The Absence of Hydrodynamic Stress Promotes Acquisition of Freezing Tolerance and Freeze-Dependent Asexual Reproduction in the Red Alga ‘Bangia’ sp. ESS1

The ebb tide causes calm stress to intertidal seaweeds in tide pools; however, little is known about their physiological responses to loss of water movement. This study investigated the effects of static culture of ‘Bangia’ sp. ESS1 at 15 °C on tolerance to temperature fluctuation. The freezing of aerobically cultured thalli at −80 °C for 10 min resulted in the death of most cells. By contrast, statically cultured thalli acquired freezing tolerance that increased cell viability after freeze–thaw cycles, although they did not achieve thermotolerance that would enable survival at the lethal temperature of 32 °C. Consistently, the unsaturation of membrane fatty acids occurred in static culture. Notably, static culture of thalli enhanced the release of asexual spores after freeze-and-thaw treatment. We conclude that calm stress triggers both the acquisition of freezing tolerance and the promotion of freezing-dependent asexual reproduction. These findings provide novel insights into stress tolerance and the regulation of asexual reproduction in Bangiales.

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Asparagus cultivars with varying adaptation to southern Ontario differ for induction of freezing tolerance in the fall

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2015-0242 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 252-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahmoud Panjtandoust ◽

David J. Wolyn

Keyword(s):

Freezing Tolerance ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Asparagus Officinalis ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Temperature Profiles ◽

Lethal Temperature ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

The Relationship ◽

High Sucrose

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) cultivars differ for adaptation in southern Ontario, and delayed or decreased acquisition of freezing tolerance in the fall could explain, in part, the diminished longevity observed in some germplasm. A field study was conducted to determine the relationship between LT50, the lethal temperature at which 50% of plants die, and physiological parameters related to freezing tolerance, in three cultivars with varying adaptation in southern Ontario: Guelph Millennium (GM) > Jersey Giant (JG) > UC 157 (UC). The experiment was replicated at two sites in one location, in each of two years. LT50 values for GM were lower (increased freezing tolerance) than those for UC in early October; levels for JG were intermediate. In late-October and early-November, the cultivars did not differ. Increased freezing tolerance was associated with high low-molecular-weight fructan (LF), protein and proline concentrations and low sucrose concentration in the rhizome, and high sucrose and proline concentrations and low LF concentration in the storage roots. Acclimation traits were generally consistent over years and deviations may have been related to differing temperature profiles. Results indicate that winter survival of asparagus is in part determined by timely fall acclimation allowing plants to survive exposure to early frosts.

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Freezing Tolerance and Cold Acclimation in Guava (Psidium guajava L.)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.44.5.1258 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 1258-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Wei Hao ◽

Rajeev Arora ◽

Anand K. Yadav ◽

Nirmal Joshee

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Cold Acclimation ◽

Freezing Tolerance ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

The United States ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Relative Water Content

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a tropical evergreen tree that tolerates a wide range of frost-free environments. In recent years, the American market demand for exotic and nutritious fruits, like guava, has been increasing, and, with a long harvest period, guava can be a potential alternative, high-value cash crop in the United States. However, the major limitation with commercializing guava cultivation in the United States is its low cold tolerance. In this article, we studied the physiology of freezing tolerance and cold acclimation in guava. Laboratory freeze–thaw tests (on leaves), shoot growth and leaf relative water content measurements, leaf anthocyanin content analyses, and leaf protein analyses were performed on nonacclimated and cold-acclimated guava cultivars Lucknow-49 and Ruby × Supreme. The leaf freezing tolerance (expressed as LT50 values) of nonacclimated tissues was ≈–2.5 °C and significantly enhanced to ≈–4.4 °C after an environmentally controlled cold acclimation regime for both cultivars. However, when compared based on actual injury sustained by leaves at various freezing temperatures in a freeze–thaw test, ‘Ruby × Supreme’ exhibited significantly less injury than ‘Lucknow-49’ at most temperatures. Growth and leaf relative water content reduced, whereas leaf anthocyanins accumulated during cold acclimation. Leaf protein analyses, which were performed after cold acclimation and drought stress, revealed that four proteins (69, 48, 23.5, and 17.4 kDa) accumulated in response to low temperatures, and two proteins (17.4 and 16 kDa) accumulated in response to drought stress. Antidehydrin immunoblots revealed that one common 17.4 kDa dehydrin accumulated in response to cold and drought stresses. Our data indicate that guava possesses leaf freezing tolerance, exhibits cold acclimation ability, and that ‘Ruby × Supreme’ leaves are relatively more freezing-tolerant than ‘Lucknow-49’ when compared up to –4 and –8 °C for nonacclimated and cold-acclimated tissues, respectively. Cold acclimation in guava appears to be a multifactorial process involving complex physiological and biochemical changes and also overlapping responses with drought stress.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF ALFALFA SEEDLINGS TO FREEZE-THAW, NaCl AND Na2SO4 STRESS

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research ◽

10.15666/aeer/1803_45574567 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 4557-4567

Author(s):

G. BAO ◽

Y. QU ◽

B. YAN ◽

W. BIAN ◽

W. CHEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physiological Responses ◽

Freeze Thaw

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Influence of Freeze/Thaw Cycles on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Masonry Wall and Masonry Wall Materials

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12081464 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1464 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ivanka Netinger Grubeša ◽

Mihaela Teni ◽

Hrvoje Krstić ◽

Martina Vračević

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Masonry Wall ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Historical Building ◽

Typical Structure ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Freeze And Thaw ◽

Before And After

In this study, the influence of freeze/thaw cycles on the mechanical and thermal properties of bricks and mortar as building parts of masonry walls, as well as the influence on the masonry wall itself is investigated. At the material level, the influence of freeze and thaw cycles on the mechanical and thermal properties of masonry components (bricks and mortar) was investigated; at the construction level, the influence of freeze and thaw cycles on the mechanical and thermal properties of a masonry wall was studied. To study the influence of freezing on the energy demand characteristics of masonry buildings, in terms of energy conservation and greenhouse gas emission, a case study was investigated on a typical structure of a historical building located in Croatia, that had undergone a process of energy certification. The applied freeze/thaw regime negatively influenced the compressive strength and the thermal properties of bricks and mortar, as well as the mechanical and thermal properties of the wall. Considering the thermal properties of the material before and after its exposure to freeze/thaw cycles, we concluded that the annual energy consumption, the heating costs, and the CO2 emission of a family house could increase up to 3.7% after frost action in the studied case.

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Effets du gel sur les infrastructures routières argileuses au Québec

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/t92-014 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 131-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marius Roy ◽

Jean Tardif ◽

Serge Leroueil ◽

Gaston Larose ◽

Pierre La Rochelle

Keyword(s):

Field Study ◽

Key Words ◽

Mechanical Behaviour ◽

Clayey Soils ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Freeze And Thaw ◽

Liquidity Index ◽

Thaw Cycle ◽

Laboratory Results ◽

Freeze Thaw Cycle

This study deals with the freeze and thaw effects on the mechanical behaviour of the clayey subgrades exposed by cuts for the placement of road foundations. Twelve cut sites have been analysed in cooperation with the ministère des Transports du Québec. As damages were observed after the first winter on some of the sites, whereas none were apparent on other sites, it was possible to define the factors that may lead to such damages. In particular, the field study confirms the laboratory results showing that criteria based on liquidity index are sufficient to characterize the change of mechanical behaviour of the clayey soils subjected to one freeze–thaw cycle. Key words : clay, liquidity index, freeze-thaw, bearing capacity of roads, heaving, cut. [Translated by the Journal]

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Changes of protein patterns in winter rye following cold acclimation and desiccation stress

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b84-055 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 366-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Y. Cloutier

Keyword(s):

Cold Acclimation ◽

Freezing Tolerance ◽

Protein Pattern ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Apparent Molecular Weight ◽

Protein Band ◽

Desiccation Stress ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Protein Patterns ◽

Electrophoretic Patterns

A comparative study on the electrophoretic patterns of proteins from rye protoplasts has been carried out using a two-dimensional electrophoretic gel system. Rye was cold hardened by cold acclimation or desiccation stress. The two treatments did not induce similar protein pattern changes indicating different metabolic and physiological responses of the cell to these two stresses. A protein band with an apparent molecular weight of 46 000 increased upon hardening by both treatments and was correlated to freezing tolerance. Proteins in this band may play a role in the expression of freezing tolerance of the cell.

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Freezing Tolerance Attributes during Spring Deacclimation for Three Asparagus Cultivars with Varying Adaptation to Southern Ontario

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.141.1.22 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 141 (1) ◽

pp. 22-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mahmoud Panjtandoust ◽

David J. Wolyn

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Freezing Tolerance ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Asparagus Officinalis ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Soil Temperatures ◽

High Concentrations

Winterhardiness in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) may be related to proper cold acclimation and induction of freezing tolerance in the fall, levels and maintenance of freezing tolerance in the winter, and the timing of deacclimation in the spring. Premature deacclimation and the inability to reacclimate could result in crown damage from spring freeze-thaw cycles. A field experiment was conducted, replicated over 2 years, to determine how three cultivars with varying adaptation to southern Ontario deacclimate in the spring by assessing LT50 (the temperature at which 50% of plants die) and biochemical and physiological parameters associated with freezing tolerance. ‘UC 157’ (UC), the least-adapted cultivar, deacclimated after soil temperatures rose above freezing; LT50 values increased linearly over time and were unaffected by fluctuations in soil temperature. ‘Jersey Giant’ (JG), a cultivar with moderate adaptation, rapidly deacclimated with increased soil temperature but appeared to partially reacclimate as temperatures decreased. For ‘Guelph Millennium’ (GM), the most-adapted cultivar, LT50 values did not change, maintaining the greatest levels of freezing tolerance during the spring sampling period. Although LT50 values did not differ among cultivars on the first spring sampling date, ranking for freezing tolerance at the final sampling in each year was GM>JG>UC, which is consistent with adaptation. Rhizome traits were most associated with freezing tolerance and included high concentrations of low-molecular-weight fructans (LFs), glucose, and proline and low percentage water and sucrose concentration. Overall, data suggest that the timing of deacclimation and loss of freezing tolerance in the spring may significantly affect winterhardiness; cultivars that lose freezing tolerance early and cannot reacclimate could suffer most from late spring freeze-thaw cycles.

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Evaluation of an Electrolyte Leakage Technique to Predict St. Augustinegrass Freezing Tolerance

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.4.316 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 316-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

F.P. Maier ◽

N.S. Lang ◽

J.D. Fry

Keyword(s):

Freezing Tolerance ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Field Observations ◽

Lethal Temperature ◽

Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Lethal Temperatures ◽

Lower Lethal Temperature

Stolons of `Raleigh', `Floratam', and FX-332 St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] were sampled from the field between October and March in two consecutive years to evaluate accuracy of an electrolyte leakage (EL) method for predicting freezing tolerance. Lethal temperatures of stolons estimated using EL were compared to those obtained by regrowth tests in the greenhouse. Mean lethal low temperatures for regrowth and EL methods over 12 sampling dates were `Floratam', –4.5C (regrowth) vs. –4.4C (EL); FX-332, –4.2C (regrowth) vs. –4.9C (EL); and `Raleigh', –6.0C (regrowth) vs. –5.4C (EL). A positive correlation (r = 0.81) was observed between EL-predicted and regrowth lethal temperatures for `Raleigh', which exhibited some acclimation during the first sampling year. The EL technique consistently predicted a lower lethal temperature for `Raleigh' than for `Floratam', which corroborates field observations concerning freezing tolerance of these two cultivars.

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Freezing Tolerance of 27 Saltgrass Ecotypes from Three Cold Hardiness Zones

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.42.1.157 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 157-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hrvoje Rukavina ◽

Harrison G. Hughes ◽

Yaling Qian

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Freezing Tolerance ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Warm Season ◽

Lethal Temperature ◽

Northern Areas ◽

Fort Collins ◽

Freezing Test ◽

Cold Hardy ◽

Collection Sites

Freezing is the major abiotic stress that limits geographic distribution of warm season turfgrasses. Prior studies have indicated variation in freezing tolerance in saltgrass clones. Therefore, this study examined freezing tolerance of 27 saltgrass clones as related to collection sites in three zones of cold hardiness. Furthermore, these clones were evaluated for time of leaf browning in the fall with the intent to determine if there was a correlation between this trait and freezing tolerance. Rhizomes were sampled during 2004 and 2005 midwinters from clones established in Fort Collins, Colo., and then subjected to a freezing test in a programmable freezer. Saltgrass freezing tolerance was highly influenced by the climatic zone of clone origin in both years of the experiment. Clones with greater freezing tolerance turned brown earlier in fall in both seasons. Ranking of zones for the average LT50 (lethal temperature at which 50% of rhizomes died) was: zone 4, most northern (−17.2 °C) < zone 5 (−14.4 °C), < zone 6, most southern (−11.1 °C) in 2004, and zone 4 (−18.3 °C), < zone 5 (−15.7 °C) < zone 6 (−13.1 °C) in 2005. Clones from northern areas tolerated lower freezing temperatures overall. This likely indicates that freezing tolerance is inherited. Large intraspecific variation in freezing tolerance may be effectively used in developing cold hardy cultivars.

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CRYOPRESERVATION OF MOUSE EMBRYOS IN MACDONALD FREEZE–THAW APPARATUS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas77-049 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 389-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. F. FORGRAVE ◽

P. RAJAMAHENDRAN ◽

R. D. BAKER

Keyword(s):

Statistical Difference ◽

Mouse Embryos ◽

Freezing Rate ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Freeze And Thaw ◽

Thawing Rate

An inexpensive freeze–thaw apparatus was constructed and used successfully to freeze and thaw mouse embryos (8- to 32-cell). No statistical difference was found in the survival of embryos frozen in a carbonate-buffered solution (BMOC3 — 56%) and a phosphate-buffered solution (PBS — 64%) as judged by in vitro cleavage to blastocyst post-thawing. Optimum conditions for survival in BMOC3 were 1.5 M DMSO, a freezing rate of 1.0 C/min and a thawing rate of 3.50 C/min. Under these conditions, 75% of the embryos developed to blastocyst. Early blastocysts from both media groups developed into normal fetuses or offspring when transferred to recipient females.

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