scholarly journals Holographic Optical Lenses Recorded on a Glassy Matrix-Based Photopolymer for Solar Concentrators

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Maria Antonietta Ferrara ◽  
Fabio Borbone ◽  
Giuseppe Coppola
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Glassy Matrix ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Solar Concentrators ◽  
Scientific Attention

Global warming is a very topical issue, therefore the search for new renewable energy sources is considered of fundamental importance. Among these, solar energy offers great possibilities considering that the amount of sunlight hitting the Earth ‘s surface in an hour and a half is enough to meet the world’s electricity consumption for a complete year. Generally, solar concentrators are used to collect the solar radiation and to concentrate it at a single focal point. These devices consist in a set of mirrors or mechanical structures to reduce the area of a photovoltaic cell, which is typically very expensive. Volume transmission phase holographic optical elements could be opportunely designed and realized to obtain a simple, lightweight, compact and inexpensive planar solar concentrator. With the aim of bringing scientific attention to this still developing topic, in this work we critically report a complete investigation on a new photopolymeric material obtained by sol-gel reactions used as possible recording material for volume holographic solar concentrators; as a proof of concept, both terrestrial and extreme environments, such as space, are considered as potential applications.

scholarly journals Volume Holographic Optical Elements as Solar Concentrators: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Antonietta Ferrara ◽  
Valerio Striano ◽  
Giuseppe Coppola
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Solar Concentrators ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Holographic Optical Elements ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Light Concentration ◽  
Physical Principles

Generally, to reduce the area of a photovoltaic cell, which is typically very expensive, solar concentrators based on a set of mirrors or mechanical structures are used. However, such solar concentrators have some drawbacks, as they need a tracking system to track the sun’s position and also they suffer for the overheat due to the concentration of both light and heat on the solar cell. The fundamental advantages of volume holographic optical elements are very appealing for lightweight and cheap solar concentrators applications and can become a valuable asset that can be integrated into solar panels. In this paper, a review of volume holographic-based solar concentrators recorded on different holographic materials is presented. The physical principles and main advantages and disadvantages, such as their cool light concentration, selective wavelength concentrations and the possibility to implement passive solar tracking, are discussed. Different configurations and strategies are illustrated and the state-of-the-art is presented including commercially available systems.

Diamond Machinable Sol-Gel Silica Based Hybrid Coatings for High Precision Optical Molds

2010 ◽  
Vol 438 ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Mehner ◽  
Ju An Dong ◽  
Timo Hoja ◽  
Torsten Prenzel ◽  
Yildirim Mutlugünes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Hybrid Coatings ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Optical Components ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Free Silica ◽  
Gel Processing

The demand for high precision optical elements as micro lens arrays for displays increases continually. Economic mass production of such optical elements is done by replication with high precision optical molds. A new approach for manufacturing such molds was realized by diamond machinable and wear resistant sol-gel coatings. Crack free silica based hybrid coatings from base catalyzed sols from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS: Si(OC2H5)4) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES: Si(CH3)(OC2H5)3) precursors were deposited onto pre-machined steel molds by spin coating process followed by a heat treatment at temperatures up to 800°C. Crack-free multilayer coatings with a total thickness of up to 18 µm were achieved. Micro-machining of these coatings was accomplished by high precision fly cutting with diamond tools. Molds with micro-structured coatings were successfully tested for injection molding of PMMA optical components. The wear resistance of the coatings was successfully tested by injection molding of 1000 PMMA lenses. Hardness and elastic modulus of the coatings were measured by nano indentation. The chemical composition was measured by X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) as a function of the sol-gel processing parameters.

Shrinkage of spacing in fabricating sol-gel optical elements

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Pang ◽  
Deer Yi ◽  
Yingbai Yan ◽  
Guofan Jin ◽  
Minxian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Optical Elements

scholarly journals Analysis of Energy System in Norway with Focus on Energy Consumption Prediction

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hamlehdar ◽  
Alireza Aslani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Industry Growth ◽  
The Status

Abstract Today, the fossil fuels have dominant share of energy supply in order to respond to the high energy demand in the world. Norway is one of the countries with rich sources of fossil fuels and renewable energy sources. The current work is to investigate on the status of energy demand in Norway. First, energy and electricity consumption in various sectors, including industrial, residential are calculated. Then, energy demand in Norway is forecasted by using available tools. After that, the relationship between energy consumption in Norway with Basic economics parameters such as GDP, population and industry growth rate has determined by using linear regression model. Finally, the regression result shows a low correlation between variables.

scholarly journals Energy benchmarking in educational buildings in the city of Kragujevac - possibilities for energy efficiency improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-114
Author(s):  
Ana Radojevic ◽  
Danijela Nikolic ◽  
Jasna Radulovic ◽  
Jasmina Skerlic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Energy Benchmarking

The implementation of energy efficiency measures and use of renewable energy sources in educational buildings can significantly contribute to reducing energy consumption, but also to CO2 emissions in the entire public sector. The paper shows the comparison of energy consumption indicators for 61 elementary school buildings which have previously been divided in 12 groups, according to the period of construction and size, based on the national typology called TABULA, as the first step of further study on how to use the renewable energy sources. The aim of this paper is to use the energy benchmarking process to select representative facilities which are suitable for applying renewable energy sources, for their further energy efficiency improvement. Indicators of annual specific electricity consumption and CO2 emissions per unit area [kWh/m2] and per user [kWh/user] were calculated. After that, from two groups (in which the highest electricity consumption and CO2 emissions are 68.37% and 74.53% of the total consumption/ emissions), one representative facility was selected.

scholarly journals Produkcja energii elektrycznej ze źródeł odnawialnych w krajach Unii Europejskiej i w Polsce w kontekście koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (2) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kozar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
The Eu

The article presents changes that occurred in the production of electricity from renewable energy sources in the EU-28 and in Poland in the years of 2010-2015. The analysis of the changes was based on the data from Eurostat and the Local Data Bank. Based on the indicator of the share of electricity generated from renewable sources in gross electricity consumption, Poland in the period under discussion, was characterized as one of the highest dynamics of change among all EU countries. In addition, the article analyzes the situation concerning the production of electricity in Poland in the regional aspect. From the taken analyzes, it is clear that in all voivodeships, apart from Małopolskie voivodeship, in 2015, more electricity was produced from renewable sources compared to 2010. In the period under discussion, the share of electricity production from renewable sources in total electricity production also increased by 99% in Poland.

Characterization of Selenium Doped Silica Gels Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 564-569
Author(s):  
Renata Andrade Kobayashi ◽  
Samuel Marcio Toffoli
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Silica Gels ◽  
Glassy Matrix ◽  
Industrial Glass ◽  
Rare Element ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Synthesized Materials

Selenium is a rare element in nature. It is used in the food, pharmaceutical, and glass industries. In commercial glasses, selenium is the element responsible for most of the pink or light red color, but its effect is primarily dependent on the oxidation state of the element in the glassy matrix. Besides, selenium is highly volatile, and as high as 80 wt% may be lost in the furnace during the industrial glass elaboration. The sol–gel method yields synthesized materials of high purity and homogeneity, and uses low processing temperatures. Samples of silica gels were obtained by sol-gel method, incorporating precursors of selenium, with the main objective of reducing selenium losses during its heating. The results of optical absorption, XRD and thermal analysis (TGA, DSC) of the gels are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of Technological Features of a Solar Photovoltaic Cell Made of Monocrystalline Silicon P+PNN+

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian-Petre Fluieraru ◽  
Gabriel Predușcă ◽  
Horia Andrei ◽  
Emil Diaconu ◽  
Petru Adrian Cotfas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Monocrystalline Silicon ◽  
Semiconductor Materials ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Photovoltaic Solar Cell ◽  
Photovoltaic Solar Cells

The development in the field of semiconductor materials and electronic devices has a great impact on systems with renewable energy sources. Determination of the functional parameters of photovoltaic solar cells is essential for the subsequent usage of these semiconductor devices. Research was made on type P+PNN+ monocrystalline silicon wafers. Crystallographic measurements of the photovoltaic solar cell were made by means of FESEM-FIB Auriga Workstation. Initial data were selected from the study of models found in the specialized literature. The experimental results were compared to classical mathematical models. Measurements made on the photovoltaic solar cell were realised in laboratory conditions on the NI-ELVIS platform produced by National Instruments.

scholarly journals Single-step fabrication of continuous surface relief micro-optical elements in hybrid sol-gel glass by laser direct writing

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixing Yu ◽  
X. Yuan ◽  
N. Ngo ◽  
Wenxiu Que ◽  
W. Cheong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Relief ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Laser Direct Writing ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Continuous Surface

scholarly journals Ensuring energy efficiency and ways to develop energy security

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 11047
Author(s):  
Alexey Efimiev ◽  
Olga Kutsygina ◽  
Margarita Agafonova ◽  
Andrei Chugunov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Fuel And Energy Sector

The paper assesses the relevant problems of the global energy paradigm, with emphasis on ensuring energy security. To solve this problem, the state and prospects of world energy markets and the forecast for their development are analyzed. The paper substantiates the importance of improving energy efficiency in Russia. It also analyzes and displays the most important aspects of global energy problems, highlights the dynamics of the global balance of energy consumption, analyzes the development of renewable energy sources. The study determined the place of fuel and energy sector in the global economy. Forecasts of global electricity consumption are presented. The paper focuses on the need for measures that contribute to overcoming energy threats in the global energy market.

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