Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

In the present study, the potential of ethylene as ethephon (an ethylene source) was investigated individually and in combination with split doses of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) soil treatments for removal of the damaging effects of salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Plants were grown with 50 mg N plus 50 mg S kg−1 soil at sowing time and an equivalent dose at 20 days after sowing [N50 + S50]0d and 20d. Ethephon at 200 μL L‒1 was applied to combined split doses of N and S with or without NaCl. Plants subjected to NaCl showed a decrease in growth and photosynthetic characteristics as well as N and S assimilation, whereas proline metabolism and antioxidants increased. The application of ethephon to plants grown with split N and S doses significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency by increasing the assimilation of N and S, improving the concentration of proline and induction of the antioxidant system with or without NaCl. The regulation of ethylene and/or split forms of N and S application may be potential tools for not just overcoming salt stress effects in this species and in related Brassicaceae but also enhancing their photosynthesis and growth potential through increased nutrient assimilation.

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Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

10.20944/preprints202106.0095.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Badar Jahan ◽

Mehar Fatma ◽

Zebus Sehar ◽

Asim Masood ◽

Adriano Sofo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Proline Metabolism ◽

Split Application ◽

Sowing Time ◽

Stress Effects ◽

S Application ◽

Split Form

In the present study, the potential of ethylene as ethephon (an ethylene source) was investigated individually or with a combination of the split dosage of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) soil treatments for the removal of damaging effects of salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Plants were grown with 50 mg N plus 50 mg S kg−1 soil at sowing time and an equivalent dosage at 20 days after sowing ([N50 + S50]0d + [N50 + S50]20d). Ethephon at 200 μL L‒1 was applied to combined split dosage of N and S with or without NaCl. Plants subjected to NaCl showed a deceased in growth and photosynthetic characteristics as well as N and S assimilation, though, proline metabolism and antioxidants increased. The application of ethephon to plants grown with split N and S dosages significantly enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency by increasing the assimilation of N and S, improving the content of proline and induction of the antioxidant system with or without NaCl. The regulation of ethylene and/or split form N and S application may be the potential tools for overcoming salt stress effects in this species and in related Brassicaceae.

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Interaction of Auxin and Nitric Oxide Improved Photosynthetic Efficiency and Antioxidant System of Brassica juncea Plants Under Salt Stress

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation ◽

10.1007/s00344-020-10268-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Shiraz ◽

Fareen Sami ◽

Husna Siddiqui ◽

Mohammad Yusuf ◽

Shamsul Hayat

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency

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Effect of glucose on the morpho-physiology, photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant system, and carbohydrate metabolism in Brassica juncea

PROTOPLASMA ◽

10.1007/s00709-018-1291-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 256 (1) ◽

pp. 213-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Fareen Sami ◽

Shamsul Hayat

Keyword(s):

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Effect Of Glucose

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24-epibrassinolide in association with iron enhances the photosynthetic efficiency and upregulates the antioxidant system of the Brassica juncea

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum ◽

10.1007/s11738-021-03204-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Vikas Tomar ◽

Ahmad Faraz ◽

Mohammad Yusuf ◽

Pravej Alam ◽

Shamsul Hayat

Keyword(s):

Brassica Juncea ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency

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The Relationship between the Antioxidant System and Proline Metabolism in the Leaves of Cucumber Plants Acclimated to Salt Stress

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10030609 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 609

Author(s):

Marcin Naliwajski ◽

Maria Skłodowska

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Carbonyl Group ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Proline Metabolism ◽

Proline Dehydrogenase ◽

Protein Carbonyl Group

The study examines the effect of acclimation on the antioxidant system and proline metabolism in cucumber leaves subjected to 100 and 150 NaCl stress. The levels of protein carbonyl group, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, α-tocopherol, and activity of ascorbate and glutathione peroxidases, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, pyrroline-5-carboxylate: synthetase and reductase as well as proline dehydrogenase were determined after 24 and 72 h periods of salt stress in the acclimated and non-acclimated plants. Although both groups of plants showed high α-tocopherol levels, in acclimated plants was observed higher constitutive concentration of these compounds as well as after salt treatment. Furthermore, the activity of enzymatic antioxidants grew in response to salt stress, mainly in the acclimated plants. In the acclimated plants, protein carbonyl group levels collapsed on a constitutive level and in response to salt stress. Although both groups of plants showed a decrease in proline dehydrogenase activity, they differed with regard to the range and time. Differences in response to salt stress between the acclimated and non-acclimated plants may suggest a relationship between increased tolerance in acclimated plants and raised activity of antioxidant enzymes, high-level of α-tocopherol as well, as decrease enzyme activity incorporates in proline catabolism.

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