scholarly journals Mexican Plants and Derivates Compounds as Alternative for Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain Treatment—A Review

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 865
Author(s):  
Geovanna N. Quiñonez-Bastidas ◽  
Andrés Navarrete
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Pharmacological Characterization

Despite the availability of many anti-pain drugs, in the form of NSAIDs, steroids, gabapentinoids, opioids, and antidepressants, in this study we address the natural compounds belonging to the group of Mexican medicinal plants or “Mexican folk medicine”, used for pain management in Mexico. Our interest in this subject is due to the growing idea that “natural is harmless” and to the large number of side effects exhibited in pharmacotherapy. The objective of this review was to document the scientific evidence about Mexican medicinal plants and their derivatives used for inflammatory and neuropathic pain treatment, as well as the mechanisms of action implicated in their antinociceptive effects, their possible adverse effects, and the main pharmacological aspects of each plant or compound. Our data review suggested that most studies on Mexican medicinal plants have used inflammatory experimental models for testing. The anti-pain properties exerted by medicinal plants lack adverse effects, and their toxicological assays report that they are safe to consume; therefore, more studies should be performed on preclinical neuropathic pain models. Moreover, there is no convincing evidence about the possible mechanisms of action involved in the anti-pain properties exerted by Mexican plants. Therefore, the isolation and pharmacological characterization of these plant derivatives’ compounds will be important in the design of future preclinical studies.

scholarly journals Pomegranate as a Potential Alternative of Pain Management: A Review

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
José Antonio Guerrero-Solano ◽  
Osmar Antonio Jaramillo-Morales ◽  
Claudia Velázquez-González ◽  
Minarda De la O-Arciniega ◽  
Araceli Castañeda-Ovando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Punica Granatum L ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Selection Of

The use of complementary medicine has recently increased in an attempt to find effective alternative therapies that reduce the adverse effects of drugs. Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) has been used in traditional medicine for different kinds of pain. This review aims to explore the scientific evidence about the antinociceptive effect of pomegranate. A selection of original scientific articles that accomplished the inclusion criteria was carried out. It was found that different parts of pomegranate showed an antinociceptive effect; this effect can be due mainly by the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, or fatty acids. It is suggested in the literature that the mechanisms of action may be related to the activation of the L-arginine / NO pathway, members of the TRP superfamily (TRPA1 or TRPV1) and the opioid system. The implications for the field are to know the mechanisms of action by which this effect is generated and thus be able to create alternative treatments for specific types of pain, which help alleviate it and reduce the adverse effects produced by drugs. The results propose that pomegranate and secondary metabolites could be considered in the treatment of inflammatory, nociceptive, and neuropathic pain.

scholarly journals Role of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Neuropathic Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Leuti ◽  
Marina Fava ◽  
Niccolò Pellegrini ◽  
Mauro Maccarrone
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Convincing Evidence

Inflammation and neuroinflammation are critical mechanisms in the generation of neuropathic pain that is experienced in several chronic diseases. The aberrant inflammation that triggers this pathophysiologic process can be tracked down to an exacerbated immune response, which establishes a vicious cycle and continuously recruits inflammatory cells by inducing chronic tissue damage. Recently, impairment of the cellular and molecular machinery orchestrated by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs)—i.e., endogenous lipids termed resolvins, protectins, maresins, and lipoxins that confine the inflammatory cascades in space and time during the “resolution of inflammation”–has emerged as a crucial event in the derangement of the inflammatory homeostasis and the onset of chronic inflammation and pain. Indeed, a deviant inflammatory response that is not adequately controlled by the resolution network leads to the overproduction of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids that, opposite to SPMs, lead to neuropathic pain. Interestingly, in the last two decades convincing evidence has demonstrated that SPMs antagonize the in vivo activity of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and, overall, exert potent anti-hyperalgesic effects in a number of pain-associated paradigms of disease, such as arthritis and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, as well as in many experimental models of pain like mechanical allodynia, chemical pain, heat hypersensitivity and phase 1 and 2 inflammatory pain. Of note, accumulated evidence supports a synergy between SPMs and other signalling pathways, such as those mediated by transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and those triggered by opioid receptors, suggesting that the cascade of events where inflammation and pain perception take part might be ways more intricated than originally expected. Here, we aim at presenting a state-of-the-art view of SPMs, their metabolism and signalling, in the context of cellular and molecular pathways associated to neuropathic pain.

scholarly journals Biological Activity of Some Aromatic Plants and Their Metabolites, with an Emphasis on Health-Promoting Properties

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kieliszek ◽  
Amr Edris ◽  
Anna Maria Kot ◽  
Kamil Piwowarek
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Health Promoting

The biological activities of four aromatic plants, namely frankincense, myrrh, ginger, and turmeric, were reviewed in the current study. The volatile fraction (essential oil) as well as the nonvolatile fraction of these four plants showed different promising biological activities that are displayed in detail. These activities can include protection from and/or alleviation of some ailment, which is supported with different proposed mechanisms of action. This review aimed to finally help researchers to get a handle on the importance of considering these selected aromatic plants, which have not been thoroughly reviewed before, as a potential adjuvant to classical synthetic drugs to enhance their efficiency. Moreover, the results elicited in this review encourage the consumption of these medicinal plants as an integrated part of the diet to boost the body’s overall health based on scientific evidence.

scholarly journals Identification of Koumine as a Translocator Protein 18 kDa Positive Allosteric Modulator for the Treatment of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojun Xiong ◽  
Guilin Jin ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Wenbing You ◽  
Yufei Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Translocator Protein ◽  
Allosteric Modulator ◽  
Positive Allosteric Modulator ◽  
Pharmacological Characterization ◽  
Competitive Binding Assay ◽  
Translocator Protein 18 Kda

Koumine is an alkaloid that displays notable activity against inflammatory and neuropathic pain, but its therapeutic target and molecular mechanism still need further study. Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is a vital therapeutic target for pain treatment, and recent research implies that there may be allostery in TSPO. Our previous competitive binding assay hint that koumine may function as a TSPO positive allosteric modulator (PAM). Here, for the first time, we report the pharmacological characterization of koumine as a TSPO PAM. The results imply that koumine might be a high-affinity ligand of TSPO and that it likely acts as a PAM since it could delay the dissociation of 3H-PK11195 from TSPO. Importantly, the allostery was retained in vivo, as koumine augmented Ro5-4864-mediated analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in several acute and chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Moreover, the positive allosteric modulatory effect of koumine on TSPO was further demonstrated in cell proliferation assays in T98G human glioblastoma cells. In summary, we have identified and characterized koumine as a TSPO PAM for the treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Our data lay a solid foundation for the use of the clinical candidate koumine to treat inflammatory and neuropathic pain, further demonstrate the allostery in TSPO, and provide the first proof of principle that TSPO PAM may be a novel avenue for the discovery of analgesics.

Serotonergic System and Its Role in Epilepsy and Neuropathic Pain Treatment: A Review Based on Receptor Ligands

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 1723-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Panczyk ◽  
Sylwia Go.lda ◽  
Anna Waszkielewicz ◽  
Dorota Zelaszczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Gunia-Krzyz.ak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Serotonergic System ◽  
Receptor Ligands

An Evidence-Based Review of Antitussive Herbs Containing Essential Oils in Traditional Persian Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayda Hosseinkhani ◽  
Bijan Ziaeian ◽  
Kamran Hessami ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Zarshenas ◽  
Ali Kashkooe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Persian Medicine ◽  
Troublesome Symptom ◽  
Traditional Persian Medicine

Background: Cough is one of the most common medical symptoms for which medical advice is sought. Although cough is a protective reflex responsible for clearing the airways from secretions and foreign bodies, it can be a troublesome symptom that causes discomfort to patients. Due to the increasing interest in herbal remedies in the both developed and developing countries, in the current study, we aimed to overview medicinal herbs containing essential oils used as antitussive agents according to the Traditional Persian Medicine [TPM] textbooks. We summarized the relevant scientific evidence on their possible pharmacological actions. Methods: To collect the evidence for treatment of cough or “seaal” [cough in ancient books] from TPM sources, five main medicinal Persian manuscripts were studied. The antitussive herbs were listed and their scientific names were identified and authenticated in accordance with botanical reference books. ScienceDirect and PubMed online databases were searched for related mechanisms of action of the reported medicinal plants. Results: The number of 49 herbs containing essential oils were recommended in TPM for the treatment of cough; 21 of them had at least one known mechanism of action for cough suppression in the scientific literature. According to this review, most of the cited medicinal plants were assessed for either nitric oxide inhibitory or antitussive/expectorant activities. Conclusion: In addition to advantageous effects of antitussive herbs noted by TPM, the present review highlighted some recent evidence-based data on these promising candidates that could be used as an outline for future research on their medicinal use.

An Insight Into Unani Hypoglycemic Drugs And Their Mechanism of Action

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Nikhat ◽  
Mohd. Fazil
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Action Mechanisms

Background: Diabetes mellitus type-II is a major public health problem characterized by hypo-insulinemia and insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia and its complications. In Unani medicine, it is known as ziyābetus. Several drugs are prescribed in Unani medicine as single and compound formulations for various abnormalities caused by the disease. Most of these drugs have been studied on scientific parameters and have shown significant activity in reducing the symptoms and complications of diabetes. Objectives: The literature research was planned with the objective to find out the action mechanisms of certain selected herbal drugs of Unani medicine, with evidence of their efficacy. Methods: Unani literature was first reviewed extensively and the most frequently-prescribed and easily available drugs for diabetes were selected, followed by a search on major internet search engines for scientific evidence of their efficacy alongwith information of their active ingredient and dosage. Ten drugs were selected for the present review. Results and Conclusion: There is convincing evidence to suggest that the selected drugs have a promising action against diabetes and its complications. Also, there are largely no adverse events reported and some of the preparation methods described in Unani medicine have been proven to reduce or eliminate the adverse events, if any.

Where Disagreements Can Lie

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada de Melo-Martín ◽  
Kristen Intemann
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Policy Decisions

Chapter 10 proposes a second recommendation to deal with the negative adverse effects that normatively inappropriate dissent (NID) can have: it calls for a recognition of the limits of scientific evidence when it comes to public policymaking and for an increased focus on potential differences in the values that underlie policy decisions. It contends that while confusion and doubt about the existing empirical evidence or about its strength can contribute to stalled policies, disagreements about values can also play a significant role. Such disagreements can involve what people take to be valuable, how to interpret shared values, how to weigh conflicting values, and what policies are better for promoting certain valuable goals.

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