scholarly journals Small “Nested” Introgressions from Wild Thinopyrum Species, Conferring Effective Resistance to Fusarium Diseases, Positively Impact Durum Wheat Yield Potential

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Kuzmanović ◽  
Gloria Giovenali ◽  
Roberto Ruggeri ◽  
Francesco Rossini ◽  
Carla Ceoloni
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Chromosome Engineering ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Wheat Cultivation

Today wheat cultivation is facing rapidly changing climate scenarios and yield instability, aggravated by the spreading of severe diseases such as Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR). To obtain productive genotypes resilient to stress pressure, smart breeding approaches must be envisaged, including the exploitation of wild relatives. Here we report on the assessment of the breeding potential of six durum wheat-Thinopyrum spp. recombinant lines (RLs) obtained through chromosome engineering. They are characterized by having 23% or 28% of their 7AL chromosome arm replaced by a “nested” alien segment, composed of homoeologous group 7 chromosome fractions from Th. ponticum and Th. elongatum (=7el1L + 7EL) or from different Th. ponticum accessions (=7el1L + 7el2L). In addition to the 7el1L genes Lr19 + Yp (leaf rust resistance, and yellow pigment content, respectively), these recombinant lines (RLs) possess a highly effective QTL for resistance to FHB and FCR within their 7el2L or 7EL portion. The RLs, their null segregants and well-adapted and productive durum wheat cultivars were evaluated for 16 yield-related traits over two seasons under rainfed and irrigated conditions. The absence of yield penalties and excellent genetic stability of RLs was revealed in the presence of all the alien segment combinations. Both 7el2L and 7EL stacked introgressions had positive impacts on source and sink yield traits, as well as on the overall performance of RLs in conditions of reduced water availability. The four “nested” RLs tested in 2020 were among the top five yielders, overall representing good candidates to be employed in breeding programs to enhance crop security and safety.

scholarly journals Adaptive Traits to Improve Durum Wheat Yield in Drought and Crown Rot Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Alahmad ◽  
Yichen Kang ◽  
Eric Dinglasan ◽  
Elisabetta Mazzucotelli ◽  
Kai P. Voss-Fels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Stay Green

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) production can experience significant yield losses due to crown rot (CR) disease. Losses are usually exacerbated when disease infection coincides with terminal drought. Durum wheat is very susceptible to CR, and resistant germplasm is not currently available in elite breeding pools. We hypothesize that deploying physiological traits for drought adaptation, such as optimal root system architecture to reduce water stress, might minimize losses due to CR infection. This study evaluated a subset of lines from a nested association mapping population for stay-green traits, CR incidence and yield in field experiments as well as root traits under controlled conditions. Weekly measurements of normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) in the field were used to model canopy senescence and to determine stay-green traits for each genotype. Genome-wide association studies using DArTseq molecular markers identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosome 6B (qCR-6B) associated with CR tolerance and stay-green. We explored the value of qCR-6B and a major QTL for root angle QTL qSRA-6A using yield datasets from six rainfed environments, including two environments with high CR disease pressure. In the absence of CR, the favorable allele for qSRA-6A provided an average yield advantage of 0.57 t·ha−1, whereas in the presence of CR, the combination of favorable alleles for both qSRA-6A and qCR-6B resulted in a yield advantage of 0.90 t·ha−1. Results of this study highlight the value of combining above- and belowground physiological traits to enhance yield potential. We anticipate that these insights will assist breeders to design improved durum varieties that mitigate production losses due to water deficit and CR.

scholarly journals Colonization of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) Culms Exhibiting Premature Senescence (Dead Heads) Associated with Fusarium pseudograminearum Crown Rot

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 1788-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel L. Knight ◽  
Bethany Macdonald ◽  
Mark W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Significant Disease

Fusarium crown rot is a significant disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), which exhibits high levels of disease susceptibility. The most extreme symptom of crown rot is a prematurely senescing culm that typically fails to set grain. Individual crown rot-affected durum wheat plants displaying both nonsenescent and prematurely senescent culms were harvested to compare visual discoloration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass, and vascular colonization in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown. Field samples of EGA Bellaroi were collected at Wellcamp, QLD, in 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, and of Hyperno at Narrabri, NSW, in 2014. Prematurely senescent culms exhibited greater visual discoloration, F. pseudograminearum biomass, and vascular colonization than nonsenescent culms in each year they were examined. The extent of these differences varied between environments and timing of collection in each year. Vascular colonization initially occurred in xylem vessels and spread into phloem tissues as disease severity increased. The increased presence of hyphae in vascular bundles of prematurely senescing culms provides strong evidence for the hypothesis that restriction of water and nutrient movement in a diseased culm is a key factor in crown rot severity.

scholarly journals Genetic Variance for Fusarium Crown Rot Tolerance in Durum Wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gururaj Kadkol ◽  
Jess Meza ◽  
Steven Simpfendorfer ◽  
Steve Harden ◽  
Brian Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
Tolerance Indices

AbstractTolerance to the cereal disease Fusarium crown rot (FCR) was investigated in a set of 34 durum wheat genotypes, with Suntop, (bread wheat) and EGA Bellaroi (durum) as tolerant and intolerant checks, in a series of replicated field trials over four years with inoculated (FCR-i) and non-inoculated (FCR-n) plots of the genotypes. The genotypes included conventional durum lines and lines derived from crossing durum with 2-49, a bread wheat line with the highest level of partial resistance to FCR. A split plot trial design was chosen to optimize the efficiency for the prediction of FCR tolerance for each genotype. A multi-environment trial (MET) analysis was undertaken which indicated that there was good repeatability of FCR tolerance across years. Based on an FCR tolerance index, Suntop was the most tolerant genotype and EGA Bellaroi was very intolerant, but many durum wheats had FCR tolerance indices which were comparable to Suntop. These included some conventional durum lines, V101030, TD1702, V11TD013*3X-63 and DBA Bindaroi, as well as genotypes from crosses with 2-49 (V114916 and V114942). The correlation between FCR tolerance and FCR-n yield predictions was moderately negative indicating it could be somewhat difficult to develop high yielding FCR-tolerant genotypes. However, FCR tolerance showed a positive correlation with FCR-i yield predictions in seasons of high disease expression indicating it could be possible to screen for FCR tolerance using only FCR-i treatments. These results are the first demonstration of genetic diversity in durum germplasm for FCR tolerance and they provide a basis for breeding for this trait.

Different Tolerance in Bread Wheat, Durum Wheat and Barley to Fusarium Crown Rot Disease Caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum

2012 ◽  
Vol 160 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaxi Liu ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Guijun Yan ◽  
Meixue Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals Genetic Advance of Durum Wheat Under High Yielding Conditions: The Case of Chile

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro del Pozo ◽  
Iván Matus ◽  
Kurt Ruf ◽  
Dalma Castillo ◽  
Ana María Méndez-Espinoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
High Yield Potential

In Chile, durum wheat is cultivated in high-yielding Mediterranean environments, therefore breeding programs have selected cultivars with high yield potential in addition to grain quality. The genetic progress in grain yield (GY) between 1964 and 2010 was 72.8 kg ha−1 per year. GY showed a positive and significant correlation with days to heading, kernels per unit ground area and thousand kernel weight. The gluten and protein content tended to decrease with the year of cultivar release. The correlation between the δ13C of kernels and GY was negative and significant (−0.62, p < 0.05, for all cultivars; and −0.97, p < 0.001, excluding the two oldest cultivars). The yield progress (genetic plus agronomic improvements) of a set of 40–46 advanced lines evaluated between 2006 and 2015 was 569 kg ha−1 per year. Unlike other Mediterranean agro-environments, a longer growing cycle together with taller plants seems to be related to the increase in the GY of Chilean durum wheat during recent decades.

Occurrence of Fusarium head blight and Fusarium crown rot in Algerian wheat: identification of associated species and assessment of aggressiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Abdallah-Nekache ◽  
Imane Laraba ◽  
Christine Ducos ◽  
Christian Barreau ◽  
Zouaoui Bouznad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Associated Species

scholarly journals Survey of Fusarium spp. Causing Wheat Crown Rot in Major Winter Wheat Growing Regions of China

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1610-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-xiang Zhang ◽  
Hai-yan Sun ◽  
Cheng-mei Shen ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Han-shou Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Asiaticum ◽  
Predominant Pathogen

Fusarium crown rot of wheat has become more prevalent in China. To investigate the phylogenetic structure of Fusarium causing wheat crown rot in China, wheat basal stems with symptoms of the disease were collected from 2009 to 2013 in Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, and Shandong provinces. In total, 175 Fusarium isolates were collected and their mycotoxin chemotypes and distribution were identified. Among the 175 isolates, 123 were Fusarium asiaticum; 95 of these were the chemotype 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) and 28 were nivalenol (NIV). Thirty-seven isolates belonged to F. graminearum, which were all 15-AcDON. Smaller numbers of isolates consisted of F. acuminatum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. avenaceum. The virulence of F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates on wheat crowns and heads was comparable. The virulence of isolates of the DON and NIV chemotype were statistically similar, but DON tended to be more aggressive. The DON concentrations in grains from wheat heads inoculated with isolates causing either Fusarium head blight or crown rot were similar. In the five provinces, F. asiaticum of the 3-AcDON chemotype was the predominant pathogen causing crown rot, followed by F. graminearum. Recent changes in causal Fusarium species, chemotypes, and distribution in China are discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic variation for fusarium crown rot tolerance in durum wheat

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0240766
Author(s):  
Gururaj Pralhad Kadkol ◽  
Jess Meza ◽  
Steven Simpfendorfer ◽  
Steve Harden ◽  
Brian Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
Tolerance Indices ◽  
Disease Pressure

Tolerance to the cereal disease Fusarium crown rot (FCR) was investigated in a set of 34 durum wheat genotypes, with Suntop, (bread wheat) and EGA Bellaroi (durum) as tolerant and intolerant controls, in a series of replicated field trials over four years with inoculated (FCR-i) and non-inoculated (FCR-n) plots of the genotypes. The genotypes included conventional durum lines and lines derived from crossing durum with 2–49, a bread wheat genotype with the highest level of partial resistance to FCR. A split plot trial design was chosen to optimize the efficiency for the prediction of FCR tolerance for each genotype. A multi-environment trial (MET) analysis was undertaken which indicated that there was good repeatability of FCR tolerance across years. Based on an FCR tolerance index, Suntop was the most tolerant genotype and EGA Bellaroi was very intolerant, but some durum wheats had FCR tolerance indices which were comparable to Suntop. These included some conventional durum genotypes, V101030, TD1702, V11TD013*3X-63 and DBA Bindaroi, as well as genotypes from crosses with 2–49 (V114916 and V114942). The correlation between FCR tolerance and FCR-n yield predictions was moderately negative indicating it could be somewhat difficult to develop FCR-tolerant genotypes that are high yielding under low disease pressure. However, FCR tolerance showed a positive correlation with FCR-i yield predictions in seasons of high disease expression indicating it could be possible to screen for FCR tolerance using only FCR-i treatments. These results are the first demonstration of genetic diversity in durum germplasm for FCR tolerance and they provide a basis for breeding for this trait.

scholarly journals Deoxynivalenol Detoxification in Transgenic Wheat Confers Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Crown Rot Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Mandalà ◽  
Silvio Tundo ◽  
Sara Francesconi ◽  
Federica Gevi ◽  
Lello Zolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Principal Mechanism

Fusarium diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR), reduce crop yield and grain quality and are major agricultural problems worldwide. These diseases also affect food safety through fungal production of hazardous mycotoxins. Among these, deoxynivalenol (DON) acts as a virulence factor during pathogenesis on wheat. The principal mechanism underlying plant tolerance to DON is glycosylation by specific uridine diphosphate–dependent glucosyltransferases (UGTs), through which DON-3-β-d-glucoside (D3G) is produced. In this work, we tested whether DON detoxification by UGT could confer to wheat a broad-spectrum resistance against Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum. These widespread Fusarium species affect different plant organs and developmental stages in the course of FHB and FCR. To assess DON-detoxification potential, we produced transgenic durum wheat plants constitutively expressing the barley HvUGT13248 and bread wheat plants expressing the same transgene in flower tissues. When challenged with F. graminearum, FHB symptoms were reduced in both types of transgenic plants, particularly during early to mid-infection stages of the infection progress. The transgenic durum wheat displayed much greater DON-to-D3G conversion ability and a considerable decrease of total DON+D3G content in flour extracts. The transgenic bread wheat exhibited a UGT dose–dependent efficacy of DON detoxification. In addition, we showed, for the first time, that DON detoxification limits FCR caused by F. culmorum. FCR symptoms were reduced throughout the experiment by nearly 50% in seedlings of transgenic plants constitutively expressing HvUGT13248. Our results demonstrate that limiting the effect of the virulence factor DON via in planta glycosylation restrains FHB and FCR development. Therefore, ability for DON detoxification can be a trait of interest for wheat breeding targeting FHB and FCR resistance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document