theory, was given by the author in a postscript to the paper above referred to. In the present memoir he gives an account of the method of calculation, and includes also other terms which are necessarily connected with the principal inequality. The first part treats of the perturbation of the earth’s longitude and radius victor; the second of the perturbation of the earth in latitude; and the third of the perturbations of Venus depending upon the same arguments.

Development, Longevity and Fecundity of the False Wireworms Pterohelaeus-Darlingensis and Pterohelaeus-Alternatus (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) .4. Models for Larval and Pupal Development Under Fluctuating Temperatures

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Allsopp
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Long Period ◽  
New Models ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

The usefulness of models derived from constant-temperature rearing in predicting development of larvae and pupae of Pterohelaeus darlingensis Carter and P, alternatus Pascoe under fluctuating temperature was determined. In general, these models underestimated development. The magnitude of the difference was proportional to the length of the development period and, by inference, negatively related to the temperatures experienced. New models were developed with data from individuals reared under fluctuating temperatures. The linear model gave better predictions of development under ambient conditions than did the curvilinear Stinner model for pupae of P. darlingensis, but both models gave similar predictions for larvae of both species. Development of P. alternatus pupae was still underestimated by both models. Substantial discrepancies between observed and expected development of individuals reared under a regimen incorporating a long period at low temperatures indicate that such a regimen is deleterious. Given the considerable variability in development rates between individuals, a stochastic model may predict development more accurately.

Guide-mode resonance characteristics of periodic structure on base of diamond-like carbon film

2013 ◽  
Vol 301-302 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Yaremchuk ◽  
Tomas Tamulevičius ◽  
Volodymyr Fitio ◽  
Ieva Gražulevičiūte ◽  
Yaroslav Bobitski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Structure ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon Film ◽  
Guide Mode

scholarly journals Teleseismic source parameters and rupture characteristics of the 24 November 1987, Superstition Hills earthquake

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine J. Hwang ◽  
Harold Magistrale ◽  
Hiroo Kanamori
Keyword(s):  
Source Parameters ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Body Waves ◽  
Rupture Velocity ◽  
Total Moment ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The North ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Northern Segment

Abstract Long-period body waves from the 24 November 1987, Superstition Hills earthquake are studied to determine the focal mechanism and spatial extent of the seismic source. The earthquake is a complex event consisting of two spatially distinct subevents with different focal mechanisms. Two consistent models of rupture are developed. For both models, the second subevent begins 8 sec after the initiation of the first subevent and the preferred centroid depth lies between 4 to 8 km. Model 1 consists of two point sources separated by 15 to 20 km along strike of the Superstition Hills fault. Model 2 consists of one point source and one line source with a rupture velocity of 2.5 km/sec with moment release distributed along strike of the focal plane at a distance of 10 to 22 km from the epicenter. These moment release patterns show that a significant amount of long-period energy is radiated from the southern segment of the fault. Total moment release for both models is approximately 8 × 1025 dyne-cm. Both models also suggest a change of dip from near vertical near the epicenter to steeply southwesterly dipping along the southern segment of the fault. The difference in rupture characteristics and fault dips seen teleseismically is also reflected in aftershock and afterslip data, and crustal structure underlying the two fault segments. The northern segment had more aftershocks and a smaller proportion of afterslip than the southern segment. The boundary between the two segments lies at a step in the basement that separates a deeper metasedimentary basement to the south from a shallower crystalline basement to the north.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF OPTICAL TRANSDUCER ON FABRICS FOR THE APPLICATION OF LIQUID CLUSTERING USING REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viona Hazar Briliana ◽  
Totok Mujiono
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
Light Scatter ◽  
Optic System ◽  
Pca Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Scatter Intensity ◽  
Optical Transducer

Recently, usage of fabrics as wearable device, along with their applications are increasing, one example being the detection of bio-analyzes such as blood or sweat. One method used to observe the properties of the material of a fabric is to use the Refcletance Spectroscopy, in which excitation of monochromatic light with a specific wavelength is given to a fabrics. Intensity value is then processed using the PCA method in order to obtain the pattern of the difference between each substrate. The proposed transducer optic system consists of 405nm blueviolet laser as the light source, biconvex lens, Adafruit AS7262 light detector, and Arduino. This system can only detect the difference in substrate content from the occurring light scatter. This system can be applied to various kinds of fabric wearable material with differing scatter intensity values depending on the kind of fabrics. Softer kind of fabric is proposed as material for the wearable device because it gives a high scatter intensity value and constant values in every repetation which results in better data reading.Keywords: clustering, optical, reflectance, spectroscopy, transducer, wearable.

scholarly journals Anisotropic Plastic Behavior in an Extruded Long-Period Ordered Structure Mg90Y6.5Ni3.5 (at.%) Alloy

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Gerardo Garces ◽  
Rafael Barea ◽  
Andreas Stark ◽  
Norbert Schell
Keyword(s):  
Basal Plane ◽  
Extrusion Direction ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Ordered Structure ◽  
Lpso Phase ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Anisotropic Plastic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Internal Strains

The Mg90Y6.5Ni3.5 alloy composed almost completely of the Long-Period-Stacking-Ordered (LPSO) phase has been prepared by casting and extrusion at high temperature. An elongated microstructure is obtained where the LPSO phase with 18R crystal structure is oriented with its basal plane parallel to the extrusion direction. Islands of α-magnesium are located between the LPSO grains. The mechanical properties of the alloy are highly anisotropic and depend on the stress sign as well as the relative orientation between the stress and the extrusion axes. The alloy is stronger when it is compressed along the extrusion direction. Under this configuration, the slip of <a> dislocations in the basal plane is highly limited. However, the activation of kinking induces an increase in the plastic deformation. In the transversal extrusion direction, some grains deform by the activation of basal slip. The difference in the yield stress between the different stress configurations decreases with the increase in the test temperature. The evolution of internal strains obtained during in-situ compressive experiments reveals that tensile twinning is not activated in the LPSO phase.

scholarly journals Research on Information Fusion for Machine Potential Fault Operation and Maintenance

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Yi Wan ◽  
Tian-Yu Zuo ◽  
Xin-Mei Sha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Fusion ◽  
Decision Model ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Evidence Theory ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Symmetric Structure ◽  
Asymmetric Data ◽  
The Difference

In recent years, the development of sensor technology in industry has profoundly changed the way of operation and management in manufacturing enterprises. Due to the popularization and promotion of sensors, the maintenance of machines on the production line are also changing from the subjective experience-based machine maintenance to objective data-driven maintenance decision-making. Therefore, more and more data decision model has been developed through AI technology and intelligence algorithms. Equally important, the information fusion between decision results, which got by data decision model, has also received widespread attention. Information fusion is performed on symmetric data structures. The asymmetric data under the symmetric structure leads to the difference in information fusion results. Therefore, fully considering the potential differences of asymmetric data under a symmetric structure is an important content of information fusion. In view of the above, this paper studies how to make information fusion between different decision results through the framework of D-S evidence theory and discusses the deficiency of D-S evidence theory in detail. Based on D-S evidence theory, then a comprehensive evidence method for information fusion is proposed in this paper. We illustrate the rationality and effectiveness of our method through analysis of experiment case. And, this method is applied to a real case from industry. Finally, the irrationality of the traditional D-S method in the comprehensive decision-making results of machine operation and maintenance was solved by our novel method.

Comparison of Methods for Calculating Serum Osmolality from Chemical Concentrations, and the Prognostic Value of Such Calculations

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
William V Dorwart ◽  
Leslie Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Serum Osmolality ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Hospital Patient ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Sodium, potassium, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, and osmolality were determined for 715 hospital-patient sera. The chemical concentrations were used to calculate osmolalities according to 13 different methods taken from the literature. The goodness of the comparison between calculated and measured osmolality was quite similar for several of the better methods. The agreement was unimproved when molal chemical concentrations were used instead of molar values. The difference between measured and calculated osmolality was unrelated to whether a patient was discharged from the hospital after a short or long period or ultimately died. The equation we found to yield the most accurately calculated osmolalities is

Crystal Structures of Long-Period Stacking-Ordered Phases in the Mg-TM-RE Ternary Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 1516 ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyosuke Kishida ◽  
Hideyuki Yokobayashi ◽  
Atsushi Inoue ◽  
Haruyuki Inui
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Lattice Points ◽  
Atomic Arrangement ◽  
Lpso Phase ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Position

ABSTRACTCrystal structures of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) phases in the Mg-TM (transition-metal)-RE(rare-earth) systems were investigated by atomic resolution high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). The 18R-type LPSO phase is constructed by stacking 6-layer structural blocks, each of which contains four consecutive close-packed planes enriched with TM and RE atoms. Formation of the TM6RE8 clusters with the L12 type atomic arrangement is commonly observed in both Mg-Al-Gd and Mg-Zn-Y LPSO phases. The difference between the crystal structures of Mg-Al-Gd and Mg-Zn-Y LPSO phases can be interpreted as the difference in the in-plane ordering of the TM6RE8 clusters in the structural block. The Mg-Al-Gd LPSO phase exhibits a long-range in-plane ordering of Gd and Al, which can be described by the periodic arrangement of the Al6Gd8 clusters with the L12 type atomic arrangement on lattice points of a two-dimensional 2$\sqrt 3 $aMg × 2$\sqrt 3 $aMg primitive hexagonal lattice, although the LPSO phase in the Zn/Y-poor Mg-Zn-Y alloys exhibits a shortrange in-plane ordering of the Zn6Y8 clusters.

Large Explosions at Sea

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
Goetz G. R. Buchbinder
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
Surface Wave Magnitude ◽  
Underwater Explosions ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Difference

Two large unannounced events occurred at sea in aseismic areas in the Atlantic. Comparison of these with the announced event Chase III shows them to be explosions.Large explosions at sea may be recognized by the relatively small amplitude of long period surface waves with periods up to 10 s. Energy of longer periods is absent for events mb ≤ 5.5. The surface wave magnitudes for the events are at least 1.5 smaller at 10 s than those of underground explosions of equal mb, at 20 s they are at least 0.9 smaller. At longer periods the difference between body wave and surface wave magnitude is larger than 0.9 but larger explosions are needed to determine the separation. Underwater explosions on or near the continental shelf are very efficient in the generation of higher mode short period waves.

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